Grammar parses for passage 7.20.5
Open translation for this passage
ἤτοι ἐγὼ Τρώεσσι πόλιν πέρι τεῖχος ἔδειμα, εὐρύ τε καὶ μάλα καλόν, ἵνʼ ἄρρηκτος πόλις εἴη·
The main clause describes building the city and wall; εὐρύ/καλόν are neuter descriptive adjectives linked to τεῖχος, while ἵνα introduces the purpose clause with optative εἴη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἤτοι | ἤτοι | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἔδειμα | discourse | medium | Particle introducing or emphasizing the first-person assertion. |
| 2 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | P1NS | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 7 ἔδειμα | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | Τρώεσσι | Τρώς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔδειμα | iobj | medium | Epic dative plural of the ethnonym, beneficiary/addressee of building. |
| 4 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔδειμα | obj | high | |
| 5 | πέρι | πέρι | ADP | _ | _ | 6 τεῖχος | case | medium | Postpositive/epic preposition with τεῖχος; phrase means around the wall. |
| 6 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔδειμα | obj | medium | Accusative coordinated with πόλιν as the built object or inner accusative. |
| 7 | ἔδειμα | δείμω | VERB | V-AAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Epic aorist form; lemma and exact tense labeling are somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔδειμα | punct | high | |
| 9 | εὐρύ | εὐρύς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 τεῖχος | amod | medium | Neuter nominative/accusative singular agreeing with τεῖχος; predicative continuation is possible. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 καλόν | cc | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 καλόν | cc | high | |
| 12 | μάλα | μάλα | ADV | _ | _ | 13 καλόν | advmod | high | |
| 13 | καλόν | καλός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 τεῖχος | conj | medium | Neuter adjective coordinated with εὐρύ; agreement and predicative structure are elliptical/uncertain. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔδειμα | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἵνʼ | ἵνα | SCONJ | _ | _ | 18 εἴη | mark | high | Contracted/elided form introducing a purpose clause. |
| 16 | ἄρρηκτος | ἄρρηκτος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 πόλις | amod | high | |
| 17 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 εἴη | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | εἴη | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἔδειμα | advcl | high | Optative in a purpose clause. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔδειμα | punct | high |
Φοῖβε, σὺ δʼ εἰλίποδας ἕλικας βοῦς βουκολέεσκες.
The sentence is a direct address to Phoebus; βουκολέεσκες is an epic iterative imperfect meaning ‘you used to tend herds’, with βοῦς as its object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φοῖβε | Φοῖβος | PROPN | neut? | Case=Vocative|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 βουκολέεσκες | vocative | high | Vocative epithet/name addressed to Apollo. |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 βουκολέεσκες | punct | high | |
| 3 | σὺ | σύ | PRON | P2.S.NOM | Case=Nominative|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs | 8 βουκολέεσκες | nsubj | high | Explicit subject of the verb. |
| 4 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 βουκολέεσκες | cc | high | Elided form of δέ. |
| 5 | εἰλίποδας | εἰλίπους | ADJ | ADJ.ACC.PL.MASC | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 βοῦς | amod | medium | Homeric epithet modifying βοῦς; exact lexical inflectional analysis is somewhat uncertain. |
| 6 | ἕλικας | ἕλιξ | ADJ | ADJ.ACC.PL.MASC | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 βοῦς | amod | high | ‘Curly/twisting’, modifying βοῦς. |
| 7 | βοῦς | βοῦς | NOUN | N-ACC-PL | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 βουκολέεσκες | obj | high | Direct object of βουκολέεσκες. |
| 8 | βουκολέεσκες | βουκολέω | VERB | V-IMP-2SG? | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Homeric iterative imperfect, second-person singular; form and accent are archaic/epic, so detailed xpos is uncertain. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 βουκολέεσκες | punct | high |
τὰ μὲν δὴ ἐς τὸ κρανίον τοῦ βοὸς ἐπὶ τοιῷδε ἄν τις εἰκάσειε πεποιῆσθαι·
Potentially elliptical construction: τὰ μέν is a resumptive/topic accusative, while ἐπὶ τοιῷδε introduces the basis or condition for the conjecture; εἰκάσειε is a potential optative with ἄν and πεποιῆσθαι is its complementary perfect middle/passive infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 εἰκάσειε | obj | medium | Resumptive/topic accusative with μέν; exact syntactic attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | P | _ | 1 τὰ | advmod | high | Correlative/topic particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | P | _ | 13 εἰκάσειε | discourse | high | Emphatic/discourse particle. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 6 κρανίον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς governing the accusative. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 κρανίον | det | high | Article agreeing with κρανίον. |
| 6 | κρανίον | κρανίον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 εἰκάσειε | obl | high | Object of ἐς; destination/part affected in the conjectured making. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 βοὸς | det | high | Article agreeing with βοός. |
| 8 | βοὸς | βοῦς | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 κρανίον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on κρανίον. |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 10 τοιῷδε | case | high | Preposition governing the dative phrase τοιῷδε. |
| 10 | τοιῷδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 εἰκάσειε | obl | medium | Substantivized dative with ἐπί; denotes the stated basis or circumstance. |
| 11 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | X | _ | 13 εἰκάσειε | aux | high | Potential particle licensing the optative. |
| 12 | τις | τις | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 13 εἰκάσειε | nsubj | high | Indefinite nominative subject of εἰκάσειε. |
| 13 | εἰκάσειε | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-AO3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Potential aorist active optative, ‘one might conjecture’. |
| 14 | πεποιῆσθαι | ποιέω | VERB | V-RPN | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 13 εἰκάσειε | xcomp | medium | Perfect middle/passive infinitive complementary to εἰκάσειε; passive sense ‘to have been made’ is contextually likely. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εἰκάσειε | punct | high |
ἔστι δὲ ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἄγαλμά τε Ἀθηνᾶς καὶ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Πατρέως τάφος.
Existential ἔστι has a coordinated nominal predicate: ἄγαλμα Ἀθηνᾶς and τάφος Πατρέως; ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ τῆς ἀγορᾶς locates the first, while πρὸ αὐτοῦ locates the second. The accented form ἄγαλμά is treated as neuter nominative singular with final accentuation before τε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P----- | _ | 4 ὑπαίθρῳ | case | high | Preposition governing ὑπαίθρῳ. |
| 4 | ὑπαίθρῳ | ὕπαιθρος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἄγαλμά | obl | high | Locative dative complement of ἐν. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀγορᾶς | det | high | Article with ἀγορᾶς. |
| 6 | ἀγορᾶς | ἀγορά | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ὑπαίθρῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὑπαίθρῳ. |
| 7 | ἄγαλμά | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | medium | First existential subject; final accent likely conditioned by enclitic τε. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 7 ἄγαλμά | cc | high | Coordinates ἄγαλμα with its following genitive complement phrase. |
| 9 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἄγαλμά | nmod | high | Genitive of dedication/possession. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | Coordinates the two existential subjects. |
| 11 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | P----- | _ | 12 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτοῦ. |
| 12 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 τάφος | obl | high | Genitive object of πρό; refers to the statue. |
| 13 | Πατρέως | Πατρεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 τάφος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τάφος. |
| 14 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | conj | high | Second coordinated existential subject. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high |