Grammar parses for passage 7.21.8
Open translation for this passage
ὠνομάσθαι δὲ Ἵππιον τὸν θεὸν πείθοιτο μὲν ἄν τις καὶ ἐπʼ αἰτίαις ἄλλαις· ἐγὼ δὲ εὑρετὴν ἱππικῆς ὄντα ἀπὸ τούτου σχεῖν καὶ τὸ ὄνομα εἰκάζω.
The sentence has two coordinated main predicates: potential optative πείθοιτο with an infinitival subject, followed by first-person εἰκάζω governing the infinitive σχεῖν and its accusative participle ὄντα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὠνομάσθαι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V--AMN- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 3 Ἵππιον | csubj | medium | Articular infinitive subject of πείθοιτο; passive form means 'to have been named'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 πείθοιτο | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἵππιον | Ἵππιος | ADJ | A--ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 5 θεὸν | amod | high | Epithet agreeing with θεόν. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T--ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 5 θεὸν | det | high | |
| 5 | θεὸν | θεός | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 ὠνομάσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 6 | πείθοιτο | πείθω | VERB | V-3SPO- | Mood=Optative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Potential optative with ἄν. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 πείθοιτο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν answered by δέ at token 16. |
| 8 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 6 πείθοιτο | aux | high | Modal particle with optative. |
| 9 | τις | τις | PRON | P--NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Indefinite | 6 πείθοιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 αἰτίαις | cc | medium | Coordinates ἐπὶ αἰτίαις with the understood alternative reasons. |
| 11 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 12 αἰτίαις | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 12 | αἰτίαις | αἰτία | NOUN | N--DPF- | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 6 πείθοιτο | obl | high | Dative of grounds/reasons. |
| 13 | ἄλλαις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--DPF- | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 12 αἰτίαις | amod | high | |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πείθοιτο | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1NS--- | Case=Nominative|Number=Singular|Person=1|PronType=Personal | 26 εἰκάζω | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 εἰκάζω | cc | high | Contrasts the speaker's inference with the preceding possibilities. |
| 17 | εὑρετὴν | εὑρετής | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 19 ὄντα | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative with ὄντα, referring to the god. |
| 18 | ἱππικῆς | ἱππική | NOUN | N--GSF- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 17 εὑρετὴν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on εὑρετήν. |
| 19 | ὄντα | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAPASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 22 σχεῖν | ccomp | medium | Accusative participial construction; understood subject is the god. |
| 20 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 21 τούτου | case | high | |
| 21 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | D--GSM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Demonstrative | 22 σχεῖν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό; 'from this'. |
| 22 | σχεῖν | ἔχω | VERB | V-2AAN- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 26 εἰκάζω | ccomp | medium | Infinitive governed semantically by εἰκάζω; 'to have acquired/derived'. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 ὄνομα | cc | high | |
| 24 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--ASN- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 25 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 25 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N--ASN- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 22 σχεῖν | obj | high | Object of σχεῖν. |
| 26 | εἰκάζω | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-1SPI- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=1|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 εἰκάζω | punct | high |
Ὅμηρος μέν γε ἐν ἵππων ἄθλοις Μενελάῳ κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ τούτου πρόκλησιν περιέθηκεν ὅρκου·
The syntax is straightforward overall; πρόκλησιν is the object of περιέθηκεν, with Μενελάῳ as recipient and κατά + genitive expressing opposition. The genitive ὅρκου is semantically dependent on πρόκλησιν and is mildly interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-------NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 περιέθηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 13 περιέθηκεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle; anticipated contrast may lie outside the sentence. |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | Df | _ | 2 μέν | advmod | medium | Emphatic particle associated with μέν. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ἄθλοις | case | high | |
| 5 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-------GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἄθλοις | nmod | high | |
| 6 | ἄθλοις | ἆθλον | NOUN | N-------DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 περιέθηκεν | obl | high | Dative within ἐν-phrase, ‘in the contests of horses’. |
| 7 | Μενελάῳ | Μενέλαος | PROPN | N-------DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 πρόκλησιν | iobj | medium | Recipient/addressee associated with πρόκλησιν περιέθηκεν. |
| 8 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 θεοῦ | case | high | |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-------GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 10 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-------GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 πρόκλησιν | nmod | high | Object of κατά in the sense ‘against’. |
| 11 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-------GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 θεοῦ | det | high | Demonstrative determiner agreeing with θεοῦ. |
| 12 | πρόκλησιν | πρόκλησις | NOUN | N-------ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 περιέθηκεν | obj | high | |
| 13 | περιέθηκεν | περιτίθημι | VERB | V--------AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative. |
| 14 | ὅρκου | ὅρκος | NOUN | N-------GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 πρόκλησιν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on πρόκλησιν: a challenge/provocation concerning an oath. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 περιέθηκεν | punct | high |
ἵππων ἁψάμενος, γαιήοχον ἐννοσίγαιον ὄμνυθι μηδὲν ἑκὼν τὸ ἐμὸν δόλῳ ἅρμα πεδῆσαι. Hom. Il. 23.584-585
Homeric quotation: ἵππων is a genitive absolute-like accompanying participial construction with ἁψάμενος, while ὄμνυθι governs the infinitival oath content πεδῆσαι; γαιήοχον ἐννοσίγαιον are vocative epithets of Poseidon, and τὸ ἐμὸν ἅρμα is the object of πεδῆσαι. The citation is tokenized character-by-character and numerically, so its internal syntax is not analyzed as prose.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἁψάμενος | obl | high | Genitive with the participle, likely genitive absolute or dependent genitive. |
| 2 | ἁψάμενος | ἅπτω | VERB | V-AMPNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 ὄμνυθι | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, circumstantial to ὄμνυθι. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἁψάμενος | punct | high | |
| 4 | γαιήοχον | γαιήοχος | ADJ | A-VSM | Case=Voc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὄμνυθι | vocative | high | Vocative epithet. |
| 5 | ἐννοσίγαιον | ἐννοσίγαιος | ADJ | A-VSM | Case=Voc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὄμνυθι | vocative | high | Coordinated or appositional vocative epithet; coordination is implicit. |
| 6 | ὄμνυθι | ὄμνυμι | VERB | V-PAM-2S | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second-person singular present active imperative. |
| 7 | μηδὲν | μηδείς | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 13 πεδῆσαι | obj | medium | Neuter accusative; semantically adverbial 'in nothing/not at all' and modifies the infinitival clause. |
| 8 | ἑκὼν | ἑκών | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πεδῆσαι | advmod | medium | Predicative circumstantial adjective, 'willingly'; implied subject is the addressee. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἅρμα | det | high | |
| 10 | ἐμὸν | ἐμός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs | 12 ἅρμα | amod | high | Possessive adjective modifying ἅρμα. |
| 11 | δόλῳ | δόλος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πεδῆσαι | obl | high | Dative of means or manner, 'by deceit'. |
| 12 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 πεδῆσαι | obj | high | Accusative object of πεδῆσαι. |
| 13 | πεδῆσαι | πεδάω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 ὄμνυθι | xcomp | high | Aorist active infinitive expressing the content of the oath. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ὄμνυθι | punct | high | |
| 15 | H | H | X | _ | _ | 0 ROOT | dep | low | Citation tokenized as a single Latin capital letter; no Greek morphology. |
| 16 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 15 H | dep | low | Citation tokenized as a single Latin letter. |
| 17 | m | m | X | _ | _ | 16 o | dep | low | Citation tokenized as a single Latin letter. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 m | punct | high | Period within citation. |
| 19 | I | I | X | _ | _ | 15 H | dep | low | Citation tokenized as a single Latin capital letter. |
| 20 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 19 I | dep | low | Citation tokenized as a single Latin letter. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 l | punct | high | Period within citation. |
| 22 | 23.584 | 23.584 | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 15 H | nummod | low | Citation reference; treated as numeric modifier for the citation label. |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 585 | punct | high | Citation range hyphen. |
| 24 | 585 | 585 | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 22 23.584 | conj | low | Second number in the citation range. |