Grammar parses for passage 7.22.1
Open translation for this passage
Φαραὶ δέ, Ἀχαιῶν πόλις, τελοῦσι μὲν ἐς Πάτρας δόντος Αὐγούστου, ὁδὸς δὲ ἐς Φαρὰς Πατρέων μὲν ἐκ τοῦ ἄστεως στάδιοι πεντήκοντά εἰσι καὶ ἑκατόν, ἀπὸ θαλάσσης δὲ ἄνω πρὸς ἤπειρον περὶ ἑβδομήκοντα.
The syntax is a sequence of paratactic/directional and distance phrases; the clearest uncertainty is whether ὁδός + εἰσι is best taken as a nominal clause or as a copular predication with an elided complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φαραὶ | Φαραί | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 τελοῦσι | nsubj | high | Subject of τελοῦσι. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 τελοῦσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 τελοῦσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 4 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 πόλις | amod | high | Attributive genitive modifying πόλις. |
| 5 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 Φαραὶ | appos | high | Appositive to Φαραὶ. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 πόλις | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | τελοῦσι | τελέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 7 τελοῦσι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 10 Πάτρας | case | high | Preposition governing Πάτρας. |
| 10 | Πάτρας | Πάτραι | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 τελοῦσι | obl | high | Goal phrase with ἐς. |
| 11 | δόντος | δίδωμι | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 Αὐγούστου | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 12 | Αὐγούστου | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 δόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 τελοῦσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τελοῦσι | parataxis | medium | Second clause introduced by a nominal predicate; analysis somewhat uncertain. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 14 ὁδὸς | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 17 Φαρὰς | case | high | Preposition governing Φαρὰς. |
| 17 | Φαρὰς | Φαραί | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ὁδὸς | nmod | high | Dependent of ὁδός with ἐς. |
| 18 | Πατρέων | Πατρεύς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄστεως | nmod | high | Genitive with ἄστεως. |
| 19 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 25 εἰσι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 20 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 22 ἄστεως | case | high | Preposition governing ἄστεως. |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 ἄστεως | det | high | Article with ἄστεως. |
| 22 | ἄστεως | ἄστυ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 εἰσι | obl | high | Ablative/source phrase with ἐκ. |
| 23 | στάδιοι | στάδιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Predicate phrase of distance. |
| 24 | πεντήκοντά | πεντήκοντα | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 23 στάδιοι | nummod | high | Numeral modifying στάδιοι. |
| 25 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ὁδὸς | cop | medium | Copula in distance expression; could also be analyzed as main predicator. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 ἑκατόν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 27 | ἑκατόν | ἑκατόν | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 23 στάδιοι | conj | high | Coordinate numeral with πεντήκοντά. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ὁδὸς | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 29 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 30 θαλάσσης | case | high | Preposition governing θαλάσσης. |
| 30 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ὁδὸς | obl | high | Source phrase with ἀπό. |
| 31 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 32 ἄνω | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 32 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | _ | _ | 14 ὁδὸς | advmod | high | Directional adverb modifying the road/location expression. |
| 33 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 34 ἤπειρον | case | high | Preposition governing ἤπειρον. |
| 34 | ἤπειρον | ἤπειρος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ἄνω | obl | high | Direction phrase with πρὸς. |
| 35 | περὶ | περί | ADP | _ | _ | 36 ἑβδομήκοντα | case | high | Preposition with numeral meaning about/approximately. |
| 36 | ἑβδομήκοντα | ἑβδομήκοντα | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 14 ὁδὸς | obl | high | Approximate measure, governing omitted noun like στάδιοι. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 τελοῦσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ποταμὸς δὲ ῥεῖ πλησίον Φαρῶν Πίερος, ὁ αὐτὸς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ὃς καὶ τὰ Ὠλένου παρέξεισιν ἐρείπια, ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων τῶν πρὸς θαλάσσῃ καλούμενος Πεῖρος.
Main clause with participial and relative-clause elaboration; ὁ αὐτὸς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν is appositional/parenthetical, and the final participle καλούμενος modifies ποταμός/Pεῖρος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ῥεῖ | nsubj | high | Subject of ῥεῖ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 ῥεῖ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ῥεῖ | ῥέω | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 4 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 ῥεῖ | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of motion/location. |
| 5 | Φαρῶν | Φάρα | PROPN | N-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 πλησίον | obl | medium | Likely dependent on πλησίον; form could be interpreted as a place-name in genitive plural. |
| 6 | Πίερος | Πίερος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ποταμὸς | appos | high | Apposition to ποταμός. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ῥεῖ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 αὐτὸς | det | high | Article with αὐτὸς. |
| 9 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 ποταμὸς | appos | high | Appositive identificatory phrase referring to ποταμός. |
| 10 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | p-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 11 δοκεῖν | obl | high | Dative with δοκεῖν. |
| 11 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 αὐτὸς | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of αὐτός/impersonal parenthetical sense. |
| 12 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 1 ποταμὸς | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying ποταμός. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 16 παρέξεισιν | cc | high | Coordinating particle. |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 ἐρείπια | det | high | Article with ἐρείπια. |
| 15 | Ὠλένου | Ὤλενος | PROPN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐρείπια | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of ἐρείπια; proper-name morphology uncertain. |
| 16 | παρέξεισιν | παρέξειμι | VERB | V3SPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ὃς | conj | medium | Verb of the relative clause; form/lemma somewhat uncertain but clearly present indicative 3sg. |
| 17 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 παρέξεισιν | obj | high | Direct object of παρέξεισιν. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ὃς | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 καλούμενος | case | high | Introduces agent phrase with participle. |
| 20 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 καλούμενος | obl:agent | high | Agent in passive construction. |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 ἀνθρώπων | det | high | Article modifying ἀνθρώπων. |
| 22 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 καλούμενος | case | high | Preposition governing θαλάσσῃ. |
| 23 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 καλούμενος | obl | high | Object of πρὸς within participial modifier. |
| 24 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | V-PPPNM-S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 ποταμὸς | acl | high | Participial modifier of ποταμός. |
| 25 | Πεῖρος | Πεῖρος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 καλούμενος | xcomp | medium | Predicative/name in apposition to the participle; analysis uncertain. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ῥεῖ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
πρὸς δὲ τῷ ποταμῷ πλατάνων ἐστὶν ἄλσος, κοῖλαί τε ὑπὸ παλαιότητος αἱ πολλαὶ καὶ ἥκουσαι μεγέθους ἐς τοσοῦτο ὥστε καὶ ἑστιῶνται τῶν χηραμῶν ἐντός, καὶ ὁπόσοις ἂν κατὰ γνώμην ᾖ, καὶ ἐγκαθεύδουσι.
The syntax is broadly paratactic, with several coordinated descriptive clauses; ὥστε introduces a result clause, and the final ὁπόσοις ἂν κατὰ γνώμην ᾖ is somewhat elliptical/indefinite.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 4 ποταμῷ | case | high | Governed by ποταμῷ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ποταμῷ | det | high | Article modifying ποταμῷ. |
| 4 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 πρὸς | obl | high | Part of prepositional phrase with πρὸς. |
| 5 | πλατάνων | πλάτανος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἄλσος | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ἄλσος. |
| 6 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb. |
| 7 | ἄλσος | ἄλσος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject with existential ἐστίν. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | κοῖλαί | κοῖλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 αἱ | amod | medium | Predicative/attributive adjective agreeing with αἱ. |
| 10 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 9 κοῖλαί | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 11 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 12 παλαιότητος | case | high | Introduces genitive complement. |
| 12 | παλαιότητος | παλαιότης | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 κοῖλαί | obl | high | Cause/source expressed with ὑπό. |
| 13 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 πολλαὶ | det | high | Article modifying πολλαί. |
| 14 | πολλαὶ | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 ἑστιῶνται | nsubj | medium | Head of the plural subject in the relative clause. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 ἥκουσαι | cc | high | Connects coordinated participles. |
| 16 | ἥκουσαι | ἥκω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 πολλαὶ | conj | high | Coordinated participle modifying πολλαί. |
| 17 | μεγέθους | μέγεθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἥκουσαι | obl | medium | Genitive of respect/measure with ἥκουσαι. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 19 τοσοῦτο | case | high | Introduces goal/extent phrase. |
| 19 | τοσοῦτο | τοσοῦτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἥκουσαι | obl | medium | Extent complement with ἐς; accusative of extent. |
| 20 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 22 ἑστιῶνται | mark | high | Marks result clause. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 ἑστιῶνται | cc | high | Connective within result clause. |
| 22 | ἑστιῶνται | ἑστιάω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 16 ἥκουσαι | conj | medium | Finite verb in the ὥστε-result clause. |
| 23 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 χηραμῶν | det | high | Article modifying χηραμῶν. |
| 24 | χηραμῶν | κήραμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἑστιῶνται | obl | medium | Likely genitive complement with ἐντός. |
| 25 | ἐντός | ἐντός | ADV | _ | _ | 22 ἑστιῶνται | advmod | medium | Adverbial modifier; governs/relates to the genitive phrase. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἑστιῶνται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 35 ἐγκαθεύδουσι | cc | high | Connects final coordinated clause. |
| 28 | ὁπόσοις | ὁπόσος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ᾖ | obl | medium | Dative with ᾖ, likely distributive/indefinite. |
| 29 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | _ | _ | 32 ᾖ | advmod | high | Modal particle with subjunctive/optative-like clause. |
| 30 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 31 γνώμην | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 31 | γνώμην | γνώμη | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ᾖ | obl | high | Object of κατὰ. |
| 32 | ᾖ | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 35 ἐγκαθεύδουσι | advcl | medium | Subordinate clause with ἄν. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ἐγκαθεύδουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 35 ἐγκαθεύδουσι | cc | high | Connective for final predicate. |
| 35 | ἐγκαθεύδουσι | ἐγκαθεύδω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἐστὶν | conj | high | Final coordinated verb. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |