Grammar parses for passage 7.22.1
Open translation for this passage
Φαραὶ δέ, Ἀχαιῶν πόλις, τελοῦσι μὲν ἐς Πάτρας δόντος Αὐγούστου, ὁδὸς δὲ ἐς Φαρὰς Πατρέων μὲν ἐκ τοῦ ἄστεως στάδιοι πεντήκοντά εἰσι καὶ ἑκατόν, ἀπὸ θαλάσσης δὲ ἄνω πρὸς ἤπειρον περὶ ἑβδομήκοντα.
The sentence contains an elliptical route description: τελοῦσι ... δόντος Αὐγούστου means that the Pharans belong/are assigned to Patrae by Augustus; ὁδός is the subject of the following distance clauses. The final ἑβδομήκοντα is an accusative measure phrase with an understood στάδιοι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φαραὶ | Φαραί | PROPN | Neut-Nom-Pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 τελοῦσι | nsubj | high | City name, feminine plural. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 Φαραὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Φαραὶ | punct | high | |
| 4 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-Gen-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 πόλις | nmod | high | Genitive of affiliation: city of the Achaeans. |
| 5 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 Φαραὶ | appos | high | Apposition to Φαραί. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 πόλις | punct | high | |
| 7 | τελοῦσι | τελέω | VERB | V-Pres-Act-Ind-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Likely intransitive/elliptical ‘belong/pay allegiance’; subject Φαραί. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 7 τελοῦσι | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with later δέ. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Πάτρας | case | high | |
| 10 | Πάτρας | Πάτραι | PROPN | N-Acc-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 τελοῦσι | obl | high | Goal/administrative allegiance with ἐς. |
| 11 | δόντος | δίδωμι | VERB | V-Aor-Act-Gen-Sg-Part | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 τελοῦσι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 12 | Αὐγούστου | Αὔγουστος | PROPN | N-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 δόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 τελοῦσι | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | N-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσι; route description. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ὁδὸς | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 Φαρὰς | case | high | |
| 17 | Φαρὰς | Φαραί | PROPN | N-Acc-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ὁδὸς | obl | high | Destination of the road. |
| 18 | Πατρέων | Πατρεύς | PROPN | N-Gen-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄστεως | nmod | high | Genitive modifying ἄστεως: the urban center of the Patraeans. |
| 19 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 18 Πατρέων | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; paired with δέ at token 31. |
| 20 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 ἄστεως | case | high | |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg-Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἄστεως | det | high | |
| 22 | ἄστεως | ἄστυ | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg-Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 στάδιοι | obl | high | Source point of the road. |
| 23 | στάδιοι | στάδιον | NOUN | N-Nom-Pl-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 εἰσι | nsubj | medium | Measure noun; coordinated predicate with εἰσι. |
| 24 | πεντήκοντά | πεντήκοντα | NUM | NUM-Card | NumType=Card | 23 στάδιοι | nummod | high | |
| 25 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V-Pres-Act-Ind-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 τελοῦσι | parataxis | high | Finite verb of the route-distance clause. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἑκατόν | cc | high | Coordinates the two numeral components. |
| 27 | ἑκατόν | ἑκατόν | NUM | NUM-Card | NumType=Card | 23 στάδιοι | conj | high | Together with πεντήκοντα: 150 stadia. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 εἰσι | punct | high | |
| 29 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 30 θαλάσσης | case | high | |
| 30 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἑβδομήκοντα | obl | high | Starting point for the second distance. |
| 31 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 θαλάσσης | cc | high | Contrasts the second measurement with the first. |
| 32 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | ADV | _ | 36 ἑβδομήκοντα | advmod | high | Direction upward/inland. |
| 33 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 34 ἤπειρον | case | high | |
| 34 | ἤπειρον | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἑβδομήκοντα | obl | high | Directional goal: toward the mainland. |
| 35 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 36 ἑβδομήκοντα | case | high | Approximate measure construction; governs numeral accusative. |
| 36 | ἑβδομήκοντα | ἑβδομήκοντα | NUM | NUM-Card | Case=Acc|NumType=Card | 25 εἰσι | parataxis | medium | Accusative numeral after περί, with understood στάδιοι; elliptical second distance. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 τελοῦσι | punct | high |
ποταμὸς δὲ ῥεῖ πλησίον Φαρῶν Πίερος, ὁ αὐτὸς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ὃς καὶ τὰ Ὠλένου παρέξεισιν ἐρείπια, ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων τῶν πρὸς θαλάσσῃ καλούμενος Πεῖρος.
Πίερος is presented as the river’s name, while the passive participle adds the alternative/current name Πεῖρος; the parenthetical δοκεῖν introduces the relative clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ῥεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ῥεῖ | cc | high | |
| 3 | ῥεῖ | ῥέω | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 ῥεῖ | advmod | high | Adverb used with genitive complement. |
| 5 | Φαρῶν | Φαραί | PROPN | N-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 πλησίον | obl | high | |
| 6 | Πίερος | Πίερος | PROPN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ῥεῖ | nsubj | medium | Appositional/reformulative naming of the river; coordinated nominal predicate structure is possible. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 Πίερος | punct | high | |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 δοκεῖν | nsubj | high | Article with substantivized αὐτός phrase. |
| 9 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 δοκεῖν | nsubj | medium | Together with ὁ, substantivized subject of δοκεῖν. |
| 10 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-s---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 11 δοκεῖν | iobj | high | Dative of the judging person with δοκεῖν. |
| 11 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V--pna--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 Πίερος | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical infinitive, ‘as it seems to me’. |
| 12 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 παρέξεισιν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 παρέξεισιν | cc | high | |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἐρείπια | det | high | |
| 15 | Ὠλένου | Ὠλένος | PROPN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐρείπια | nmod | high | |
| 16 | παρέξεισιν | παρέξειμι | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 δοκεῖν | ccomp | medium | Relative-clause predicate; form can be parsed as παρέξειμι, ‘passes by/is alongside’. |
| 17 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 παρέξεισιν | obj | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 καλούμενος | punct | high | |
| 19 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 ἀνθρώπων | case | high | |
| 20 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 καλούμενος | obl:agent | high | Agent of καλούμενος. |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἀνθρώπων | det | high | |
| 22 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | |
| 23 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἀνθρώπων | nmod | medium | Dativer locative phrase, ‘by/near the sea’, within the genitive nominal group. |
| 24 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | V-sppmn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 6 Πίερος | acl | high | Participial modifier of Πίερος. |
| 25 | Πεῖρος | Πεῖρος | PROPN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 καλούμενος | xcomp | high | Predicate name with passive καλούμενος. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ῥεῖ | punct | high |
πρὸς δὲ τῷ ποταμῷ πλατάνων ἐστὶν ἄλσος, κοῖλαί τε ὑπὸ παλαιότητος αἱ πολλαὶ καὶ ἥκουσαι μεγέθους ἐς τοσοῦτο ὥστε καὶ ἑστιῶνται τῶν χηραμῶν ἐντός, καὶ ὁπόσοις ἂν κατὰ γνώμην ᾖ, καὶ ἐγκαθεύδουσι.
The sentence has an initial existential clause, followed by descriptive predicates about the plane trees; ὥστε introduces a result clause, and the final καί coordinates a conditional/relative circumstance with ἐγκαθεύδουσι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ποταμῷ | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-D-S--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ποταμῷ | det | high | |
| 4 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-D-S--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶν | obl | high | |
| 5 | πλατάνων | πλάτανος | NOUN | N-G-P--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἄλσος | nmod | high | Genitive of material/specification: a grove of plane trees. |
| 6 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἄλσος | ἄλσος | NOUN | N-N-S--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 9 | κοῖλαί | κοῖλος | ADJ | A-NPF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 πολλαὶ | amod | high | Predicative adjective with αἱ πολλαί; understood subject is plane trees. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 κοῖλαί | cc | high | |
| 11 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 παλαιότητος | case | high | |
| 12 | παλαιότητος | παλαιότης | NOUN | N-G-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 κοῖλαί | obl | high | Cause with ὑπό. |
| 13 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 πολλαὶ | det | high | |
| 14 | πολλαὶ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ἥκουσαι | nsubj | medium | Substantivized adjective, coordinated semantically with ἥκουσαι and referring to the plane trees. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἥκουσαι | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἥκουσαι | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAP-NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἐστὶν | conj | medium | Participial predicate coordinated with κοῖλαί; ἥκω here means 'reach/attain'. |
| 17 | μεγέθους | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-G-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἥκουσαι | obj | medium | Genitive of extent with ἥκουσαι. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 τοσοῦτο | case | high | |
| 19 | τοσοῦτο | τοσοῦτος | PRON | PDN-ASN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἥκουσαι | obl | high | Correlative degree expression governing the following ὥστε clause. |
| 20 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἑστιῶνται | mark | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἑστιῶνται | advmod | high | Scalar/additive καί. |
| 22 | ἑστιῶνται | ἑστιάω | VERB | V-PMI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 16 ἥκουσαι | advcl | medium | Result clause; middle/passive form, idiomatically 'people dine/are entertained' inside them. |
| 23 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 χηραμῶν | det | high | |
| 24 | χηραμῶν | χηραμός | NOUN | N-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐντός | nmod | medium | Rare noun; genitive dependent on ἐντός, 'inside the hollows/cavities'. |
| 25 | ἐντός | ἐντός | ADV | ADV | _ | 22 ἑστιῶνται | advmod | high | Adverb with genitive. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἑστιῶνται | punct | high | |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 ἐγκαθεύδουσι | cc | high | |
| 28 | ὁπόσοις | ὁπόσος | PRON | P-D-DPM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ᾖ | obl | medium | Dative relative quantifier, likely 'for as many as'. |
| 29 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 32 ᾖ | advmod | high | |
| 30 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 31 γνώμην | case | high | |
| 31 | γνώμην | γνώμη | NOUN | N-A-S--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ᾖ | obl | high | κατὰ γνώμην, 'according to one's inclination/judgment'. |
| 32 | ᾖ | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAS-3S- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 35 ἐγκαθεύδουσι | advcl | medium | Potential/indefinite subordinate clause; impersonal or elliptical subject. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ᾖ | punct | high | |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 ἐγκαθεύδουσι | cc | high | |
| 35 | ἐγκαθεύδουσι | ἐγκαθεύδω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἐστὶν | conj | high | Coordinated with the result-clause predicate ἑστιῶνται. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | punct | high |