Grammar parses for passage 7.22.10
Open translation for this passage
αἵδε μὲν οὖν θαλάσσης τέ εἰσιν ἀπωτέρω πόλεις καὶ ἠπειρώτιδες βεβαίως·
The copula εἰσιν is the root; πόλεις is its subject, with ἀπωτέρω θαλάσσης as a comparative adverbial phrase and ἠπειρώτιδες as a coordinated predicate adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αἵδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD----NF--- | Case=Nom|Deixis=Prox|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 πόλεις | det | high | Demonstrative determiner modifying πόλεις. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X----X--- | _ | 1 αἵδε | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | X----X--- | _ | 6 εἰσιν | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N----GS--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπωτέρω | obl | medium | Genitive of comparison with ἀπωτέρω. |
| 5 | τέ | τε | CCONJ | C----X--- | _ | 6 εἰσιν | cc | medium | Postpositive coordinating particle, joining the comparative phrase with the following clause. |
| 6 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V########## | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb; subject and predicate complement are separated by the comparative phrase. |
| 7 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπωτέρω | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Cmp | 6 εἰσιν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, with genitive θαλάσσης. |
| 8 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N-----NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσιν. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C----X--- | _ | 10 ἠπειρώτιδες | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate adjective with the first. |
| 10 | ἠπειρώτιδες | ἠπειρώτις | ADJ | A-----NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 εἰσιν | conj | high | Coordinated predicative adjective agreeing with πόλεις. |
| 11 | βεβαίως | βεβαίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 ἠπειρώτιδες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἠπειρώτιδες or the predication generally. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἰσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
πλέοντι δὲ ἐς Αἴγιον ἐκ Πατρῶν ἄκρα πρῶτόν ἐστιν ὀνομαζομένη Ῥίον, σταδίους δὲ Πατρῶν πεντήκοντα ἀπέχουσα, λιμὴν δὲ ὁ Πάνορμος σταδίοις πέντε καὶ δέκα ἀπωτέρω τῆς ἄκρας.
The sentence has an initial elliptical participial construction; ἄκρα is the subject of ἐστιν, with ὀνομαζομένη and ἀπέχουσα as participial modifiers. The final clause is also elliptical, with λιμὴν ὁ Πάνορμος understood as a nominal identification.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πλέοντι | πλέω | VERB | V-PAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial present participle, agreeing with the understood traveler. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Αἴγιον | case | high | Variant form ἐς of εἰς. |
| 4 | Αἴγιον | Αἴγιον | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 πλέοντι | obl | high | Destination governed by ἐς. |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Πατρῶν | case | high | |
| 6 | Πατρῶν | Πάτραι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 πλέοντι | obl | high | Point of departure governed by ἐκ. |
| 7 | ἄκρα | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | πρῶτόν | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | advmod | medium | Predicative/adverbial superlative, neuter form. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ὀνομαζομένη | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PPP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 7 ἄκρα | acl | high | Attributive passive participle modifying ἄκρα. |
| 11 | Ῥίον | Ῥίον | PROPN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ὀνομαζομένη | xcomp | medium | Name supplied as the complement of ‘called’; indeclinable/neuter place-name. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀπέχουσα | obj | high | Accusative measure with ἀπέχουσα. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἀπέχουσα | cc | high | |
| 15 | Πατρῶν | Πάτραι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ἀπέχουσα | nmod | high | Reference point in the distance expression. |
| 16 | πεντήκοντα | πεντήκοντα | NUM | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 13 σταδίους | nummod | high | Cardinal modifying σταδίους. |
| 17 | ἀπέχουσα | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἄκρα | acl | high | Participial distance clause modifying ἄκρα. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀπέχουσα | punct | high | |
| 19 | λιμὴν | λιμήν | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Πάνορμος | appos | high | Appositional description/name-like phrase for Πάνορμος. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 Πάνορμος | cc | high | |
| 21 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Πάνορμος | det | high | |
| 22 | Πάνορμος | Πάνορμος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἄκρα | conj | medium | Elliptical coordinated clause: ‘the harbor is Panormus’; coordinated with the preceding description. |
| 23 | σταδίοις | στάδιον | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 ἀπωτέρω | obl | high | Dative measure with ἀπωτέρω. |
| 24 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 23 σταδίοις | nummod | high | Cardinal modifying σταδίοις. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 δέκα | cc | high | |
| 26 | δέκα | δέκα | NUM | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 24 πέντε | conj | high | Second coordinated numeral. |
| 27 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπωτέρω | ADV | ADV-CMP | Degree=Cmp | 22 Πάνορμος | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, ‘farther away’. |
| 28 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἄκρας | det | high | |
| 29 | ἄκρας | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπωτέρω | obl | high | Comparative standard governed by ἀπωτέρω. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τοσούτους δὲ ἀφέστηκεν ἑτέρους ἀπὸ Πανόρμου τὸ Ἀθηνᾶς καλούμενον τεῖχος.
The verb ἀφέστηκεν is perfect active 3sg of ἀφίστημι, with the accusative τοσούτους ἑτέρους as its object and ἀπό marking the point of separation. τὸ ... τεῖχος is an appositional/identifying accusative phrase, with καλούμενον agreeing with τεῖχος; Πανόρμου is governed by ἀπό and Ἀθηνᾶς is a dependent genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοσούτους | τοσοῦτος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀφέστηκεν | obj | high | Accusative masculine plural, paired attributively with ἑτέρους. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἀφέστηκεν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἀφέστηκεν | ἀφίστημι | VERB | V-RIA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active indicative, third singular. |
| 4 | ἑτέρους | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 τοσούτους | amod | high | Accusative masculine plural adjective modifying τοσούτους; together they form the object phrase. |
| 5 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 3 ἀφέστηκεν | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 6 | Πανόρμου | Πάνορμος | PROPN | NE-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀπὸ | obl | high | Genitive proper name governed by ἀπό. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 τεῖχος | det | high | Article agreeing with τεῖχος. |
| 8 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | NE-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 τεῖχος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τεῖχος, ‘of Athena’. |
| 9 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-PMPNSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 τεῖχος | acl | high | Present passive participle agreeing with τεῖχος; ‘called’. |
| 10 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἀφέστηκεν | appos | medium | Neuter nominative; likely an appositional identifying phrase with the separated object, though an accusative reading would be syntactically possible by attraction or textual normalization. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀφέστηκεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐς δὲ λιμένα Ἐρινεὸν ἐξ Ἀθηνᾶς τείχους παράπλους ἐνενήκοντά εἰσι στάδιοι, ἑξήκοντα δὲ ἐς Αἴγιον ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἐρινεοῦ·
Elliptical distance construction: παράπλους is the subject of εἰσι, with two coordinated numeral predicates; ἐς and ἀπό phrases specify endpoints. The form ἐνενήκοντά is accusative in surface form but functions adverbially/quantitatively with στάδιοι; analysis is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 3 λιμένα | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 εἰσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | λιμένα | λιμήν | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παράπλους | obl | high | Goal of ἐς. |
| 4 | Ἐρινεὸν | Ἐρινεός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 λιμένα | appos | medium | Place-name in apposition to λιμένα. |
| 5 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 6 Ἀθηνᾶς | case | high | |
| 6 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τείχους | nmod | high | With τείχους: from the wall of Athena. |
| 7 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 παράπλους | obl | high | Starting point of the coastal route. |
| 8 | παράπλους | παράπλους | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Subject, ‘coasting voyage/distance’; governs the endpoint phrase. |
| 9 | ἐνενήκοντά | ἐνενήκοντα | NUM | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 στάδιοι | nummod | low | Morphological form is accusative; likely a quantitative/adverbial numeral associated with στάδιοι. |
| 10 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/measurement predicate. |
| 11 | στάδιοι | στάδιον | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 εἰσι | xcomp | medium | Measure complement/predicate nominative; expected lexical gender/number is irregular for στάδιον. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 εἰσι | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἑξήκοντα | ἑξήκοντα | NUM | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 στάδιοι | nummod | low | Invariant numeral; accusative analysis follows parallel quantitative use. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 εἰσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective introducing the second distance. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 16 Αἴγιον | case | high | |
| 16 | Αἴγιον | Αἴγιον | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 εἰσι | obl | high | Second destination. |
| 17 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 19 Ἐρινεοῦ | case | high | |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 Ἐρινεοῦ | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἐρινεοῦ | Ἐρινεός | PROPN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 Αἴγιον | obl | high | Source place with ἀπό; article is substantivizing/associated with the place-name. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 εἰσι | punct | high |
ὁδὸς δὲ ἡ πεζὴ σταδίους τεσσαράκοντα μάλιστα ἐς τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἀποδεῖ τὸν εἰρημένον.
The sentence is an elliptical nominal clause: ὁδὸς ἡ πεζή is the topic/subject, with ἀποδεῖ as the impersonal predicate; σταδίους τεσσαράκοντα is an accusative measure and τὸν εἰρημένον is an accusative object-like complement referring to the previously mentioned number. The exact construction of ἀποδεῖ is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | N--FSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀποδεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἀποδεῖ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T--FSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πεζὴ | det | high | |
| 4 | πεζὴ | πεζός | ADJ | A--FSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ὁδὸς | amod | high | Substantivized/adjectival specification of ὁδός. |
| 5 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N--MPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀποδεῖ | obl | medium | Accusative of measure/distance. |
| 6 | τεσσαράκοντα | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | M-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 σταδίους | nummod | high | |
| 7 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 τεσσαράκοντα | advmod | high | Approximating ‘about/very nearly’. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 ἀριθμὸν | case | high | |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T--MSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀριθμὸν | det | high | |
| 10 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N--MSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀποδεῖ | obl | medium | Prepositional complement ἐς τὸν ἀριθμόν, likely ‘in number/as to the number’. |
| 11 | ἀποδεῖ | ἀποδέω | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | low | Rare/uncertain form and construction; treated as a finite impersonal predicate. |
| 12 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T--MSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 εἰρημένον | det | high | |
| 13 | εἰρημένον | ἐρῶ | VERB | V-RMPMSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 ἀποδεῖ | obj | medium | Perfect middle/passive participle, substantivized: ‘the aforementioned one/number’; lemma convention is uncertain. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἀποδεῖ | punct | high |