Grammar parses for passage 7.22.11
Open translation for this passage
οὐ πόρρω δὲ τοῦ Πατρέων ἄστεως ποταμός τε ὁ Μείλιχος καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν τῆς Τρικλαρίας ἐν ὧ ἐστίν, ἄγαλμα οὐδὲν ἔτι ἔχον.
The sentence has an elliptical locative/existential structure: πόρρω governs the genitive ἄστεως, while ποταμός and ἱερόν are nominative subjects of ἐστίν; ἔχον is a compressed participial adjunct with an understood sanctuary subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | ἄκλιτον | Polarity=Neg | 2 πόρρω | advmod | high | |
| 2 | πόρρω | πόρρω | ADV | ἄκλιτον | _ | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicative adverbial phrase meaning ‘not far’. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | ἄκλιτον | _ | 2 πόρρω | cc | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-d----g-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἄστεως | det | high | |
| 5 | Πατρέων | Πατρέαι | PROPN | N-p---g-p | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἄστεως | nmod | medium | Ethnic/place name in the genitive plural, modifying ἄστεως. |
| 6 | ἄστεως | ἄστυ | NOUN | N-s---g-n | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 πόρρω | obl | high | Genitive with πόρρω. |
| 7 | ποταμός | ποταμός | NOUN | N-s---n-m | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστίν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστίν, coordinated with ἱερόν. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | ἄκλιτον | _ | 7 ποταμός | cc | high | |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-s---n-m | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Μείλιχος | det | high | |
| 10 | Μείλιχος | Μείλιχος | PROPN | N-s---n-m | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ποταμός | appos | high | Apposition identifying the river. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | ἄκλιτον | _ | 7 ποταμός | cc | high | Coordinates ποταμός and ἱερόν. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-s---n-n | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἱερὸν | det | high | |
| 13 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-s---n-n | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστίν | conj | high | Coordinated nominative subject with ποταμός. |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-s---g-f | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Τρικλαρίας | det | high | |
| 15 | Τρικλαρίας | Τρικλαρία | PROPN | N-s---g-f | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερόν. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 ὧ | case | high | |
| 17 | ὧ | ὅς | PRON | P-----d-s | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 18 ἐστίν | obl | medium | Printed form ὧ is taken as relative dative referring to the sanctuary; orthography is unusual. |
| 18 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 2 πόρρω | parataxis | high | Copular/existential clause: ‘in which is’. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστίν | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-s---n-n | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἔχον | obj | medium | Object of ἔχον; understood subject is the sanctuary/relative clause referent. |
| 21 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | P-s---n-n | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg|PronType=Ind | 20 ἄγαλμα | det | high | Negative quantifier agreeing with ἄγαλμα. |
| 22 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ἄκλιτον | _ | 23 ἔχον | advmod | high | |
| 23 | ἔχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-sppann--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἐστίν | acl | medium | Present participle modifying the neuter subject/referent; syntax is compressed. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 πόρρω | punct | high |
τοῦτο μὲν δή ἐστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ,
Copular clause with τοῦτο as subject and the prepositional locative ἐν δεξιᾷ as a predicative/oblique complement; μὲν δή are discourse particles.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Demonstrative pronoun functioning as the neuter subject of ἐστιν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X----BS- | Polarity=Pos | 4 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle marking μέν. |
| 3 | δή | δή | PART | X----BS- | _ | 4 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V均? | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Third-person singular present indicative of εἰμί; final -ν is movable. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 δεξιᾷ | case | high | Preposition governing δεξιᾷ. |
| 6 | δεξιᾷ | δεξιός | ADJ | A---DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | obl | high | Substantivized feminine dative, ‘on the right’. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
προελθόντι δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ Μειλίχου ποταμός ἐστιν ἄλλος· ὄνομα μὲν τῷ ποταμῷ Χάραδρος,
The dative participle προελθόντι is an understood circumstantial subject (‘having proceeded/passed on’) with ἀπό; ποταμός ἐστιν ἄλλος is the main clause, followed by an appositional naming clause with omitted copula (‘the river’s name is Charadros’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προελθόντι | προέρχομαι | VERB | VAorActPtcDatSgMsc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ποταμός | advcl | medium | Circumstantial aorist participle, probably agreeing with an understood traveler/subject; dative may be concessive or absolute-like in context. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Μειλίχου | case | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GenSgMsc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Μειλίχου | det | high | |
| 5 | Μειλίχου | Μειλίχος | PROPN | NE-GnmSg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπὸ | obl | medium | Proper name of the river Μείλιχος; accent/form preserved as input. |
| 6 | ποταμός | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NomSgMsc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V- PresActInd3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἄλλος | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NomSgMsc | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ποταμός | amod | high | Predicative adjective associated with ποταμός. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NomSgNe | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 Χάραδρος | nsubj | medium | Beginning of a verbless naming clause; relation is structurally uncertain because the copula is omitted. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 10 ὄνομα | discourse | high | |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DatSgMsc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ποταμῷ | det | high | |
| 13 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-DatSgMsc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ὄνομα | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference: ‘for/to the river’; attached to ὄνομα in the naming construction. |
| 14 | Χάραδρος | Χάραδρος | PROPN | NE-NomSgMsc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 10 ὄνομα | appos | medium | Appositional name/predicate nominative to ὄνομα; omitted copula makes the exact dependency uncertain. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὄνομα | punct | high |
ὥρᾳ δὲ ἦρος πίνοντα ἐξ αὐτοῦ τὰ βοσκήματα ὀφείλει τίκτειν ἄρρενα ὡς τὰ πλείω συμβαίνει, καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκα οἱ νομεῖς ἑτέρωσε αὐτὰ τῆς χώρας μεθιστᾶσι πλήν γε δὴ τὰς βοῦς· ταύτας δὲ αὐτοῦ καταλείπουσιν ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ, διότι καὶ πρὸς θυσίας οἱ ταῦροί σφισι καὶ ἐς τὰ ἔργα ἐπιτηδειότεροι θηλειῶν βοῶν εἰσιν,
The opening πίνοντα is an attributive/circumstantial participle modifying τὰ βοσκήματα; the final διότι clause explains why the cows are left, with ταῦροί as subject and ἐπιτηδειότεροι as predicate adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὥρᾳ | ὥρα | NOUN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πίνοντα | obl | high | Dative of time/season. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 συμβαίνει | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἦρος | ἔαρ | NOUN | N--G-SN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ὥρᾳ | nmod | high | |
| 4 | πίνοντα | πίνω | VERB | V-PPAP-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 βοσκήματα | acl | medium | Participle agreeing with τὰ βοσκήματα; temporal/causal circumstance. |
| 5 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 αὐτοῦ | case | high | |
| 6 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 4 πίνοντα | obl | medium | Genitive with ἐξ; likely referring to the river/source. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 βοσκήματα | det | high | |
| 8 | βοσκήματα | βόσκημα | NOUN | N--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ὀφείλει | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | ὀφείλει | ὀφείλω | VERB | V-PIAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | τίκτειν | τίκτω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ὀφείλει | xcomp | high | |
| 11 | ἄρρενα | ἄρρην | ADJ | A--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 τίκτειν | obj | high | Predicate/object complement with τίκτειν. |
| 12 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 συμβαίνει | mark | medium | Introduces comparative/generalizing clause. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 πλείω | det | high | |
| 14 | πλείω | πολύς | ADJ | A--NPN-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 συμβαίνει | nsubj | high | Substantivized comparative, 'the greater number/most'. |
| 15 | συμβαίνει | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-PIAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ὀφείλει | advcl | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 συμβαίνει | punct | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 μεθιστᾶσι | cc | high | |
| 18 | τοῦδε | οὗτος | PRON | P--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 19 ἕνεκα | nmod | high | |
| 19 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 μεθιστᾶσι | case | high | Postpositive genitive-taking preposition. |
| 20 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 νομεῖς | det | high | |
| 21 | νομεῖς | νομεύς | NOUN | N--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 μεθιστᾶσι | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | ἑτέρωσε | ἑτέρωσε | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 26 μεθιστᾶσι | advmod | high | Directional adverb. |
| 23 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 26 μεθιστᾶσι | obj | high | |
| 24 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 χώρας | det | high | |
| 25 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἑτέρωσε | obl | medium | Genitive of separation with ἑτέρωσε. |
| 26 | μεθιστᾶσι | μεθίστημι | VERB | V-PIAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ὀφείλει | conj | high | |
| 27 | πλήν | πλήν | ADP | PREP | _ | 30 τὰς | case | high | Exceptive preposition. |
| 28 | γε | γε | PART | PART | _ | 27 πλήν | advmod | high | |
| 29 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 27 πλήν | advmod | high | |
| 30 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T--APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 βοῦς | det | high | |
| 31 | βοῦς | βοῦς | NOUN | N--APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 μεθιστᾶσι | obl | high | Object of exceptive πλήν. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 μεθιστᾶσι | punct | high | |
| 33 | ταύτας | οὗτος | PRON | P--APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 36 καταλείπουσιν | obj | high | |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 36 καταλείπουσιν | cc | high | |
| 35 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 36 καταλείπουσιν | advmod | medium | Adverbial αὐτοῦ, 'there/in that place'. |
| 36 | καταλείπουσιν | καταλείπω | VERB | V-PIAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 26 μεθιστᾶσι | conj | high | |
| 37 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 39 ποταμῷ | case | high | |
| 38 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 39 ποταμῷ | det | high | |
| 39 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 καταλείπουσιν | obl | high | |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 καταλείπουσιν | punct | high | |
| 41 | διότι | διότι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 55 εἰσιν | mark | high | Causal subordinator. |
| 42 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 52 ἐπιτηδειότεροι | cc | high | |
| 43 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 44 θυσίας | case | high | |
| 44 | θυσίας | θυσία | NOUN | N--APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 52 ἐπιτηδειότεροι | obl | high | Purpose/fitness complement. |
| 45 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 46 ταῦροί | det | high | |
| 46 | ταῦροί | ταῦρος | NOUN | N--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 55 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 47 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P--DSM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 52 ἐπιτηδειότεροι | obl | medium | Dative of reference/possession. |
| 48 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 51 ἔργα | cc | high | |
| 49 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 51 ἔργα | case | high | |
| 50 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 51 ἔργα | det | high | |
| 51 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 52 ἐπιτηδειότεροι | obl | high | Purpose/functional complement. |
| 52 | ἐπιτηδειότεροι | ἐπιτήδειος | ADJ | A--NPM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 55 εἰσιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰσιν. |
| 53 | θηλειῶν | θήλυς | ADJ | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 54 βοῶν | amod | high | |
| 54 | βοῶν | βοῦς | NOUN | N--GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 52 ἐπιτηδειότεροι | nmod | high | Genitive of comparison. |
| 55 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 36 καταλείπουσιν | advcl | high | Causal clause governed by διότι. |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 55 εἰσιν | punct | high |
ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς ἄλλοις κτήνεσι τὸ θῆλυ ἐπὶ πλέον τετίμηται.
The dative phrase ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις κτήνεσι is the comparison domain ('among the other animals'); ἐπὶ πλέον is an adverbial comparative ('to a greater extent').
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 5 κτήνεσι | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 10 τετίμηται | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-dat.pl.neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἄλλοις | det | high | |
| 4 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-dat.pl.neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 κτήνεσι | amod | high | |
| 5 | κτήνεσι | κτῆνος | NOUN | N-dat.pl.neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 τετίμηται | obl | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-nom.sg.neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 θῆλυ | det | high | |
| 7 | θῆλυ | θῆλυς | NOUN | N-nom.sg.neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 τετίμηται | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, 'the female'. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 9 πλέον | case | high | |
| 9 | πλέον | πολύς | ADV | A-acc.sg.neut | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 τετίμηται | obl | medium | Adverbial comparative phrase ἐπὶ πλέον, 'to a greater extent'; form is neuter accusative of comparative πλείων. |
| 10 | τετίμηται | τιμάω | VERB | V-perf.mid.ind.3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect middle, stative/passive in sense: 'is held in greater honor'. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 τετίμηται | punct | high |