Grammar parses for passage 7.22.4
Open translation for this passage
τοιαύτη καὶ Αἰγυπτίοις ἑτέρα περὶ τοῦ Ἄπιδος τὸ ἱερὸν μαντεία καθέστηκεν·
The phrase τὸ ἱερόν is a substantivized neuter adjective (‘the sanctuary’) and is most plausibly the accusative complement of καθέστηκεν; its form is syncretic with nominative, so the analysis is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοιαύτη | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 μαντεία | det | high | Demonstrative/qualitative adjective agreeing with μαντεία. |
| 2 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἑτέρα | cc | high | Coordinates ἑτέρα with the preceding understood/implicit oracle description. |
| 3 | Αἰγυπτίοις | Αἰγύπτιος | NOUN | A--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 μαντεία | obl | high | Dative of association or reference: ‘among/for the Egyptians’. |
| 4 | ἑτέρα | ἕτερος | ADJ | A--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 μαντεία | amod | high | Adjective modifying μαντεία. |
| 5 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Ἄπιδος | case | high | Preposition governing τοῦ Ἄπιδος. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἄπιδος | det | high | Article agreeing with Ἄπιδος. |
| 7 | Ἄπιδος | Ἄπις | PROPN | Np-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 μαντεία | nmod | high | Proper name in the genitive under περὶ. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article agreeing with ἱερόν. |
| 9 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | A--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 μαντεία | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘sacred [place/temple]’; syntactically modifies μαντεία only if read as an attributive phrase, but likely forms τὸ ἱερόν as a nominal complement. |
| 10 | μαντεία | μαντεία | NOUN | N--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 καθέστηκεν | nsubj | high | Feminine nominative subject of καθέστηκεν; means oracle/oracular institution. |
| 11 | καθέστηκεν | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RIA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect active, ‘has been established/stands’; τὸ ἱερόν is analyzed as an accusative-like object/complement despite surface neuter nominative-accusative syncretism. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 καθέστηκεν | punct | high |
ἐν Φαραῖς δὲ καὶ ὕδωρ ἱερόν ἐστι τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ· Ἑρμοῦ νᾶμα μὲν τῇ πηγῇ τὸ ὄνομα, τοὺς δὲ ἰχθῦς οὐχ αἱροῦσιν ἐξ αὐτῆς, ἀνάθημα εἶναι τοῦ θεοῦ νομίζοντες.
The semicolon introduces an elliptical nominal clarification (Ἑρμοῦ νᾶμα ... τὸ ὄνομα) followed by the finite clause αἱροῦσιν and its accompanying participial belief construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | Case=Dat | 5 ὕδωρ | case | high | |
| 2 | Φαραῖς | Φαραί | PROPN | N--PFD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ὕδωρ | obl | high | Locative dative with ἐν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 7 ἐστι | cc | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 ὕδωρ | cc | high | |
| 5 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἱερόν | ἱερός | ADJ | A---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ὕδωρ | amod | high | |
| 7 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ἑρμοῦ | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἑρμοῦ | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | N---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | nmod | high | Possessive/genitival complement. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 11 | Ἑρμοῦ | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | N---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 νᾶμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on νᾶμα. |
| 12 | νᾶμα | νᾶμα | NOUN | N---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 νομίζοντες | parataxis | medium | Nominal sentence coordinated/continued after the semicolon. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D--------- | _ | 12 νᾶμα | advmod | high | |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L---DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πηγῇ | det | high | |
| 15 | πηγῇ | πηγή | NOUN | N---DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 νᾶμα | obl | medium | Dative of reference: the spring has the name. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 17 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 νᾶμα | appos | medium | Appositional predicate/clarification: the name is 'Hermes' stream. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 νᾶμα | punct | high | |
| 19 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἰχθῦς | det | high | |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 23 αἱροῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 21 | ἰχθῦς | ἰχθύς | NOUN | N---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 αἱροῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 22 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 23 αἱροῦσιν | advmod | high | |
| 23 | αἱροῦσιν | αἱρέω | VERB | V3PPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 νᾶμα | conj | high | Main finite verb of the second clause. |
| 24 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | P | Case=Gen | 25 αὐτῆς | case | high | |
| 25 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P---GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 23 αἱροῦσιν | obl | high | Refers to the spring. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 αἱροῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 27 | ἀνάθημα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Subject of the infinitive. |
| 28 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 31 νομίζοντες | xcomp | high | Infinitive in the participial belief construction. |
| 29 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 30 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἀνάθημα | nmod | high | Genitive of dedication/possession. |
| 31 | νομίζοντες | νομίζω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 αἱροῦσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject understood as the inhabitants. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 αἱροῦσιν | punct | high |
ἑστήκασι δὲ ἐγγύτατα τοῦ ἀγάλματος τετράγωνοι λίθοι τριάκοντα μάλιστα ἀριθμόν· τούτους σέβουσιν οἱ Φαρεῖς, ἑκάστῳ θεοῦ τινὸς ὄνομα ἐπιλέγοντες.
Two coordinated clauses: ἑστήκασι has postposed subject λίθοι with ἀριθμόν as an accusative of specification; τούτους is the object of σέβουσιν, and ἑκάστῳ θεοῦ τινὸς ὄνομα ἐπιλέγοντες is a circumstantial participial clause, with ὄνομα as its object and ἑκάστῳ as the indirect object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἑστήκασι | ἵστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active intransitive, ‘stand’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἑστήκασι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐγγύτατα | ἐγγύς | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 1 ἑστήκασι | advmod | high | Superlative adverb, ‘very near/nearest’. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀγάλματος | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀγάλματος | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐγγύτατα | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐγγύτατα. |
| 6 | τετράγωνοι | τετράγωνος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 λίθοι | amod | high | |
| 7 | λίθοι | λίθος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἑστήκασι | nsubj | high | Postposed grammatical subject of ἑστήκασι. |
| 8 | τριάκοντα | τριάκοντα | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 10 ἀριθμόν | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying ἀριθμόν. |
| 9 | μάλιστα | μάλα | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 8 τριάκοντα | advmod | high | Modifies the approximate numeral phrase. |
| 10 | ἀριθμόν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 λίθοι | obl | medium | Accusative of specification or measure: ‘in number’. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 1 ἑστήκασι | punct | high | |
| 12 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | D-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 13 σέβουσιν | obj | high | Resumptive demonstrative referring to λίθοι. |
| 13 | σέβουσιν | σέβω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἑστήκασι | conj | high | Second coordinated finite clause. |
| 14 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Φαρεῖς | det | high | |
| 15 | Φαρεῖς | Φαρεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 σέβουσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic proper name; nominative plural. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 13 σέβουσιν | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἑκάστῳ | ἕκαστος | PRON | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 21 ἐπιλέγοντες | iobj | high | Dative recipient: ‘to each one’. |
| 18 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 τινὸς | nmod | high | Genitive modifying τινός. |
| 19 | τινὸς | τις | PRON | X-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 20 ὄνομα | nmod | medium | Genitive indefinite, ‘of some god’; form can be ambiguous. |
| 20 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἐπιλέγοντες | obj | high | Object of ἐπιλέγοντες, ‘assigning/calling a name’. |
| 21 | ἐπιλέγοντες | ἐπιλέγω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 σέβουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with οἱ Φαρεῖς. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 13 σέβουσιν | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἔτι παλαιότερα καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἕλλησι τιμὰς θεῶν ἀντὶ ἀγαλμάτων εἶχον ἀργοὶ λίθοι.
The neuter plural τὰ παλαιότερα is substantivized and functions as a coordinated/contrastive subject-like phrase, while ἀργοὶ λίθοι is the explicit nominative subject; εἶχον agrees with the plural subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 λίθοι | det | high | Article with substantivized neuter plural adjective. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 λίθοι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 παλαιότερα | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the comparative adjective. |
| 4 | παλαιότερα | παλαιός | ADJ | A-NPN-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 λίθοι | amod | high | Substantivized neuter plural comparative adjective. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 Ἕλλησι | cc | medium | Coordinates the dative complements within the phrase. |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πᾶσιν | det | high | Article with πᾶσιν. |
| 7 | πᾶσιν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Ἕλλησι | amod | high | Adjectival modifier agreeing with Ἕλλησι. |
| 8 | Ἕλλησι | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 λίθοι | obl | high | Dative of reference: for all Greeks. |
| 9 | τιμὰς | τιμή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 εἶχον | obj | high | Object of εἶχον. |
| 10 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 τιμὰς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τιμάς. |
| 11 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | P-G | _ | 12 ἀγαλμάτων | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 12 | ἀγαλμάτων | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 τιμὰς | nmod | high | Object of ἀντί; phrase means instead of statues. |
| 13 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 15 λίθοι | conj | high | Finite verb; subject follows. |
| 14 | ἀργοὶ | ἀργός | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 λίθοι | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of λίθοι. |
| 15 | λίθοι | λίθος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject of εἶχον; nominal predicate/root analysis reflects the delayed subject. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 λίθοι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |