Grammar parses for passage 7.23.4
Open translation for this passage
ἀπωτέρω δὲ Ἀργυρᾶς ποταμός ἐστιν ὀνομαζόμενος Βολιναῖος, καὶ πόλις ποτὲ ᾠκεῖτο πρὸς αὐτῷ Βολίνα.
The sentence has two coordinated predicates: the river is called Βολιναῖος, and a city formerly stood/was inhabited beside it; the proper names are treated as predicate naming complements.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπωτέρω | ADV | Adverb | Degree=Cmp | 5 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, spatially ‘farther away’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Postpositive conjunction | _ | 5 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀργυρᾶς | Ἀργυρᾶ | PROPN | Noun proper fem gen sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ποταμός | nmod | high | Genitive place-name modifying ποταμός. |
| 4 | ποταμός | ποταμός | NOUN | Noun masc nom sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential predicate. |
| 6 | ὀνομαζόμενος | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PPP-NSM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 4 ποταμός | acl | high | Passive participle agreeing with ποταμός. |
| 7 | Βολιναῖος | Βολιναῖος | PROPN | Noun proper masc nom sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὀνομαζόμενος | xcomp | medium | Predicate/name complement of ὀνομαζόμενος; an appositional naming construction is also possible. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 12 ᾠκεῖτο | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 10 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | Noun fem nom sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ᾠκεῖτο | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ποτὲ | ποτέ | ADV | Adverb | _ | 12 ᾠκεῖτο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘once/formerly’. |
| 12 | ᾠκεῖτο | οἰκέω | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 5 ἐστιν | conj | high | Imperfect middle, ‘was inhabited/was situated’. |
| 13 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | Preposition | _ | 14 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 14 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pron dat sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 12 ᾠκεῖτο | obl | high | Dative pronoun governed by πρός; refers to the river. |
| 15 | Βολίνα | Βολίνα | PROPN | Noun proper fem nom sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ᾠκεῖτο | xcomp | medium | Predicate complement/name of πόλις with ᾠκεῖτο; could alternatively be analyzed as apposition. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high |
παρθένου δὲ ἐρασθῆναι Βολίνης Ἀπόλλωνα, τὴν δὲ φεύγουσαν ἐς τὴν ταύτῃ φασὶν ἀφεῖναι θάλασσαν αὑτήν, καὶ ἀθάνατον γενέσθαι χάριτι τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος.
The sentence reports two coordinated accusative-and-infinitive predicates under φασίν; ταύτῃ is an adverbial dative with an elliptical destination, and αὑτήν is analyzed as the reflexive accusative associated with ἀφεῖναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρθένου | παρθένος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐρασθῆναι | xcomp | high | Genitive complement of ἐρασθῆναι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐρασθῆναι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐρασθῆναι | ἐράω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 13 φασὶν | ccomp | medium | Infinitive in an impersonal/reporting construction; passive morphology corresponds to ‘fall in love with’. |
| 4 | Βολίνης | Βολίνη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐρασθῆναι | obl | medium | Genitive of the beloved/person involved; syntactically dependent on ἐρασθῆναι. |
| 5 | Ἀπόλλωνα | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐρασθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 φασὶν | punct | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 φεύγουσαν | det | high | |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 φασὶν | cc | high | |
| 9 | φεύγουσαν | φεύγω | VERB | V-PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἀφεῖναι | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with the understood/object woman. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 ταύτῃ | case | high | |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ταύτῃ | det | high | |
| 12 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | D-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφεῖναι | obl | medium | Dative demonstrative used adverbially/locatively, ‘there’; ἐς is taken as governing an elliptical destination. |
| 13 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reporting verb. |
| 14 | ἀφεῖναι | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by φασίν. |
| 15 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφεῖναι | obj | high | Object of ἀφεῖναι. |
| 16 | αὑτήν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 14 ἀφεῖναι | obj | medium | Reflexive accusative, likely object/complement with ἀφεῖναι: ‘release/send herself’. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 καὶ | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 γενέσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival predicate. |
| 19 | ἀθάνατον | ἀθάνατος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with the understood accusative subject. |
| 20 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 14 ἀφεῖναι | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive under φασίν. |
| 21 | χάριτι | χάρις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Dative of means/cause, ‘by the favor of’. |
| 22 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Ἀπόλλωνος | det | high | |
| 23 | Ἀπόλλωνος | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 χάριτι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on χάριτι. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 φασὶν | punct | high |
ἐφεξῆς δὲ ἄκρα τε ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν ἔχει, καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῇ λέγεται λόγος ὡς Κρόνος τῆς θαλάσσης ἐνταῦθα ἔρριψε τὸ δρέπανον, ᾧ τὸν πατέρα Οὐρανὸν ἐλυμήνατο·
The sentence has two coordinated predicates, ἔχει and λέγεται; ὡς introduces the reported clause, and ᾧ is an instrumental dative referring to the sickle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐφεξῆς | ἐφεξῆς | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 ἔχει | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἔχει | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄκρα | ἄκρον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχει | obj | high | Neuter nominative/accusative form; accusative as object of ἔχει. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἄκρα | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 θάλασσαν | case | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 θάλασσαν | det | high | |
| 7 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἄκρα | obl | high | Goal/direction complement with ἐς. |
| 8 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔχει | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 αὐτῇ | case | high | |
| 12 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 λέγεται | obl | high | Locative with ἐπί. |
| 13 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 8 ἔχει | conj | high | Impersonal/passive-like reporting construction. |
| 14 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 λέγεται | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἔρριψε | mark | high | Introduces the reported content. |
| 16 | Κρόνος | Κρόνος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἔρριψε | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 θαλάσσης | det | high | |
| 18 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἔρριψε | obl | high | Partitive/relational genitive with ἔρριψε. |
| 19 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 20 ἔρριψε | advmod | high | |
| 20 | ἔρριψε | ῥίπτω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 13 λέγεται | ccomp | high | |
| 21 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 δρέπανον | det | high | |
| 22 | δρέπανον | δρέπανον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἔρριψε | obj | high | |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἔρριψε | punct | high | |
| 24 | ᾧ | ὅς | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἐλυμήνατο | obl | medium | Relative dative, likely instrumental ('with which'). |
| 25 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 πατέρα | det | high | |
| 26 | πατέρα | πατήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἐλυμήνατο | obj | high | |
| 27 | Οὐρανὸν | Οὐρανός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 πατέρα | appos | high | Apposition to πατέρα. |
| 28 | ἐλυμήνατο | λυμαίνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 20 ἔρριψε | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying δρέπανον via ᾧ. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔχει | punct | high |
ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὲ καὶ τὴν ἄκραν Δρέπανον ὀνομάζουσιν.
The phrase τὴν ἄκραν Δρέπανον contains an accusative common noun and place-name in an appositional naming construction; ἐπὶ τούτῳ is an oblique prepositional modifier of ὀνομάζουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 2 τούτῳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative demonstrative. |
| 2 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | PD-DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 ὀνομάζουσιν | obl | high | Dative demonstrative in the prepositional phrase. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ὀνομάζουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 Δρέπανον | cc | medium | Connective particle, likely linking the object phrase to preceding context. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAF-S-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἄκραν | det | high | Article modifying ἄκραν. |
| 6 | ἄκραν | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Δρέπανον | appos | medium | Feminine accusative noun in apposition to the place-name Δρέπανον; exact appositional structure is somewhat elliptical. |
| 7 | Δρέπανον | Δρέπανον | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|NameType=Place|Number=Sing | 8 ὀνομάζουσιν | obj | high | Accusative place-name, object of ὀνομάζουσιν. |
| 8 | ὀνομάζουσιν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb meaning ‘they call/name’; subject is implicit third-person plural. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὀνομάζουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὀλίγον δὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν λεωφόρον Ῥυπῶν ἐστι τὰ ἐρείπια·
Existential ἐστι with postposed subject τὰ ἐρείπια; ὀλίγον is an adverbial accusative modifying the predicate, and ὑπέρ governs the accusative λεωφόρον with the genitive place-name Ῥυπῶν dependent on it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADV | A----NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘a little way’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐστι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 λεωφόρον | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 λεωφόρον | det | high | |
| 5 | λεωφόρον | λεωφόρος | NOUN | N----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | obl | high | Accusative complement of ὑπέρ; attached as the prepositional oblique. |
| 6 | Ῥυπῶν | Ῥυπαί | PROPN | Ne--GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 λεωφόρον | nmod | high | Genitive place-name dependent on λεωφόρον. |
| 7 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular predicate; agrees with the neuter plural subject in the conventional singular form. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐρείπια | det | high | |
| 9 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Postposed neuter plural subject. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστι | punct | high |
σταδίους δὲ Αἴγιον περὶ τοὺς τριάκοντα ἀπέχει Ῥυπῶν.
The construction expresses that Aigion is about thirty stadia distant from Rhypes; Αἴγιον is treated as the accusative object/extent complement of ἀπέχει, while περὶ τοὺς τριάκοντα specifies the approximate number.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-ACC-MPL | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀπέχει | obl | high | Accusative of distance. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἀπέχει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Αἴγιον | Αἴγιον | PROPN | N-ACC-NSG | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπέχει | obj | medium | Place name in the accusative; likely the destination/extent associated with ἀπέχει. |
| 4 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 τριάκοντα | case | high | Preposition governing τοὺς τριάκοντα. |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-ACC-MPL | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 τριάκοντα | det | high | Article with substantivized numeral. |
| 6 | τριάκοντα | τριάκοντα | NUM | ADJ-ACC-MPL | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 1 σταδίους | nummod | medium | Cardinal numeral modifying σταδίους; indeclinable form. |
| 7 | ἀπέχει | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-3SG-PAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb, ‘is distant/stands off’. |
| 8 | Ῥυπῶν | Ῥυπαί | PROPN | N-GEN-FPL | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἀπέχει | obl | high | Genitive of separation or distance from Ῥυπαί. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀπέχει | punct | high |