Grammar parses for passage 7.23.4
Open translation for this passage
ἀπωτέρω δὲ Ἀργυρᾶς ποταμός ἐστιν ὀνομαζόμενος Βολιναῖος, καὶ πόλις ποτὲ ᾠκεῖτο πρὸς αὐτῷ Βολίνα.
The sentence has two coordinated predicates: the river is called Βολιναῖος, and a city formerly stood/was inhabited beside it; the proper names are treated as predicate naming complements.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπωτέρω | ADV | Adverb | Degree=Cmp | 5 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, spatially ‘farther away’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Postpositive conjunction | _ | 5 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀργυρᾶς | Ἀργυρᾶ | PROPN | Noun proper fem gen sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ποταμός | nmod | high | Genitive place-name modifying ποταμός. |
| 4 | ποταμός | ποταμός | NOUN | Noun masc nom sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential predicate. |
| 6 | ὀνομαζόμενος | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PPP-NSM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 4 ποταμός | acl | high | Passive participle agreeing with ποταμός. |
| 7 | Βολιναῖος | Βολιναῖος | PROPN | Noun proper masc nom sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὀνομαζόμενος | xcomp | medium | Predicate/name complement of ὀνομαζόμενος; an appositional naming construction is also possible. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 12 ᾠκεῖτο | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 10 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | Noun fem nom sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ᾠκεῖτο | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ποτὲ | ποτέ | ADV | Adverb | _ | 12 ᾠκεῖτο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘once/formerly’. |
| 12 | ᾠκεῖτο | οἰκέω | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 5 ἐστιν | conj | high | Imperfect middle, ‘was inhabited/was situated’. |
| 13 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | Preposition | _ | 14 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 14 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pron dat sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 12 ᾠκεῖτο | obl | high | Dative pronoun governed by πρός; refers to the river. |
| 15 | Βολίνα | Βολίνα | PROPN | Noun proper fem nom sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ᾠκεῖτο | xcomp | medium | Predicate complement/name of πόλις with ᾠκεῖτο; could alternatively be analyzed as apposition. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὲ καὶ τὴν ἄκραν Δρέπανον ὀνομάζουσιν.
The phrase τὴν ἄκραν Δρέπανον contains an accusative common noun and place-name in an appositional naming construction; ἐπὶ τούτῳ is an oblique prepositional modifier of ὀνομάζουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 2 τούτῳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative demonstrative. |
| 2 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | PD-DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 ὀνομάζουσιν | obl | high | Dative demonstrative in the prepositional phrase. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ὀνομάζουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 Δρέπανον | cc | medium | Connective particle, likely linking the object phrase to preceding context. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAF-S-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἄκραν | det | high | Article modifying ἄκραν. |
| 6 | ἄκραν | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Δρέπανον | appos | medium | Feminine accusative noun in apposition to the place-name Δρέπανον; exact appositional structure is somewhat elliptical. |
| 7 | Δρέπανον | Δρέπανον | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|NameType=Place|Number=Sing | 8 ὀνομάζουσιν | obj | high | Accusative place-name, object of ὀνομάζουσιν. |
| 8 | ὀνομάζουσιν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb meaning ‘they call/name’; subject is implicit third-person plural. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὀνομάζουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὀλίγον δὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν λεωφόρον Ῥυπῶν ἐστι τὰ ἐρείπια·
Existential ἐστι with postposed subject τὰ ἐρείπια; ὀλίγον is an adverbial accusative modifying the predicate, and ὑπέρ governs the accusative λεωφόρον with the genitive place-name Ῥυπῶν dependent on it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADV | A----NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘a little way’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐστι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 λεωφόρον | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 λεωφόρον | det | high | |
| 5 | λεωφόρον | λεωφόρος | NOUN | N----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | obl | high | Accusative complement of ὑπέρ; attached as the prepositional oblique. |
| 6 | Ῥυπῶν | Ῥυπαί | PROPN | Ne--GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 λεωφόρον | nmod | high | Genitive place-name dependent on λεωφόρον. |
| 7 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular predicate; agrees with the neuter plural subject in the conventional singular form. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐρείπια | det | high | |
| 9 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Postposed neuter plural subject. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστι | punct | high |