Grammar parses for passage 7.23.8
Open translation for this passage
Ἀσκληπιὸν μὲν γὰρ ἀέρα γένει τε ἀνθρώπων εἶναι καὶ πᾶσιν ὁμοίως ζῴοις ἐπιτήδειον πρὸς ὑγίειαν, Ἀπόλλωνα δὲ ἥλιον, καὶ αὐτὸν ὀρθότατα Ἀσκληπιῷ πατέρα ἐπονομάζεσθαι, ὅτι ἐς τὸ ἁρμόζον ταῖς ὥραις ποιούμενος ὁ ἥλιος τὸν δρόμον μεταδίδωσι καὶ τῷ ἀέρι ὑγιείας.
The sentence contains three coordinated indirect statements and a causal ὅτι-clause with a participial phrase; some attachment choices for the first infinitival clause are slightly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀσκληπιὸν | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of indirect statement with εἶναι. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 1 Ἀσκληπιὸν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 8 εἶναι | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 4 | ἀέρα | ἀήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | obj | high | Predicate noun in indirect statement. |
| 5 | γένει | γένος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | obl | medium | Likely dative of respect/association with ἀνθρώπων. |
| 6 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἀνθρώπων | cc | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 7 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 γένει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of γένει. |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Head of first indirect statement. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἐπιτήδειον | cc | high | Connects coordinated predicates. |
| 10 | πᾶσιν | πᾶς | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ζῴοις | amod | medium | Could also be substantive; interpreted as modifying ζῴοις. |
| 11 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | _ | _ | 13 ἐπιτήδειον | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐπιτήδειον. |
| 12 | ζῴοις | ζῷον | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐπιτήδειον | obl | high | Dative with ἐπιτήδειον. |
| 13 | ἐπιτήδειον | ἐπιτήδειος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective in indirect statement. |
| 14 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 15 ὑγίειαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 15 | ὑγίειαν | ὑγίεια | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπιτήδειον | obl | high | Prepositional complement. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἶναι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | Ἀπόλλωνα | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐπονομάζεσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of indirect statement. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 17 Ἀπόλλωνα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 19 | ἥλιον | ἥλιος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐπονομάζεσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicate noun in indirect statement. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐπονομάζεσθαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 ἐπονομάζεσθαι | cc | high | Connects coordinated infinitival clauses. |
| 22 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐπονομάζεσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of indirect statement. |
| 23 | ὀρθότατα | ὀρθότατα | ADV | _ | _ | 26 ἐπονομάζεσθαι | advmod | high | Modifies ἐπονομάζεσθαι. |
| 24 | Ἀσκληπιῷ | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 πατέρα | obl | high | Dative with πατέρα. |
| 25 | πατέρα | πατήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐπονομάζεσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicate noun in indirect statement. |
| 26 | ἐπονομάζεσθαι | ἐπονομάζω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated infinitival predicate. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐπονομάζεσθαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 28 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 39 μεταδίδωσι | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction. |
| 29 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 31 ἁρμόζον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 30 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἁρμόζον | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 31 | ἁρμόζον | ἁρμόζω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 39 μεταδίδωσι | obl | medium | Substantivized participle; relation somewhat uncertain. |
| 32 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 33 ὥραις | det | high | Article with ὥραις. |
| 33 | ὥραις | ὥρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 34 ποιούμενος | obl | high | Dative with ποιούμενος. |
| 34 | ποιούμενος | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 39 μεταδίδωσι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἥλιος. |
| 35 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 ἥλιος | det | high | Article with ἥλιος. |
| 36 | ἥλιος | ἥλιος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 μεταδίδωσι | nsubj | high | Subject of μεταδίδωσι. |
| 37 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 δρόμον | det | high | Article with δρόμον. |
| 38 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 μεταδίδωσι | obj | high | Direct object of μεταδίδωσι. |
| 39 | μεταδίδωσι | μεταδίδωμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of causal clause. |
| 40 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 39 μεταδίδωσι | cc | high | Connects coordinated objects. |
| 41 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 42 ἀέρι | det | high | Article with ἀέρι. |
| 42 | ἀέρι | ἀήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 μεταδίδωσι | iobj | high | Indirect object / recipient. |
| 43 | ὑγιείας | ὑγίεια | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 42 ἀέρι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἀέρι. |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 μεταδίδωσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐγὼ δὲ ἀποδέχεσθαι μὲν τὰ εἰρημένα, οὐδὲν δέ τι Φοινίκων μᾶλλον ἢ καὶ Ἑλλήνων ἔφην τὸν λόγον, ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐν Τιτάνῃ τῆς Σικυωνίων τὸ αὐτὸ ἄγαλμα Ὑγείαν τε ὀνομάζεσθαι καὶ †παιδὶ ἦν δῆλα ὡς τὸν ἡλιακὸν δρόμον ἐπὶ γῆς ὑγίειαν ποιοῦντα ἀνθρώποις.
The syntax is comparatively complex, with an indirect statement after ἔφην and a causal ἐπεὶ-clause containing an infinitival/participial construction; the text also has a marked crux at †παιδί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp-1ns | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 16 ἔφην | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔφην. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 16 ἔφην | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀποδέχεσθαι | ἀποδέχομαι | VERB | Vm-pn-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 16 ἔφην | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive with μὲν. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Pt | _ | 3 ἀποδέχεσθαι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | At-p---na | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 εἰρημένα | det | high | Article with εἰρημένα. |
| 6 | εἰρημένα | λέγω | VERB | V-pppnna- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 3 ἀποδέχεσθαι | obj | high | Object of ἀποδέχεσθαι. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἔφην | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | Px-s---na | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 18 λόγον | obj | high | Part of the clause introduced by ἔφην. |
| 9 | δέ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 16 ἔφην | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 10 | τι | τις | PRON | Pi-s---na | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 8 οὐδὲν | det | high | Indefinite pronoun modifying οὐδέν. |
| 11 | Φοινίκων | Φοίνικες | PROPN | Np-p---mg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 μᾶλλον | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of μᾶλλον; semantic comparison is somewhat loose. |
| 12 | μᾶλλον | μᾶλλον | ADV | D---------- | _ | 16 ἔφην | advmod | high | Comparative adverb. |
| 13 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 12 μᾶλλον | cc | high | Second member of comparative phrase. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 15 Ἑλλήνων | cc | high | Conjunctive particle. |
| 15 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | Np-p---mg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 μᾶλλον | conj | medium | Parallel genitive with Φοινίκων. |
| 16 | ἔφην | φημί | VERB | Vmia1s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 17 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | At-s---ma | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 λόγον | det | high | Article with λόγον. |
| 18 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἔφην | obj | high | Object/predicate accusative with ἔφην. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἔφην | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 35 ἦν | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing causal clause. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | PART | D-------- | _ | 23 Τιτάνῃ | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial 'also/even' with ἐν Τιτάνῃ. |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 Τιτάνῃ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 23 | Τιτάνῃ | Τιτάνη | PROPN | Np-s---fd | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 ἦν | obl | high | Locative oblique with ἦν. |
| 24 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | At-s---fg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 Σικυωνίων | det | high | Article with Σικυωνίων. |
| 25 | Σικυωνίων | Σικυώνιος | ADJ | A-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 Τιτάνῃ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Τιτάνῃ, 'of the Sicyonians'. |
| 26 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | At-s---na | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 ἄγαλμα | det | high | Article with ἄγαλμα. |
| 27 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἄγαλμα | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 28 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ὀνομάζεσθαι | nsubj | high | Subject of ὀνομάζεσθαι. |
| 29 | Ὑγείαν | Ὑγεία | PROPN | Np-s---fa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ὀνομάζεσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative/name with ὀνομάζεσθαι. |
| 30 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 29 Ὑγείαν | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 31 | ὀνομάζεσθαι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | Vm-pn-- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 35 ἦν | csubj | high | Infinitival clause functioning as subject/complement of ἦν. |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | PART | D-------- | _ | 35 ἦν | advmod | medium | Likely correlative 'also/even' before ἦν. |
| 33 | † | † | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ἦν | punct | low | Editorial mark / corruption indicator; treated as punctuation. |
| 34 | παιδὶ | παῖς | NOUN | N-s---fd? | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 ἦν | iobj | low | Textual uncertainty: form likely dative 'to/for a child' but gender in context is unclear. |
| 35 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V--ia3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 16 ἔφην | advcl | high | Finite verb of causal clause. |
| 36 | δῆλα | δῆλος | ADJ | A-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 35 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with ἦν. |
| 37 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 36 δῆλα | mark | high | Introduces content/complement clause. |
| 38 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | At-s---ma | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 40 δρόμον | det | high | Article with δρόμον. |
| 39 | ἡλιακὸν | ἡλιακός | ADJ | A-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 40 δρόμον | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 40 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 44 ποιοῦντα | obj | high | Object of ποιοῦντα. |
| 41 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 42 γῆς | case | high | Preposition. |
| 42 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 ποιοῦντα | obl | high | Prepositional oblique with ποιοῦντα. |
| 43 | ὑγίειαν | ὑγίεια | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 ποιοῦντα | obj | high | Second object/complement of ποιοῦντα. |
| 44 | ποιοῦντα | ποιέω | VERB | Vppspama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 ἦν | xcomp | high | Participle agreeing with implied subject of ἦν; within ὡς-clause. |
| 45 | ἀνθρώποις | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 44 ποιοῦντα | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/recipient. |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἔφην | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |