Grammar parses for passage 7.24.10
Open translation for this passage
τοῦ σεισμοῦ κίονας ὁρᾶν ἔστιν ἀνορθουμένους οἳ ὀλίγου ἐδέησαν ἐς ἅπαν ἐκριφῆναι, καὶ ὁπόσα διέστη τοίχων συνερχόμενα ἐς τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς·
The syntax is two coordinated/juxtaposed clauses: an impersonal ἔστιν + infinitive construction, then a second clause with neuter plural relative subject and participial modification; agreement is slightly irregular.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 2 σεισμοῦ | det | high | Article modifying σεισμοῦ. |
| 2 | σεισμοῦ | σεισμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 κίονας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of κίονας, likely causal ('because of the earthquake'). |
| 3 | κίονας | κίων | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὁρᾶν | obj | high | Object of ὁρᾶν. |
| 4 | ὁρᾶν | ὁράω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 ἔστιν | xcomp | high | Complement of ἔστιν. |
| 5 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate introducing infinitival construction. |
| 6 | ἀνορθουμένους | ἀνορθόω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 3 κίονας | amod | high | Participial modifier of κίονας. |
| 7 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 9 ἐδέησαν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to κίονας. |
| 8 | ὀλίγου | ὀλίγος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐδέησαν | obl | medium | Partitive/genitive with ἐδέησαν; likely adverbial sense 'nearly'. |
| 9 | ἐδέησαν | δέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 ἐκριφῆναι | advcl | high | Dependent clause with infinitive ἐκριφῆναι. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 11 ἅπαν | case | high | Preposition governing ἅπαν. |
| 11 | ἅπαν | ἅπας | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐκριφῆναι | obl | high | Part of prepositional phrase with ἐς. |
| 12 | ἐκριφῆναι | ἐκρίπτω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 9 ἐδέησαν | xcomp | high | Complement of ἐδέησαν. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 διέστη | cc | high | Links the next clause to the previous one. |
| 15 | ὁπόσα | ὅσος | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 16 διέστη | nsubj | medium | Relative/quantitative pronoun; clause structure somewhat uncertain. |
| 16 | διέστη | διαΐστημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second main clause; singular verb with neuter plural subject may reflect συλλογικό/attraction. |
| 17 | τοίχων | τοίχος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 διέστη | obl | high | Genitive dependent; likely partitive/with respect to 'walls'. |
| 18 | συνερχόμενα | συνέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 διέστη | advcl | medium | Participial clause modifying διέστη; agreement with ὁπόσα. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 20 τὸ | case | high | Preposition governing τὸ. |
| 20 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article with ἀρχῆς. |
| 21 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 22 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing ἀρχῆς. |
| 22 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 συνερχόμενα | obl | high | Prepositional phrase dependent on συνερχόμενα. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 διέστη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
δοκοὶ δέ, ὅσας ἐκτὸς ὀλισθεῖν ἐποίησεν ἡ κίνησις, ἐπανίασιν αὖθις ἐς τὰς ἕδρας·
The syntax is somewhat compressed: ὅσας ἐκτὸς ὀλισθεῖν ἐποίησεν ἡ κίνησις looks like a relative clause modifying δοκοί, with ἐπανίασιν introducing the main assertion.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δοκοὶ | δοκός | NOUN | N- - | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐπανίασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπανίασιν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 ἐπανίασιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐπανίασιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 4 | ὅσας | ὅσος | DET | Pk-paf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 δοκοὶ | amod | medium | Likely relative adjective modifying δοκοί; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 5 | ἐκτὸς | ἐκτός | ADP | R | _ | 6 ὀλισθεῖν | case | high | Functions as preposition with infinitive. |
| 6 | ὀλισθεῖν | ὀλισθαίνω | VERB | V- - | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 ἐποίησεν | xcomp | high | Complement of ἐποίησεν. |
| 7 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-3saa--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | Atfs | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 κίνησις | det | high | Article modifying κίνησις. |
| 9 | κίνησις | κίνησις | NOUN | N- - | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποίησεν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐπανίασιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἐπανίασιν | ἐπανίημι | VERB | V-3pia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἐποίησεν | conj | medium | Likely coordinated main clause after ἐποίησεν; form may reflect 3pl present indicative. |
| 12 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | Df | _ | 11 ἐπανίασιν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐπανίασιν. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 15 ἕδρας | case | high | Preposition governing τὰς ἕδρας. |
| 14 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | Atfp | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 ἕδρας | det | high | Article modifying ἕδρας. |
| 15 | ἕδρας | ἕδρα | NOUN | N- - | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἐπανίασιν | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ ὀχετῶν κατασκευῆς καὶ εἰ δή τι ἄλλο ἐπὶ ὕδατος ῥοαῖς προάγει, καὶ τούτων συνδεῖ τὰ διεσπασμένα μᾶλλον ἢ ἀνθρώπων τεκτόνων·
The syntax is somewhat compressed: προάγει and συνδεῖ are both matrix verbs, with the first taking two coordinated nominal complements and the second governing a substantivized participle plus a comparative standard phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡσαύτως | ὡσαύτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 προάγει | advmod | high | Sentence adverb: 'likewise'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 προάγει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ὀχετῶν | cc | medium | Links ὀχετῶν with κατασκευῆς. |
| 4 | ὀχετῶν | ὀχετός | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 κατασκευῆς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of κατασκευῆς. |
| 5 | κατασκευῆς | κατασκευή | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 προάγει | obj | high | Object/complement of προάγει: 'construction of conduits'. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 προάγει | cc | high | Coordinates the two objects/complements. |
| 7 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 προάγει | mark | high | Introduces conditional clause. |
| 8 | δή | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 εἰ | advmod | medium | Modal/strengthening particle with εἰ. |
| 9 | τι | τις | PRON | P---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 10 ἄλλο | det | high | Indefinite pronoun modifying ἄλλο. |
| 10 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 προάγει | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of προάγει; phrase εἰ δή τι ἄλλο 'if anything else'. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 ῥοαῖς | case | high | Takes genitive. |
| 12 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ῥοαῖς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ῥοαῖς. |
| 13 | ῥοαῖς | ῥοή | NOUN | N-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 προάγει | obl | high | Dative oblique with ἐπὶ. |
| 14 | προάγει | προάγω | VERB | V3SPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 προάγει | punct | high | Comma. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 συνδεῖ | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the first. |
| 17 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | P-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 18 συνδεῖ | obj | high | Genitive dependent of συνδεῖ, likely partitive/source-like. |
| 18 | συνδεῖ | συνδέω | VERB | V3SPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb; clause likely elliptical parallel to the first. |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-P---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 διεσπασμένα | det | high | Article modifying διεσπασμένα. |
| 20 | διεσπασμένα | διασπάω | VERB | V-RPPPAN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 18 συνδεῖ | obj | high | Substantivized participle used as object of συνδεῖ. |
| 21 | μᾶλλον | μᾶλλον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 22 ἢ | advmod | high | Modifier of comparative ἢ phrase. |
| 22 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 τεκτόνων | mark | medium | Introduces comparison; could also be viewed as conjunction. |
| 23 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 τεκτόνων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of τεκτόνων. |
| 24 | τεκτόνων | τέκτων | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 συνδεῖ | obl | medium | Comparative standard phrase 'than men-carpenters/architects'; attached as oblique complement. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 συνδεῖ | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
---ὁ δὲ δὴ δεύτερος τῶν σεισμῶν ἀπώλειάν τε τῶν ἑτοιμοτέρων φέρει καί, ἐφʼ ὅ τι ἂν βάλῃ τὴν ὁρμήν, ἀνέκλινεν αὐτίκα τοῖς ἐς πολιορκίαν μηχανήμασιν ὁμοίως.
The clause ἐφʼ ὅ τι ἂν βάλῃ τὴν ὁρμήν is syntactically compressed and could be analyzed as an oblique conditional/relative construction; token 30’s relation is also somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ὁ | punct | high | Initial dash/punctuation. |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ὁ | punct | high | Initial dash/punctuation. |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ὁ | punct | high | Initial dash/punctuation. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 δεύτερος | det | high | Article with δεύτερος. |
| 5 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 14 φέρει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 6 | δὴ | δή | PART | g-------- | _ | 7 δεύτερος | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 7 | δεύτερος | δεύτερος | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 φέρει | nsubj | high | Subject of φέρει. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 σεισμῶν | det | high | Article with σεισμῶν. |
| 9 | σεισμῶν | σεισμός | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 δεύτερος | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive modifier of δεύτερος. |
| 10 | ἀπώλειάν | ἀπώλεια | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 φέρει | obj | high | Object of φέρει. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | g-------- | _ | 10 ἀπώλειάν | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ἑτοιμοτέρων | det | high | Article with ἑτοιμοτέρων. |
| 13 | ἑτοιμοτέρων | ἑτοίμος | ADJ | a-p---ngc | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἀπώλειάν | nmod | medium | Likely partitive genitive dependent on ἀπώλειαν. |
| 14 | φέρει | φέρω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 15 | καί | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 25 ἀνέκλινεν | cc | high | Coordinates clauses. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 φέρει | punct | high | Comma. |
| 17 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | Case=Acc | 21 βάλῃ | mark | medium | Introduces a relative/conditional clause-like construction. |
| 18 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | pr-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 21 βάλῃ | obj | medium | Relative pronoun; form and syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 19 | τι | τις | PRON | pi-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 18 ὅ | compound | medium | Indefinite enclitic with ὅ. |
| 20 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | g-------- | _ | 21 βάλῃ | advmod | high | Modal particle. |
| 21 | βάλῃ | βάλλω | VERB | v3sasa--- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 25 ἀνέκλινεν | advcl | high | Subordinate clause with ἂν. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ὁρμήν | det | high | Article with ὁρμήν. |
| 23 | ὁρμήν | ὁρμή | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 βάλῃ | obj | high | Object of βάλῃ. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἀνέκλινεν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 25 | ἀνέκλινεν | ἀνακλίνω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 φέρει | conj | high | Second coordinated main verb. |
| 26 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | d-------- | _ | 25 ἀνέκλινεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀνέκλινεν. |
| 27 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---md- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 30 μηχανήμασιν | det | high | Article with μηχανήμασιν. |
| 28 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | r-------- | Case=Acc | 29 πολιορκίαν | case | high | Preposition with πολιορκίαν. |
| 29 | πολιορκίαν | πολιορκία | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 μηχανήμασιν | nmod | high | Prepositional modifier of μηχανήμασιν. |
| 30 | μηχανήμασιν | μηχάνημα | NOUN | n-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἀνέκλινεν | iobj | medium | Dative with ἀνέκλινεν; exact relation somewhat uncertain. |
| 31 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | d-------- | _ | 25 ἀνέκλινεν | advmod | high | Manner adverb. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 φέρει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |