Grammar parses for passage 7.24.10
Open translation for this passage
τοῦ σεισμοῦ κίονας ὁρᾶν ἔστιν ἀνορθουμένους οἳ ὀλίγου ἐδέησαν ἐς ἅπαν ἐκριφῆναι, καὶ ὁπόσα διέστη τοίχων συνερχόμενα ἐς τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς·
The sentence has an impersonal ἔστιν + infinitive construction; the coordinated second clause is somewhat compressed, with ὁπόσα ... συνερχόμενα describing separated wall elements returning to their original position.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 σεισμοῦ | det | high | |
| 2 | σεισμοῦ | σεισμός | NOUN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὁρᾶν | obl | high | Genitive of circumstance/time: during the earthquake. |
| 3 | κίονας | κίων | NOUN | N--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὁρᾶν | obj | high | |
| 4 | ὁρᾶν | ὁράω | VERB | V--PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 ἔστιν | csubj | high | Infinitive functioning as subject of ἔστιν. |
| 5 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V--3SPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal construction. |
| 6 | ἀνορθουμένους | ἀνορθόω | VERB | V--PMPAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 3 κίονας | acl | high | Participial modifier of κίονας. |
| 7 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 9 ἐδέησαν | nsubj | high | Relative subject referring to the columns. |
| 8 | ὀλίγου | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A--GSM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐδέησαν | obl | medium | Partitive/measure genitive in the idiom ὀλίγου ἐδέησαν, nearly. |
| 9 | ἐδέησαν | δέω | VERB | V--3P AI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 ἀνορθουμένους | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying κίονας through οἳ; form is ἐδέησαν, aorist active. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 ἐκριφῆναι | case | high | |
| 11 | ἅπαν | ἅπας | ADJ | A--ASM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐκριφῆναι | obl | high | Substantivized neuter accusative, entirely. |
| 12 | ἐκριφῆναι | ἐκρίπτω | VERB | V--APN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 9 ἐδέησαν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive with ἐδέησαν: nearly were thrown out. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐκριφῆναι | punct | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 διέστη | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause. |
| 15 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | P--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 16 διέστη | nsubj | medium | Relative/indefinite relative neuter plural subject, things that... |
| 16 | διέστη | διίστημι | VERB | V--3SAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 ἔστιν | conj | medium | Neuter plural subject with singular verb is possible in Greek; coordinates with the main assertion. |
| 17 | τοίχων | τοῖχος | NOUN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 διέστη | obl | high | Genitive of separation: gaps/separations from walls. |
| 18 | συνερχόμενα | συνέρχομαι | VERB | V--PMPNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 ὁπόσα | acl | medium | Participial modifier of ὁπόσα; subject agreement is neuter plural. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 τὸ | case | high | |
| 20 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article substantivizing the phrase τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς. |
| 21 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 22 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 συνερχόμενα | obl | high | ἐξ ἀρχῆς, back to the original state. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔστιν | punct | high |
δοκοὶ δέ, ὅσας ἐκτὸς ὀλισθεῖν ἐποίησεν ἡ κίνησις, ἐπανίασιν αὖθις ἐς τὰς ἕδρας·
The relative clause ὅσας ... ἐποίησεν describes the beams displaced outside by the motion; ἐποίησεν takes the aorist infinitive ὀλισθεῖν as its complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δοκοὶ | δοκός | NOUN | N--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἐπανίασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐπανίασιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐπανίασιν | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὅσας | ὅσος | PRON | A--APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 7 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun is the object of ἐποίησεν and refers to δοκούς. |
| 5 | ἐκτὸς | ἐκτός | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 ὀλισθεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ὀλισθεῖν | ὀλισθάνω | VERB | V--AN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἐποίησεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to ἐποίησεν. |
| 7 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V--IA3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 11 ἐπανίασιν | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 κίνησις | det | high | |
| 9 | κίνησις | κίνησις | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐπανίασιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐπανίασιν | ἐπάνειμι | VERB | V--PI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 ἐπανίασιν | advmod | high | |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ἕδρας | case | high | |
| 14 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L--APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 ἕδρας | det | high | |
| 15 | ἕδρας | ἕδρα | NOUN | N--APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἐπανίασιν | obl | high | |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐπανίασιν | punct | high |
ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ ὀχετῶν κατασκευῆς καὶ εἰ δή τι ἄλλο ἐπὶ ὕδατος ῥοαῖς προάγει, καὶ τούτων συνδεῖ τὰ διεσπασμένα μᾶλλον ἢ ἀνθρώπων τεκτόνων·
The sentence has an elliptical coordination: ὡσαύτως modifies the implied comparison with the preceding context; κατασκευή is governed by περί/κατά-like genitival continuation in context, while εἰ δή τι ἄλλο ... προάγει is an embedded indefinite relative-like condition. In the second clause, συνδεῖ takes τούτων as genitive of comparison/reference and τὰ διεσπασμένα as its object; μᾶλλον ἢ ἀνθρώπων τεκτόνων compares the efficacy with that of human craftsmen. Some attachment is context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡσαύτως | ὡσαύτως | ADV | Adverb | Degree=Pos | 18 συνδεῖ | advmod | medium | Adverbial continuation, with scope over the coordinated predication. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 18 συνδεῖ | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 ὀχετῶν | cc | high | Coordinates the genitive phrase. |
| 4 | ὀχετῶν | ὀχετός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 κατασκευῆς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on κατασκευή. |
| 5 | κατασκευῆς | κατασκευή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 συνδεῖ | obl | medium | Genitive continuation from omitted or contextually supplied governing material. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 κατασκευῆς | cc | high | Coordinates κατασκευῆς with the following εἰ-clause in the larger construction. |
| 7 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 14 προάγει | mark | high | Introduces conditional/indefinite subordinate clause. |
| 8 | δή | δή | PART | Part | _ | 9 τι | advmod | high | Emphatic particle modifying the indefinite pronoun. |
| 9 | τι | τις | PRON | P-Indef-ANS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 14 προάγει | nsubj | medium | Indefinite neuter subject of προάγει; form is ambiguous with acc. singular but nominative is required here. |
| 10 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | PRON | P-Indef-ANS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 9 τι | amod | high | Indefinite adjective agreeing with τι. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 13 ῥοαῖς | case | high | With dative, indicates relation to or operation upon water flows. |
| 12 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ῥοαῖς | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ῥοαῖς, forming ‘flows of water’. |
| 13 | ῥοαῖς | ῥοή | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 προάγει | obl | high | Dative with ἐπί. |
| 14 | προάγει | προάγω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 συνδεῖ | advcl | medium | Predicate of the εἰ-clause; subject is the indefinite τι. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 14 προάγει | punct | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 18 συνδεῖ | cc | high | Coordinates the preceding subordinate/contextual material with the main clause. |
| 17 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 18 συνδεῖ | obl | medium | Genitive of reference/source with συνδεῖ, referring to the preceding works or devices. |
| 18 | συνδεῖ | συνδέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate. |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 διεσπασμένα | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 20 | διεσπασμένα | διασπάω | VERB | V-RMP-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 18 συνδεῖ | obj | high | Perfect passive participle substantivized with τὰ, object of συνδεῖ. |
| 21 | μᾶλλον | μᾶλλον | ADV | Adverb | Degree=Cmp | 18 συνδεῖ | advmod | high | Comparative adverb modifying συνδεῖ. |
| 22 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 24 τεκτόνων | cc | high | Introduces the comparative standard. |
| 23 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 τεκτόνων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τεκτόνων. |
| 24 | τεκτόνων | τέκτων | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 μᾶλλον | obl | medium | Comparative standard after μᾶλλον ἤ, with ἄνθρωποι as its dependent. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 18 συνδεῖ | punct | high |
---ὁ δὲ δὴ δεύτερος τῶν σεισμῶν ἀπώλειάν τε τῶν ἑτοιμοτέρων φέρει καί, ἐφʼ ὅ τι ἂν βάλῃ τὴν ὁρμήν, ἀνέκλινεν αὐτίκα τοῖς ἐς πολιορκίαν μηχανήμασιν ὁμοίως.
The sentence has two coordinated predicates (φέρει, ἀνέκλινεν) with σεισμῶν as the genitive dependent on ὁ δεύτερος; ἐφʼ ὅ τι ἂν βάλῃ is a conditional relative clause, and τοῖς μηχανήμασιν is the instrumental dative with ἀνέκλινεν. The opening hyphens are treated as punctuation tokens.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 0 ROOT | punct | high | |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 0 ROOT | punct | high | |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 0 ROOT | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 δεύτερος | det | high | |
| 5 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 φέρει | cc | high | Postpositive adversative/continuative particle. |
| 6 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 7 δεύτερος | discourse | high | |
| 7 | δεύτερος | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 φέρει | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the second’. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 σεισμῶν | det | high | |
| 9 | σεισμῶν | σεισμός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 δεύτερος | nmod | high | Partitive/ordinal genitive. |
| 10 | ἀπώλειάν | ἀπώλεια | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 φέρει | obj | high | |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἀπώλειάν | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ἑτοιμοτέρων | det | high | |
| 13 | ἑτοιμοτέρων | ἕτοιμος | ADJ | A-GPF-C | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἀπώλειάν | nmod | medium | Substantivized comparative adjective; understood feminine noun such as ‘prepared/weak [things or places]’. |
| 14 | φέρει | φέρω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Coordinating second predicate ἀνέκλινεν is attached below. |
| 15 | καί | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 ἀνέκλινεν | cc | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 βάλῃ | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 ὅ | case | high | Elided form before the relative phrase. |
| 18 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 21 βάλῃ | obl | medium | With τι, forms the indefinite relative phrase ἐφʼ ὅ τι. |
| 19 | τι | τις | PRON | P-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 18 ὅ | fixed | medium | Indefinite particle/pronoun in the phrase ὅ τι; surface case is traditionally variable/uncertain here. |
| 20 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | X-------- | _ | 21 βάλῃ | advmod | high | Modal particle marking the indefinite subjunctive construction. |
| 21 | βάλῃ | βάλλω | VERB | V-AAS-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 25 ἀνέκλινεν | advcl | high | Indefinite relative/conditional clause. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ὁρμήν | det | high | |
| 23 | ὁρμήν | ὁρμή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 βάλῃ | obj | high | |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 βάλῃ | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἀνέκλινεν | ἀνακλίνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 φέρει | conj | high | Coordinated predicate with φέρει. |
| 26 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 25 ἀνέκλινεν | advmod | high | |
| 27 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 30 μηχανήμασιν | det | high | |
| 28 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 πολιορκίαν | case | high | Attic/Ionic form of εἰς. |
| 29 | πολιορκίαν | πολιορκία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 μηχανήμασιν | nmod | high | Purpose/domain complement within the compound nominal. |
| 30 | μηχανήμασιν | μηχάνημα | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἀνέκλινεν | obl | high | Instrumental dative: ‘with siege engines’. |
| 31 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 25 ἀνέκλινεν | advmod | high | |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 φέρει | punct | high |