Grammar parses for passage 7.24.11
Open translation for this passage
τὸν δὲ αὐτῶν ὀλεθριώτατον τοιῷδέ τινι ἐθέλουσιν εἰκάζειν, τὸ ἐντὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου πνεῦμα εἰ συνεχεῖ πυρετῷ πυκνότερόν τε καὶ ὑπὸ πολλῆς ἄνω τῆς βίας ὠθοῖτο ·
The clause beginning τὸ ἐντὸς ... is an accusative comparison/explanatory construction dependent on εἰκάζειν; the attachment of the comparative πυκνότερον is elliptical and therefore marked medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὀλεθριώτατον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐθέλουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὀλεθριώτατον | nmod:poss | high | |
| 4 | ὀλεθριώτατον | ὀλέθριος | ADJ | A-SMS | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἰκάζειν | obj | medium | Superlative adjective substantivized; object of εἰκάζειν. |
| 5 | τοιῷδέ | τοιόσδε | DET | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 τινι | det | high | |
| 6 | τινι | τις | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἰκάζειν | obl | medium | Dative of comparison or means with εἰκάζειν. |
| 7 | ἐθέλουσιν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | εἰκάζειν | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἐθέλουσιν | xcomp | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐθέλουσιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 πνεῦμα | det | high | |
| 11 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 ἀνθρώπου | case | high | Preposition governing τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀνθρώπου | det | high | |
| 13 | ἀνθρώπου | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 πνεῦμα | nmod | high | |
| 14 | πνεῦμα | πνεῦμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 ὠθοῖτο | nsubj | high | Subject of the conditional passive optative. |
| 15 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 ὠθοῖτο | mark | high | |
| 16 | συνεχεῖ | συνεχής | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 πυρετῷ | amod | medium | Probably modifying πυρετῷ; contracted/variant form can be interpreted adjectivally. |
| 17 | πυρετῷ | πυρετός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ὠθοῖτο | obl | high | Dative with ὠθοῖτο, indicating circumstance/condition. |
| 18 | πυκνότερόν | πυκνός | ADJ | A-ASN-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 πνεῦμα | advmod | medium | Comparative predicative adjective, agreeing with πνεῦμα; exact attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 πυκνότερόν | cc | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 ἄνω | cc | medium | Coordinates the adverbial/degree expression with ἄνω. |
| 21 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 βίας | case | high | Agent/source preposition with genitive βίας. |
| 22 | πολλῆς | πολύς | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 βίας | amod | high | |
| 23 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 26 ὠθοῖτο | advmod | medium | Adverb modifying the force/direction of ὠθοῖτο; καί coordinates it with the preceding degree expression. |
| 24 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 βίας | det | high | |
| 25 | βίας | βία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ὠθοῖτο | obl:agent | high | Genitive complement of ὑπό. |
| 26 | ὠθοῖτο | ὠθέω | VERB | V-PAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 8 εἰκάζειν | ccomp | medium | Conditional optative under εἰ, dependent on the implied comparison introduced by εἰκάζειν. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐθέλουσιν | punct | high |
τοῦτο δὲ ἀλλαχοῦ τε τοῦ σώματος ἐπισημαίνει καὶ ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν ὑπὸ ἑκάτερον μάλιστα τὸν καρπόν.
The subject of ἐπισημαίνει is the demonstrative τοῦτο; τε coordinates ἀλλαχοῦ with the following ἐν-phrase. ὑπό with accusative expresses location beneath each wrist, while μάλιστα modifies the locative phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 ἐπισημαίνει | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐπισημαίνει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀλλαχοῦ | ἄλλοθι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἐπισημαίνει | advmod | high | Locative adverb, ‘elsewhere/on another part’. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἀλλαχοῦ | cc | high | Correlative coordinator with καί. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 σώματος | det | high | |
| 6 | σώματος | σῶμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἀλλαχοῦ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the locative adverbial expression. |
| 7 | ἐπισημαίνει | ἐπισημαίνω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐπισημαίνει | cc | high | Coordinates the second locative complement. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 χερσὶν | case | high | |
| 10 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 χερσὶν | det | high | |
| 11 | χερσὶν | χείρ | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπισημαίνει | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 ἑκάτερον | case | high | Here with accusative, indicating position beneath. |
| 13 | ἑκάτερον | ἑκάτερος | DET | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 16 καρπόν | det | medium | Accusative masculine singular modifying καρπόν; substantival/elliptical interpretation is possible. |
| 14 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἑκάτερον | advmod | high | Superlative adverb, emphasizing the location. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 καρπόν | det | high | |
| 16 | καρπόν | καρπός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 χερσὶν | obl | high | Object of ὑπό in the locative phrase; semantically ‘wrist’. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπισημαίνει | punct | high |
κατὰ ταὐτὰ οὖν καὶ τὸν σεισμὸν εἴτʼ εὐθὺ ὑποδύεσθαι τῶν οἰκοδομημάτων καὶ θεμέλια ἀναπάλλειν φασὶν αὐτόν, καθότι καὶ τὰ ἔργα τῶν σφαλάκων ἐκ μυχοῦ τῆς γῆς ἀναπέμπεται·
The construction has φασίν as the matrix verb with an accusative-and-infinitive report: τὸν σεισμόν is the infinitival subject, with ὑποδύεσθαι and ἀναπάλλειν coordinated. εἴτʼ introduces an alternative/uncertain first infinitival description; καθότι introduces the explanatory clause. The syntax of εὐθύ is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 2 ταὐτὰ | case | high | |
| 2 | ταὐτὰ | ὁ αὐτός | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ὑποδύεσθαι | advmod | medium | Crasis ταὐτά = τὰ αὐτά; idiomatic adverbial ‘in the same way’. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | PART | _ | 15 φασὶν | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἀναπάλλειν | cc | high | |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 σεισμὸν | det | high | |
| 6 | σεισμὸν | σεισμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὑποδύεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitival construction. |
| 7 | εἴτʼ | εἴτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ὑποδύεσθαι | mark | medium | Elided εἴτε; coordination/alternative marking is syntactically compressed. |
| 8 | εὐθὺ | εὐθύς | ADV | ADV | _ | 9 ὑποδύεσθαι | advmod | medium | Adverbial form, probably ‘straightway/directly’. |
| 9 | ὑποδύεσθαι | ὑποδύω | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 15 φασὶν | ccomp | high | First infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 οἰκοδομημάτων | det | high | |
| 11 | οἰκοδομημάτων | οἰκοδόμημα | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ὑποδύεσθαι | obl | high | Genitive complement with ὑποδύεσθαι, ‘beneath the buildings’. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἀναπάλλειν | cc | high | |
| 13 | θεμέλια | θεμέλιος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἀναπάλλειν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀναπάλλειν. |
| 14 | ἀναπάλλειν | ἀναπάλλω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ὑποδύεσθαι | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive; shares the accusative subject σεισμόν. |
| 15 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 ἀναπάλλειν | obj | medium | Likely refers to the earthquake and is the object of ἀναπάλλειν; possibly resumptive/emphatic. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 φασὶν | punct | high | |
| 18 | καθότι | καθότι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἀναπέμπεται | mark | high | Introduces explanatory clause. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἔργα | advmod | medium | Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’. |
| 20 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἔργα | det | high | |
| 21 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 ἀναπέμπεται | nsubj:pass | high | Accusative-form neuter plural subject of the passive verb. |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 σφαλάκων | det | high | |
| 23 | σφαλάκων | σφαλάξ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἔργα | nmod | low | Rare/uncertain noun; parsed as a genitive dependent on ἔργα. |
| 24 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 25 μυχοῦ | case | high | |
| 25 | μυχοῦ | μυχός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἀναπέμπεται | obl | high | Source/location phrase, ‘from the recess/interior’. |
| 26 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 γῆς | det | high | |
| 27 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 μυχοῦ | nmod | high | Dependent genitive, ‘of the earth’. |
| 28 | ἀναπέμπεται | ἀναπέμπω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 15 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Explanatory finite clause coordinated semantically with the reported content. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 φασὶν | punct | high |
μόνη τε ἡ τοιαύτη κίνησις οὐδὲ τοῦ οἰκισθῆναί ποτε ὑπολείπει σημεῖα ἐν τῇ γῇ.
The articular infinitive τοῦ οἰκισθῆναί is an infinitival nominalization meaning ‘of ever being settled’; its exact attachment is somewhat ambiguous, but it is analyzed as a clausal complement associated with σημεῖα and coordinated under οὐδέ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μόνη | μόνος | ADJ | A--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κίνησις | amod | high | Predicative/attributive adjective agreeing with κίνησις. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 μόνη | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 τοιαύτη | det | high | |
| 4 | τοιαύτη | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κίνησις | amod | high | Demonstrative-like adjective modifying κίνησις. |
| 5 | κίνησις | κίνησις | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὑπολείπει | nsubj | high | Subject of ὑπολείπει. |
| 6 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Neg | 10 ὑπολείπει | cc | medium | Negative coordinator/adverbial connective; scope is over the clause. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 οἰκισθῆναί | mark | medium | Article introducing the articular infinitive; gender/number are inherited from the infinitival nominalization. |
| 8 | οἰκισθῆναί | οἰκίζω | VERB | V---INF-AP | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 10 ὑπολείπει | xcomp | medium | Articular passive aorist infinitive, governed semantically by σημεῖα; οὐδὲ contributes negative coordination. |
| 9 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | D--------- | PronType=Ind | 8 οἰκισθῆναί | advmod | high | Indefinite temporal adverb, ‘ever/sometime’. |
| 10 | ὑπολείπει | ὑπολείπω | VERB | V-PAI-3-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | σημεῖα | σημεῖον | NOUN | N--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ὑπολείπει | obj | high | Direct object of ὑπολείπει; also controls the infinitival notion of being settled. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P--------- | _ | 14 γῇ | case | high | |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 γῇ | det | high | |
| 14 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 σημεῖα | obl | high | Locative oblique complement of σημεῖα/ὑπολείπει: traces in the earth. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὑπολείπει | punct | high |