Grammar parses for passage 7.24.9
Open translation for this passage
---τῆς δὲ κινήσεως αὐτῆς καθέστηκεν οὐχ εἷς τρόπος, ἀλλʼ οἱ φροντίσαντες τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ οἱ παρʼ ἐκείνων διδαχθέντες ἰδέας καταμαθεῖν ἐδυνήθησαν τοσάσδε ἐπὶ τοῖς σεισμοῖς.
The sentence contrasts a single mode of movement with the many varieties that investigators and their pupils were able to learn; καθέστηκεν is interpreted existentially/statively, and δύναμαι retains passive morphology with deponent meaning.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 καθέστηκεν | punct | high | |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 καθέστηκεν | punct | high | |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 καθέστηκεν | punct | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 κινήσεως | det | high | |
| 5 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 καθέστηκεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 6 | κινήσεως | κίνησις | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 καθέστηκεν | nsubj | high | Genitive subject with καθέστηκεν in the sense 'there is/stands'. |
| 7 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 6 κινήσεως | nmod | high | Intensive/possessive genitive modifying κινήσεως. |
| 8 | καθέστηκεν | καθίστημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect καθέστηκεν is existential/stative here: 'there is/stands'. |
| 9 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | _ | Polarity=Neg | 10 εἷς | advmod | high | |
| 10 | εἷς | εἷς | NUM | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Sing | 11 τρόπος | amod | high | Cardinal used adjectivally. |
| 11 | τρόπος | τρόπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 καθέστηκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of the existential/stative clause. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 καθέστηκεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἀλλʼ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 ἐδυνήθησαν | cc | high | Introduces the contrasting subject and predicate. |
| 14 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 φροντίσαντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 15 | φροντίσαντες | φροντίζω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 ἐδυνήθησαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized aorist participle. |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 τοιαῦτα | det | high | |
| 17 | τοιαῦτα | τοιοῦτος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 15 φροντίσαντες | obj | high | Substantivized demonstrative adjective, 'such matters'. |
| 18 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 19 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 19 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 φροντίσαντες | obl | high | Temporal/source adjunct: 'from the beginning'. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 οἱ | cc | high | Coordinates the two substantivized participial subjects. |
| 21 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 διδαχθέντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 22 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 23 ἐκείνων | case | high | |
| 23 | ἐκείνων | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 24 διδαχθέντες | obl | high | With παρά, 'from those men'. |
| 24 | διδαχθέντες | διδάσκω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 27 ἐδυνήθησαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized passive participle, coordinated with φροντίσαντες. |
| 25 | ἰδέας | ἰδέα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 καταμαθεῖν | obj | high | Object of καταμαθεῖν. |
| 26 | καταμαθεῖν | καταμανθάνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 24 διδαχθέντες | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on διδαχθέντες. |
| 27 | ἐδυνήθησαν | δύναμαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 8 καθέστηκεν | conj | high | Finite verb of the ἀλλά clause; passive morphology with middle/deponent meaning. |
| 28 | τοσάσδε | τοσόσδε | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 ἰδέας | amod | medium | Accusative feminine plural agreeing with ἰδέας; quantity is semantically elliptical ('so many [kinds]'). |
| 29 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 31 σεισμοῖς | case | high | |
| 30 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 σεισμοῖς | det | high | |
| 31 | σεισμοῖς | σεισμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐδυνήθησαν | obl | high | With ἐπί, 'in/on the subject of earthquakes'. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 καθέστηκεν | punct | high |
ἠπιώτατος μέν ἐστιν αὐτῶν, ἢν δὴ ἐν κακῷ γε τοσούτῳ ῥᾳστώνην ἐνεῖναί τινα ἡγησώμεθα, ἐπειδὰν ὁμοῦ τῇ κινήσει τῇ ἀρξαμένῃ τὸ πρῶτον καὶ τῇ ἐς τὸ ἔδαφος τροπῇ τῶν οἰκοδομημάτων ἀντιστᾶσα ἐναντία κίνησις ἐξεγείρῃ τὰ ἤδη τραπέντα,
The sentence has a copular main clause with ἠπιώτατος as predicate; ἢν introduces a conditional clause with ἡγησώμεθα governing an infinitival construction. ἐπειδάν introduces a temporal subjunctive clause whose subject is κίνησις, modified by ἀντιστᾶσα and ἐναντία, and whose object is τὰ ἤδη τραπέντα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἠπιώτατος | ἤπιος | ADJ | A-S--MN-SUP | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with copular ἐστιν. |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | G--- | _ | 3 ἐστιν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-G--M-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 1 ἠπιώτατος | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with superlative. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἡγησώμεθα | mark | high | Conditional conjunction, with movable ν. |
| 7 | δὴ | δή | PART | G--- | _ | 15 ἡγησώμεθα | discourse | high | |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 κακῷ | case | high | |
| 9 | κακῷ | κακός | NOUN | A-S--ND-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ῥᾳστώνην | obl | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 10 | γε | γε | PART | G--- | _ | 9 κακῷ | discourse | high | |
| 11 | τοσούτῳ | τοσοῦτος | DET | A-S--ND-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 κακῷ | det | high | Modifies substantivized κακῷ. |
| 12 | ῥᾳστώνην | ῥᾳστώνη | NOUN | N-S--FA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐνεῖναί | obj | high | Object of ἐνεῖναι. |
| 13 | ἐνεῖναί | ἔνειμι | VERB | V--PAN---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἡγησώμεθα | xcomp | medium | Infinitive governed by ἡγησώμεθα; spelling represents ἐνεῖναι. |
| 14 | τινα | τις | PRON | P-S--MA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 13 ἐνεῖναί | expl | medium | Likely indefinite subject of the infinitive, with understood or generic referent. |
| 15 | ἡγησώμεθα | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-AMS-1P | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 3 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Aorist middle deliberative/conditional subjunctive. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἡγησώμεθα | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἐπειδὰν | ἐπειδάν | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 36 ἐξεγείρῃ | mark | high | Temporal conjunction governing subjunctive. |
| 18 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 36 ἐξεγείρῃ | advmod | high | Temporal/coincident adverbial modifier. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-SF-D--S | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 κινήσει | det | high | |
| 20 | κινήσει | κίνησις | NOUN | N-S--FD-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἐξεγείρῃ | obl | high | Dative of accompaniment/concomitance with ὁμοῦ. |
| 21 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-SF-D--S | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἀρξαμένῃ | det | high | |
| 22 | ἀρξαμένῃ | ἄρχομαι | VERB | V-AMP-FD-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 20 κινήσει | acl | high | Agrees with κινήσει. |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-SN-A--S | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 πρῶτον | det | high | |
| 24 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A-S--NA-SUP | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἀρξαμένῃ | advmod | medium | Adverbialized accusative phrase τὸ πρῶτον, ‘at first’. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 30 τροπῇ | cc | high | Coordinates the two dative circumstances. |
| 26 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-SF-D--S | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 τροπῇ | det | high | |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 ἔδαφος | case | high | |
| 28 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-SN-A--S | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ἔδαφος | det | high | |
| 29 | ἔδαφος | ἔδαφος | NOUN | N-S--NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 τροπῇ | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 30 | τροπῇ | τροπή | NOUN | N-S--FD-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἐξεγείρῃ | obl | high | Second coordinated dative circumstance. |
| 31 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-P--G--P | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 32 οἰκοδομημάτων | det | high | |
| 32 | οἰκοδομημάτων | οἰκοδόμημα | NOUN | N-P--NG-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 τροπῇ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τροπῇ. |
| 33 | ἀντιστᾶσα | ἀνθίστημι | VERB | V-APA-FN-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 κίνησις | acl | high | Agrees with κίνησις; circumstantial participle. |
| 34 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-S--FN-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 κίνησις | amod | high | Agrees with κίνησις. |
| 35 | κίνησις | κίνησις | NOUN | N-S--FN-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἐξεγείρῃ | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐξεγείρῃ. |
| 36 | ἐξεγείρῃ | ἐξεγείρω | VERB | V-APS-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 ἡγησώμεθα | advcl | high | Aorist subjunctive governed by ἐπειδάν. |
| 37 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-P--NA-P | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 39 τραπέντα | det | high | |
| 38 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 39 τραπέντα | advmod | high | |
| 39 | τραπέντα | τρέπω | VERB | V-APP-NP-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 36 ἐξεγείρῃ | obj | high | Substantivized participle, object of ἐξεγείρῃ. |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 ἐξεγείρῃ | punct | high |
---καὶ ἐν τῇ τοιᾷδε ἰδέᾳ
The fragment is syntactically incomplete; καὶ is treated as the root, with ἐν τῇ τοιᾷδε ἰδέᾳ as an oblique prepositional phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 καὶ | punct | high | Passage delimiter. |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 καὶ | punct | high | Passage delimiter. |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 καὶ | punct | high | Passage delimiter. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 0 ROOT | root | high | Coordinating conjunction; the continuation is elliptical. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 8 ἰδέᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative phrase. |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἰδέᾳ | det | high | Feminine singular dative article. |
| 7 | τοιᾷδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἰδέᾳ | amod | high | Feminine singular dative demonstrative adjective modifying ἰδέᾳ. |
| 8 | ἰδέᾳ | ἰδέα | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 καὶ | obl | medium | Dative object of ἐν; syntactic attachment to the preceding elliptical/coordinated predicate is context-dependent. |