Grammar parses for passage 7.24.8
Open translation for this passage
τῶν τε ὑδάτων ὡς τὸ πολὺ ἐπιλείπουσιν αἱ πηγαί, καὶ ἀνέμων ἔστιν οἷς ἐνέπεσον ἐς τὴν χώραν ἐμβολαὶ περιτρέπουσαι τὰ δένδρα,
The first clause has τῶν ὑδάτων as a genitive of respect/topic with ὡς τὸ πολύ; in the second, ἔστιν οἷς introduces winds by which the subject ἐμβολαί fell upon the land, with περιτρέπουσαι modifying ἐμβολαί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GPN- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ὑδάτων | det | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ὑδάτων | cc | high | Correlative/additive τε. |
| 3 | ὑδάτων | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-----GN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπιλείπουσιν | obl | medium | Genitive of respect/topic with ἐπιλείπουσιν. |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 πολὺ | advmod | high | |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πολὺ | det | high | |
| 6 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπιλείπουσιν | advmod | high | Substantivized phrase ὡς τὸ πολύ, ‘for the most part’. |
| 7 | ἐπιλείπουσιν | ἐπιλείπω | VERB | V- PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T---NFN- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 πηγαί | det | high | |
| 9 | πηγαί | πηγή | NOUN | N-----FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπιλείπουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπιλείπουσιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἔστιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 12 | ἀνέμων | ἄνεμος | NOUN | N-----GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἔστιν | obl | medium | Genitive of relation/partitive with ἔστιν. |
| 13 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V- PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἐπιλείπουσιν | conj | high | Existential/presentational clause. |
| 14 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | P--PDPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 15 ἐνέπεσον | obl | medium | Relative dative, ‘by/with which [winds]’; antecedent ἀνέμων. |
| 15 | ἐνέπεσον | ἐμπίπτω | VERB | V-AIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 13 ἔστιν | ccomp | medium | Subject is postposed ἐμβολαί; relative clause-like complement of existential ἔστιν. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 χώραν | case | high | |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 χώραν | det | high | |
| 18 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-----FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐνέπεσον | obl | high | |
| 19 | ἐμβολαὶ | ἐμβολή | NOUN | N-----FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἐνέπεσον | nsubj | high | Postposed subject of ἐνέπεσον. |
| 20 | περιτρέπουσαι | περιτρέπω | VERB | V-PAP-NFN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 ἐμβολαὶ | acl | high | Participial modifier of ἐμβολαί. |
| 21 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 δένδρα | det | high | |
| 22 | δένδρα | δένδρον | NOUN | N-----AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 περιτρέπουσαι | obj | high | |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔστιν | punct | high |
καί που καὶ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ διαδρομαὶ σὺν πολλῇ τῇ φλογί, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἀστέρων ὤφθη σχήματα οὔτε ἐγνωσμένα ὑπὸ τῶν πρότερον καὶ μεγάλην τοῖς ὁρῶσιν ἐμποιοῦντα ἔκπληξιν,
The sentence is an elliptical continuation: διαδρομαί and σχήματα are coordinated nominal subjects/predicative descriptions, with ὤφθη governing σχήματα and participles modifying σχήματα; καί before μεγάλην coordinates a further participial description. The attachment of τὰ and the exact scope of οὔτε are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 διαδρομαὶ | cc | high | |
| 2 | που | που | ADV | _ | _ | 7 διαδρομαὶ | advmod | high | Indefinite/adverbial particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 διαδρομαὶ | cc | medium | Second connective καί; coordination is elliptical. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 6 οὐρανῷ | case | high | |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-dsm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 οὐρανῷ | det | high | |
| 6 | οὐρανῷ | οὐρανός | NOUN | N-dsm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 διαδρομαὶ | obl | high | |
| 7 | διαδρομαὶ | διαδρομή | NOUN | N-pfn | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ὤφθη | nsubj | medium | Likely coordinated subject in an elliptical clause. |
| 8 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | _ | _ | 11 φλογί | case | high | |
| 9 | πολλῇ | πολύς | ADJ | A-dsf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 φλογί | amod | high | |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-dsf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 φλογί | det | high | |
| 11 | φλογί | φλόξ | NOUN | N-dsf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 διαδρομαὶ | obl | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 διαδρομαὶ | punct | high | |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-npn | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 σχήματα | det | medium | Could be article with substantivized/elliptical neuter material; parsed with σχήματα. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 σχήματα | cc | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 σχήματα | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἀστέρων | ἀστήρ | NOUN | N-gpm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 σχήματα | nmod | high | |
| 17 | ὤφθη | ὁράω | VERB | V-3saaind | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist passive, ‘was seen’; singular with neuter plural subject by standard Greek usage. |
| 18 | σχήματα | σχῆμα | NOUN | N-npn | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ὤφθη | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἐγνωσμένα | cc | high | Correlative negative coordinator. |
| 20 | ἐγνωσμένα | γιγνώσκω | VERB | V-pnpm | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 18 σχήματα | amod | high | Perfect passive participle modifying σχήματα. |
| 21 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 22 τῶν | case | high | |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-gpm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 πρότερον | det | high | |
| 23 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | _ | _ | 20 ἐγνωσμένα | obl | medium | Substantivized/elliptical ‘those formerly [living/mentioned]’; article is retained as dependent. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 28 ἐμποιοῦντα | cc | high | |
| 25 | μεγάλην | μέγας | ADJ | A-asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἔκπληξιν | amod | high | |
| 26 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-dpm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ὁρῶσιν | det | high | |
| 27 | ὁρῶσιν | ὁράω | VERB | V-papdmp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 ἐμποιοῦντα | iobj | high | Substantivized dative participle, ‘for those seeing’. |
| 28 | ἐμποιοῦντα | ἐμποιέω | VERB | V-papafsn | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 σχήματα | acl | medium | Accusative feminine singular participle, agreeing with an implicit/elliptical feminine antecedent such as ἔκπληξιν; attachment is uncertain. |
| 29 | ἔκπληξιν | ἔκπληξις | NOUN | N-asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἐμποιοῦντα | obj | high | |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ὤφθη | punct | high |
ἔτι δὲ καὶ τῆς γῆς κάτω πνευμάτων ὑπήχησις ἰσχυρά, ἄλλα τε πολλὰ ὁ θεὸς ἐπὶ τοῖς βιαίοις τῶν σεισμῶν ἐθέλει προενδείκνυσθαι·
Elliptical clause: ὑπήχησις is the nominal predicate/subject of an implied ἐστίν; ἄλλα πολλὰ is the object of προενδείκνυσθαι, with ὁ θεός as subject of ἐθέλει. ἐπὶ τοῖς βιαίοις τῶν σεισμῶν is construed as the domain/circumstance of the indication.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | Adverb | _ | 8 ὑπήχησις | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ὑπήχησις | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | Adverb | _ | 8 ὑπήχησις | advmod | high | Scalar/additive καί. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T- GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 γῆς | det | high | |
| 5 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N- GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 κάτω | obl | medium | Genitive with κάτω, spatially ‘below the earth’. |
| 6 | κάτω | κάτω | ADV | Adverb | _ | 8 ὑπήχησις | advmod | high | |
| 7 | πνευμάτων | πνεῦμα | NOUN | N- GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ὑπήχησις | nmod | high | Dependent genitive: sound/echo of spirits or blasts. |
| 8 | ὑπήχησις | ὑπήχησις | NOUN | N- NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Nominal clause with implied ἐστίν. |
| 9 | ἰσχυρά | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A- NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ὑπήχησις | amod | high | Predicate adjective with omitted copula. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὑπήχησις | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A- NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 προενδείκνυσθαι | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural. |
| 12 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 13 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A- NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἄλλα | amod | high | |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T- NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 θεὸς | det | high | |
| 15 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | N- NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐθέλει | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 βιαίοις | case | high | With dative. |
| 17 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T- DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 βιαίοις | det | high | |
| 18 | βιαίοις | βίαιος | ADJ | A- DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἐθέλει | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘violent events/things’; ἐπί phrase marks circumstance or domain. |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 σεισμῶν | det | high | |
| 20 | σεισμῶν | σεισμός | NOUN | N- GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 βιαίοις | nmod | high | |
| 21 | ἐθέλει | ἐθέλω | VERB | V- PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ὑπήχησις | conj | high | Coordinates with the preceding nominal clause. |
| 22 | προενδείκνυσθαι | προενδείκνυμι | VERB | V- PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 21 ἐθέλει | xcomp | high | |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐθέλει | punct | high |