Grammar parses for passage 7.25.1
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἱκεσίου μήνιμα πάρεστι μὲν τοῖς ἐς τὴν Ἑλίκην, πάρεστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλοις διδαχθῆναι πολλοῖς ὡς ἔστιν ἀπαραίτητον.
The sentence coordinates two πάρεστι clauses: the first is 'is present/available to those going to Helice,' and the second takes διδαχθῆναι with ἄλλοις πολλοῖς as its dative participant; ὡς introduces the content clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | article acc sg neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 μήνιμα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 6 πάρεστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | article gen sg masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἱκεσίου | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἱκεσίου | Ἱκέσιος | PROPN | proper noun gen sg masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μήνιμα | nmod | high | Epithet/name in the genitive. |
| 5 | μήνιμα | μήνιμα | NOUN | noun nom sg neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πάρεστι | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | πάρεστι | πάρειμι | VERB | pres ind act 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | particle | _ | 6 πάρεστι | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with later δέ. |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | article dat pl masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Ἑλίκην | det | high | |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | preposition | _ | 11 Ἑλίκην | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | article acc sg fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Ἑλίκην | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἑλίκην | Ἑλίκη | PROPN | proper noun acc sg fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πάρεστι | obl | high | Destination phrase governed by ἐς. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πάρεστι | punct | high | |
| 13 | πάρεστι | πάρειμι | VERB | pres ind act 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 πάρεστι | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate, with shared subject μήνιμα. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 13 πάρεστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | conj | _ | 16 ἄλλοις | cc | high | Coordinates the dative complement. |
| 16 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | adj dat pl masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 πάρεστι | obl | high | Substantival dative: for/to others. |
| 17 | διδαχθῆναι | διδάσκω | VERB | aor pass inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 13 πάρεστι | xcomp | medium | Infinitive complement of πάρεστι: 'is possible/available to be learned'; implicit experiencer overlaps with ἄλλοις. |
| 18 | πολλοῖς | πολύς | ADJ | adj dat pl masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἄλλοις | amod | high | |
| 19 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | subordinator | _ | 20 ἔστιν | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 20 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | pres ind act 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 διδαχθῆναι | ccomp | high | Content clause dependent on διδαχθῆναι. |
| 21 | ἀπαραίτητον | ἀπαραίτητος | ADJ | adj nom sg neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἔστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with neuter singular ἔστιν; understood subject is the content learned. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πάρεστι | punct | high |
φαίνεται δὲ καὶ ὁ θεὸς παραινῶν ὁ ἐν Δωδώνῃ νέμειν ἐς ἱκέτας αἰδῶ.
The impersonal φαίνεται takes παραινῶν as a predicative participle with θεός as its understood/associated subject; ὁ ἐν Δωδώνῃ identifies the god. νέμειν is a complementary infinitive, with αἰδῶ as its object and ἐς ἱκέτας marking its intended recipients. The construction is somewhat elliptical, so the attachment of παραινῶν is marked medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φαίνεται | φαίνομαι | VERB | V- Pres Ind mp 3 Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal or semi-impersonal main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Ptcl | _ | 1 φαίνεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | Adv | _ | 6 παραινῶν | advmod | high | Adds emphasis to the participial clause. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Sg-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 θεὸς | det | high | |
| 5 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | N-Nom-Sg-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παραινῶν | nsubj | medium | Subject/associated subject of the participle παραινῶν. |
| 6 | παραινῶν | παραινέω | VERB | V- Pres Act Ptcp Nom Sg M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 φαίνεται | advcl | medium | Predicative circumstantial participle, linked to φαίνεται; possibly analyzed as a participial complement. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Sg-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐν | det | high | Article introducing the identifying relative-like phrase. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 9 Δωδώνῃ | case | high | |
| 9 | Δωδώνῃ | Δωδώνη | PROPN | N-Dat-Sg-F | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 θεὸς | nmod | high | Locative modifier identifying the god; article ὁ is treated as part of the nominal phrase. |
| 10 | νέμειν | νέμω | VERB | V- Pres Act Inf | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 παραινῶν | xcomp | medium | Complementary infinitive dependent on παραινῶν. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 12 ἱκέτας | case | high | Directional preposition. |
| 12 | ἱκέτας | ἱκέτης | NOUN | N-Acc-Pl-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 νέμειν | obl | high | Recipient/goal complement of νέμειν, governed by ἐς. |
| 13 | αἰδῶ | αἰδώς | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg-F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 νέμειν | obj | high | Object of νέμειν. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 1 φαίνεται | punct | high |
Ἀθηναίοις γὰρ ἐπὶ ἡλικίας μάλιστα τῆς Ἀφείδαντος ἀφίκετο παρὰ τοῦ ἐν Δωδώνῃ Διὸς τὰ ἔπη τάδε.
The temporal phrase ἐπὶ ἡλικίας τῆς Ἀφείδαντος is analyzed as an oblique time expression; παρὰ τοῦ ἐν Δωδώνῃ Διός marks the divine source of the transmitted words.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N- DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀφίκετο | iobj | high | Dative recipient/affected party. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G | _ | 8 ἀφίκετο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 4 ἡλικίας | case | high | With genitive, marking the period during which. |
| 4 | ἡλικίας | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Temporal genitive with ἐπί. |
| 5 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | Degree=Sup | 4 ἡλικίας | advmod | high | Modifies the temporal expression. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Ἀφείδαντος | det | high | Article with the personal name. |
| 7 | Ἀφείδαντος | Ἀφείδας | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἡλικίας | nmod | high | Genitive name specifying the age/period. |
| 8 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-3ADI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle predicate, ‘came/arrived’. |
| 9 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 13 Διὸς | case | high | With genitive, marking source. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Διὸς | det | high | Article substantivizing/specifying Διός. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 12 Δωδώνῃ | case | high | Introduces the locative phrase. |
| 12 | Δωδώνῃ | Δωδώνη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Διὸς | nmod | high | Place name dependent on Διός via the ἐν phrase. |
| 13 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἔπη | nmod | high | Genitive source noun, ‘of Zeus’; irregular lemma Ζεύς. |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἔπη | det | high | Article agreeing with ἔπη. |
| 15 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἀφίκετο | obj | high | Object of ἀφίκετο: the words/oracle arrived. |
| 16 | τάδε | ὅδε | PRON | D-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 15 ἔπη | amod | high | Demonstrative agreeing with ἔπη. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
φράζεο δʼ Ἄρειόν τε πάγον βωμούς τε θυώδεις Εὐμενίδων, ὅθι χρὴ Λακεδαιμονίους σʼ ἱκετεῦσαι δουρὶ πιεζομένους.
The relative clause is syntactically compressed: ὅθι introduces an impersonal χρή construction with ἱκετεῦσαι, while Λακεδαιμονίους πιεζομένους is an accusative participial phrase whose exact attachment and semantic role are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φράζεο | φράζω | VERB | V2PPMA-2S | Mood=Imperative|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Present middle imperative, second singular. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 φράζεο | cc | high | Elided connective. |
| 3 | Ἄρειόν | Ἄρειος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πάγον | amod | high | Substantivized adjective in the name Ἄρειος πάγος. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 πάγον | cc | high | First member of a τε...τε coordination. |
| 5 | πάγον | πάγος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 φράζεο | obj | high | First coordinated object of φράζεο. |
| 6 | βωμούς | βωμός | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 φράζεο | obj | high | Second coordinated object of φράζεο. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 βωμούς | cc | high | Second member of a τε...τε coordination. |
| 8 | θυώδεις | θυώδης | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 βωμούς | amod | high | Accusative plural adjective modifying βωμούς. |
| 9 | Εὐμενίδων | Εὐμενίς | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 βωμούς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βωμούς: altars of the Eumenides. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φράζεο | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὅθι | ὅθι | ADV | ADV | PronType=Rel | 15 ἱκετεῦσαι | advmod | medium | Relative adverb introducing a clause modifying the preceding place/object expression. |
| 12 | χρὴ | χρή | VERB | V3SPAI- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 15 ἱκετεῦσαι | aux | medium | Impersonal present verb governing the infinitive ἱκετεῦσαι; some analyses treat it as the clause root. |
| 13 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 πιεζομένους | obj | medium | Accusative plural substantive/name, understood as the persons being oppressed. |
| 14 | σʼ | σύ | PRON | P-2AS | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs | 15 ἱκετεῦσαι | obj | high | Elided accusative pronoun, object of ἱκετεῦσαι. |
| 15 | ἱκετεῦσαι | ἱκετεύω | VERB | V--ANA- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 12 χρὴ | xcomp | high | Aorist infinitive complement of impersonal χρή. |
| 16 | δουρὶ | δόρυ | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 πιεζομένους | obl | high | Dative of instrument or means: by the spear. |
| 17 | πιεζομένους | πιέζω | VERB | V-PMPAPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 13 Λακεδαιμονίους | acl | medium | Accusative present middle participle agreeing with Λακεδαιμονίους; syntactically describes them as under pressure. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φράζεο | punct | high |
τοὺς μὴ σὺ κτεῖνε σιδήρῳ, μηδʼ ἱκέτας ἀδικεῖν.
The syntax is elliptical and textually difficult: κτεῖνε is a prohibitive imperative with τοὺς as its object, while μηδʼ ἱκέτας ἀδικεῖν is coordinated as a negative infinitival prohibition; the subject σὺ is explicit for emphasis. The accusative ἱκέτας may be the object of ἀδικεῖν or an accusative subject in an elliptical construction; object analysis is preferred.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-+rd | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 κτεῖνε | obj | high | |
| 2 | μὴ | μή | PART | D- | Polarity=Neg | 4 κτεῖνε | advmod | high | |
| 3 | σὺ | σύ | PRON | P-2SN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2 | 4 κτεῖνε | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | κτεῖνε | κτείνω | VERB | V-2PAD-S | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperative, not indicative, in this prohibitive context. |
| 5 | σιδήρῳ | σίδηρος | NOUN | N2S-D | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 κτεῖνε | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 κτεῖνε | punct | high | |
| 7 | μηδʼ | μηδέ | CCONJ | C-------- | Polarity=Neg | 9 ἀδικεῖν | cc | medium | Crasis/apocope spelling of μηδέ; coordinates the second prohibition. |
| 8 | ἱκέτας | ἱκέτης | NOUN | N2P-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀδικεῖν | obj | medium | Analyzed as object of ἀδικεῖν; an accusative-subject reading in an elliptical construction is possible. |
| 9 | ἀδικεῖν | ἀδικέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 κτεῖνε | conj | high | Infinitive coordinated with the preceding prohibition; its understood subject is σὺ. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 κτεῖνε | punct | high |
ἱκέται δʼ ἱεροί τε καὶ ἁγνοί.
Nominal verbless clause: ἱκέται is the subject, with coordinated predicate adjectives ἱεροί and ἁγνοί; δʼ is an enclitic connective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἱκέται | ἱκέτης | NOUN | N-----MP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 ἱκέται | cc | high | Apocopated/enclitic form. |
| 3 | ἱεροί | ἱερός | ADJ | A-----MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἱκέται | conj | high | Predicate adjective in a verbless clause. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 3 ἱεροί | cc | high | Correlative conjunction with καί. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 ἁγνοί | cc | high | Correlative conjunction with τε. |
| 6 | ἁγνοί | ἁγνός | ADJ | A-----MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἱεροί | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate adjective. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἱκέται | punct | high |