Grammar parses for passage 7.25.2
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα Ἕλλησιν ἦλθεν ἐς μνήμην, ὅτε ἀφίκοντο ἐπὶ Ἀθήνας Πελοποννήσιοι, τότε Κόδρου τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις τοῦ Μελάνθου βασιλεύοντος.
Main clause with a temporal ὅτε-clause and a circumstantial genitive participial clause; the dative τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις is somewhat syntactically open and best taken as reference/interest.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-P---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 3 ἦλθεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἦλθεν. |
| 2 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | PROPN | NE-P---DN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἦλθεν | obl | high | Dative recipient/experiencer of ἦλθεν. |
| 3 | ἦλθεν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | VAAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 5 μνήμην | case | high | Preposition governing μνήμην. |
| 5 | μνήμην | μνήμη | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἦλθεν | obl | high | Goal/location phrase with ἐς. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦλθεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | Df | _ | 8 ἀφίκοντο | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 8 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | VAMI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 3 ἦλθεν | advcl | high | Temporal adverbial clause. |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 10 Ἀθήνας | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀθήνας. |
| 10 | Ἀθήνας | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | NE-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | Directional complement of ἀφίκοντο. |
| 11 | Πελοποννήσιοι | Πελοποννήσιος | ADJ | A---MPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφίκοντο. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D | _ | 19 βασιλεύοντος | advmod | high | Modifies the participial clause. |
| 14 | Κόδρου | Κόδρος | PROPN | NE-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 βασιλεύοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of participle βασιλεύοντος. |
| 15 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-P---DD- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 Ἀθηναίοις | det | high | Article with Ἀθηναίοις. |
| 16 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A---MDD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 βασιλεύοντος | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/interest with βασιλεύοντος; parsing is somewhat uncertain. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Μελάνθου | det | high | Article with Μελάνθου. |
| 18 | Μελάνθου | Μέλανθος | PROPN | NE-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 βασιλεύοντος | nmod | high | Genitive modifier with βασιλεύοντος. |
| 19 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἦλθεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial genitive participial clause. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦλθεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ὁ μὲν δὴ ἄλλος στρατὸς τῶν Πελοποννησίων ἀπεχώρησεν ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς, ἐπειδὴ ἐπύθοντο τοῦ Κόδρου τὴν τελευτὴν καὶ ὅντινα ἐγένετο αὐτῷ τρόπον· οὐ γὰρ εἶναι νίκην ἔτι σφίσι κατὰ τὸ ἐκ Δελφῶν μάντευμα ἤλπιζον·
Two coordinated main clauses: the first with causal επειδή-clause, the second with an infinitival complement introduced by οὐ γὰρ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 στρατὸς | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 στρατὸς | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 5 στρατὸς | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἄλλος | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 στρατὸς | amod | high | |
| 5 | στρατὸς | στρατός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπεχώρησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Πελοποννησίων | det | high | |
| 7 | Πελοποννησίων | Πελοποννήσιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 στρατὸς | nmod | high | Treat as proper ethnic noun. |
| 8 | ἀπεχώρησεν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 11 Ἀττικῆς | case | high | |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Ἀττικῆς | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἀττικῆς | Ἀττική | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπεχώρησεν | obl | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀπεχώρησεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἐπειδὴ | ἐπειδή | SCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἐπύθοντο | mark | high | |
| 14 | ἐπύθοντο | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 8 ἀπεχώρησεν | advcl | high | |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Κόδρου | det | high | |
| 16 | Κόδρου | Κόδρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 τελευτὴν | nmod | high | |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 τελευτὴν | det | high | |
| 18 | τελευτὴν | τελευτή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπύθοντο | obj | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ὅντινα | cc | high | |
| 20 | ὅντινα | ὅστις | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 τρόπον | det | medium | Likely interrogative/indefinite pronoun in indirect question: 'what sort of'. |
| 21 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 23 τρόπον | acl | high | |
| 22 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ἐγένετο | iobj | high | |
| 23 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπύθοντο | obj | medium | Indirect question phrase 'in what way'. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀπεχώρησεν | punct | high | |
| 25 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 36 ἤλπιζον | advmod | high | |
| 26 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 36 ἤλπιζον | discourse | high | |
| 27 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 36 ἤλπιζον | xcomp | high | |
| 28 | νίκην | νίκη | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 εἶναι | obj | high | |
| 29 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 36 ἤλπιζον | advmod | high | |
| 30 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 27 εἶναι | obl | high | |
| 31 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 35 μάντευμα | case | high | |
| 32 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 35 μάντευμα | det | high | |
| 33 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 34 Δελφῶν | case | high | |
| 34 | Δελφῶν | Δελφοί | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 μάντευμα | nmod | high | |
| 35 | μάντευμα | μάντευμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 ἤλπιζον | obl | high | |
| 36 | ἤλπιζον | ἐλπίζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main clause; infinitival content clause depends on 'hoped'. |
| 37 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 ἤλπιζον | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ ἄνδρες γενόμενοι μὲν ἐντὸς τείχους λανθάνουσιν ἐν τῇ νυκτί, ἅμα δὲ ἡμέρᾳ τούς τε ἑαυτῶν ἀπεληλυθότας αἰσθάνονται καὶ ἀθροιζομένων ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς τῶν Ἀθηναίων καταφεύγουσιν ἐς τὸν Ἄρειον πάγον καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν θεῶν αἳ Σεμναὶ καλοῦνται τοὺς βωμούς.
The syntax is a chain of coordinated finite verbs with a genitive absolute (ἀθροιζομένων τῶν Ἀθηναίων) and a relative clause (αἳ Σεμναὶ καλοῦνται) modifying θεῶν; the final ἐπὶ τῶν θεῶν is semantically awkward and may reflect a textual or interpretive difficulty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἄνδρες | nmod | high | Attributive genitive of the people of Sparta. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 λανθάνουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 λανθάνουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of λανθάνουσιν. |
| 4 | γενόμενοι | γίγνομαι | VERB | AAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 3 ἄνδρες | amod | high | Participle modifying ἄνδρες. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 γενόμενοι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 6 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 λανθάνουσιν | advmod | high | Adverbial, with genitive complement τείχους. |
| 7 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐντὸς | obl | high | Complement of ἐντός. |
| 8 | λανθάνουσιν | λανθάνω | VERB | V3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 νυκτί | case | high | Preposition governing νυκτί. |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 νυκτί | det | high | Article with νυκτί. |
| 11 | νυκτί | νύξ | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 λανθάνουσιν | obl | high | Temporal oblique with ἐν. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 λανθάνουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 αἰσθάνονται | advmod | medium | Adverbial temporal marker; attaches to αἰσθάνονται. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 αἰσθάνονται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 15 | ἡμέρᾳ | ἡμέρα | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἅμα | obl | medium | Dative with ἅμα, temporal phrase. |
| 16 | τούς | ὁ | DET | L-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ἀπεληλυθότας | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 17 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 16 τούς | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 18 | ἑαυτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Reflex=Yes | 19 ἀπεληλυθότας | nmod | high | Reflexive genitive modifying ἀπεληλυθότας. |
| 19 | ἀπεληλυθότας | ἀπέρχομαι | VERB | X--XPPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 αἰσθάνονται | obj | medium | Participial complement of αἰσθάνονται; form is perfect active participle. |
| 20 | αἰσθάνονται | αἰσθάνομαι | VERB | V3PPIE--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 8 λανθάνουσιν | conj | high | Second coordinated main verb. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 καταφεύγουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the next main clause. |
| 22 | ἀθροιζομένων | ἀθροίζω | VERB | V-PMPG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 27 καταφεύγουσιν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute with τῶν Ἀθηναίων. |
| 23 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 27 καταφεύγουσιν | case | high | Preposition with αὐτούς. |
| 24 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | A-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 27 καταφεύγουσιν | obl | high | Goal/source relation with ἐπί. |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 Ἀθηναίων | det | high | Article with Ἀθηναίων. |
| 26 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀθροιζομένων | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 27 | καταφεύγουσιν | καταφεύγω | VERB | V3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 αἰσθάνονται | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 28 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 31 πάγον | case | high | Preposition with motion goal. |
| 29 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 πάγον | det | high | Article with πάγον. |
| 30 | Ἄρειον | Ἄρειος | PROPN | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 πάγον | amod | high | Adjectival proper name modifying πάγον. |
| 31 | πάγον | πάγος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 καταφεύγουσιν | obl | high | Goal of καταφεύγουσιν. |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 καταφεύγουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates final prepositional phrase/clause. |
| 33 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 40 βωμούς | case | high | Preposition governing βωμούς. |
| 34 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 35 θεῶν | det | high | Article with θεῶν. |
| 35 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-P---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 40 βωμούς | nmod | medium | Possibly governs by ἐπί; agrees with following relative clause. |
| 36 | αἳ | ὅς | PRON | P-P---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 38 καλοῦνται | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to θεοί/Ἐρινύες-like deities. |
| 37 | Σεμναὶ | σεμνός | ADJ | A-P---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 36 αἳ | amod | high | Predicate/attributive adjective in relative clause. |
| 38 | καλοῦνται | καλέω | VERB | V3PPIE--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 35 θεῶν | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying θεῶν. |
| 39 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 40 βωμούς | det | high | Article with βωμούς. |
| 40 | βωμούς | βωμός | NOUN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 καλοῦνται | obj | high | Predicate object of καλοῦνται. |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 λανθάνουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |