Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.25.2

← 7.25.1 7.25.3 →

Passage 7.25.2

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

98Greek tokens

2,736input tokens

6,932output tokens

Sentence 1

7.25.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 20
Input: 762
Output: 1,559
Total: 2,321

ταῦτα Ἕλλησιν ἦλθεν ἐς μνήμην, ὅτε ἀφίκοντο ἐπὶ Ἀθήνας Πελοποννήσιοι, τότε Κόδρου τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις τοῦ Μελάνθου βασιλεύοντος.

Main construction: ταῦτα is the subject of ἦλθεν and Ἕλλησιν the dative experiencer; ὅτε introduces a temporal clause. The closing genitive absolute, Κόδρου ... βασιλεύοντος, is temporally subordinate to the clause, with τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις as the dative possessor/associated noun with βασιλεύοντος; ἐπὶ Ἀθήνας means movement against/toward Athens.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ταῦτα	οὗτος	PRON	PD----NNA-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	3 ἦλθεν	nsubj	high
2	Ἕλλησιν	Ἕλλην	PROPN	N----DPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 ἦλθεν	iobj	high	Ethnic noun used substantivally.
3	ἦλθεν	ἔρχομαι	VERB	V-2AAI-S--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Impersonal/idiomatic 'came into memory'.
4	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R	_	5 μνήμην	case	high
5	μνήμην	μνήμη	NOUN	N----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	3 ἦλθεν	obl	high	With ἔρχομαι: 'into memory/remembrance'.
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἦλθεν	punct	high
7	ὅτε	ὅτε	SCONJ	C	_	8 ἀφίκοντο	mark	high
8	ἀφίκοντο	ἀφικνέομαι	VERB	V-2ADI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	3 ἦλθεν	advcl	high	Subject is Πελοποννήσιοι.
9	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R	_	10 Ἀθήνας	case	high	Accusative marks movement against/toward.
10	Ἀθήνας	Ἀθῆναι	PROPN	N----APF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	8 ἀφίκοντο	obl	high	Plural place-name.
11	Πελοποννήσιοι	Πελοποννήσιος	PROPN	A----NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἀφίκοντο	nsubj	high	Ethnic adjective used substantivally.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἀφίκοντο	punct	high
13	τότε	τότε	ADV	D	_	8 ἀφίκοντο	advmod	high	Correlative temporal adverb, anticipating the genitive absolute.
14	Κόδρου	Κόδρος	PROPN	N----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 βασιλεύοντος	nsubj	high	Subject of the genitive-absolute participle.
15	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T----DPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	16 Ἀθηναίοις	det	high
16	Ἀθηναίοις	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	A----DPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 βασιλεύοντος	obl	medium	Dative associated with βασιλεύω, likely 'reigning over the Athenians'; some analyses treat it as an argument of the participle.
17	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	18 Μελάνθου	det	high
18	Μελάνθου	Μέλανθος	PROPN	N----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 Κόδρου	nmod	high	Patronymic/descent genitive: Codrus, son/descendant of Melanthus.
19	βασιλεύοντος	βασιλεύω	VERB	V-PAP-GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	8 ἀφίκοντο	advcl	high	Genitive absolute; temporal circumstance.
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἦλθεν	punct	high

Sentence 2

7.25.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 37
Input: 957
Output: 2,474
Total: 3,431

ὁ μὲν δὴ ἄλλος στρατὸς τῶν Πελοποννησίων ἀπεχώρησεν ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς, ἐπειδὴ ἐπύθοντο τοῦ Κόδρου τὴν τελευτὴν καὶ ὅντινα ἐγένετο αὐτῷ τρόπον· οὐ γὰρ εἶναι νίκην ἔτι σφίσι κατὰ τὸ ἐκ Δελφῶν μάντευμα ἤλπιζον·

The second clause has an accusative-and-infinitive construction (νίκην ... εἶναι) governed by ἤλπιζον; ὅντινα ... τρόπον is an indirect interrogative manner adjunct to ἐγένετο.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-dsm	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 στρατὸς	det	high
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	Df	_	5 στρατὸς	discourse	high
3	δὴ	δή	PART	Df	_	8 ἀπεχώρησεν	discourse	high
4	ἄλλος	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 στρατὸς	amod	high
5	στρατὸς	στρατός	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἀπεχώρησεν	nsubj	high
6	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-gpm	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 Πελοποννησίων	det	high
7	Πελοποννησίων	Πελοποννήσιος	PROPN	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 στρατὸς	nmod	high
8	ἀπεχώρησεν	ἀποχωρέω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
9	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R	_	11 Ἀττικῆς	case	high
10	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-gsf	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 Ἀττικῆς	det	high
11	Ἀττικῆς	Ἀττική	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 ἀπεχώρησεν	obl	high
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἀπεχώρησεν	punct	high
13	ἐπειδὴ	ἐπειδή	SCONJ	C	_	14 ἐπύθοντο	mark	high
14	ἐπύθοντο	πυνθάνομαι	VERB	V-AMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	8 ἀπεχώρησεν	advcl	high
15	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-gsm	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 Κόδρου	det	high
16	Κόδρου	Κόδρος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 τελευτὴν	nmod	high
17	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-asf	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 τελευτὴν	det	high
18	τελευτὴν	τελευτή	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἐπύθοντο	obj	high
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	21 ἐγένετο	cc	high
20	ὅντινα	ὅστις	DET	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 τρόπον	det	medium	Indefinite-relative form used in an indirect interrogative manner expression.
21	ἐγένετο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-AMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	14 ἐπύθοντο	conj	high
22	αὐτῷ	αὐτός	PRON	P-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3	21 ἐγένετο	iobj	high
23	τρόπον	τρόπος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 ἐγένετο	obl	high	Accusative of manner; ὅντινα modifies it.
24	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἀπεχώρησεν	punct	high
25	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D	_	36 ἤλπιζον	advmod	high
26	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	Df	_	36 ἤλπιζον	discourse	high
27	εἶναι	εἰμί	VERB	V-PPN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	36 ἤλπιζον	ccomp	high	Infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction.
28	νίκην	νίκη	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 εἶναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of εἶναι.
29	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D	_	27 εἶναι	advmod	high
30	σφίσι	σφεῖς	PRON	P-DP	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	27 εἶναι	iobj	medium	Dative of possession/interest with εἶναι.
31	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R	_	35 μάντευμα	case	high
32	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	35 μάντευμα	det	high	Substantivizing article with μάντευμα.
33	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R	_	34 Δελφῶν	case	high
34	Δελφῶν	Δελφοί	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	35 μάντευμα	nmod	high
35	μάντευμα	μάντευμα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	36 ἤλπιζον	obl	medium	The phrase κατὰ τὸ ἐκ Δελφῶν μάντευμα means according to the Delphic oracle; article/noun case is textually syntactically irregular or elliptical.
36	ἤλπιζον	ἐλπίζω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Act	8 ἀπεχώρησεν	parataxis	high	Main verb of the explanatory second clause.
37	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	36 ἤλπιζον	punct	high

Sentence 3

7.25.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 41
Input: 1,017
Output: 2,899
Total: 3,916

Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ ἄνδρες γενόμενοι μὲν ἐντὸς τείχους λανθάνουσιν ἐν τῇ νυκτί, ἅμα δὲ ἡμέρᾳ τούς τε ἑαυτῶν ἀπεληλυθότας αἰσθάνονται καὶ ἀθροιζομένων ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς τῶν Ἀθηναίων καταφεύγουσιν ἐς τὸν Ἄρειον πάγον καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν θεῶν αἳ Σεμναὶ καλοῦνται τοὺς βωμούς.

The final phrase is difficult: ἐπὶ τῶν θεῶν ... τοὺς βωμούς is treated as an elliptical coordinated destination, while αἳ Σεμναὶ καλοῦνται is a relative clause with a feminine referent understood rather than overtly expressed.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Λακεδαιμονίων	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 ἄνδρες	nmod	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 λανθάνουσιν	cc	high
3	ἄνδρες	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 λανθάνουσιν	nsubj	high	Subject of λανθάνουσιν and subsequent coordinated verbs.
4	γενόμενοι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	3 ἄνδρες	acl	medium	Circumstantial participle, likely predicative with ἄνδρες.
5	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	8 λανθάνουσιν	discourse	high
6	ἐντὸς	ἐντός	ADP	PREP	_	7 τείχους	case	high
7	τείχους	τεῖχος	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 λανθάνουσιν	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἐντός.
8	λανθάνουσιν	λανθάνω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
9	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	11 νυκτί	case	high
10	τῇ	ὁ	DET	D-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 νυκτί	det	high
11	νυκτί	νύξ	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 λανθάνουσιν	obl	high
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 λανθάνουσιν	punct	high
13	ἅμα	ἅμα	ADV	ADV	_	15 ἡμέρᾳ	advmod	medium	Temporal adverbial with dative ἡμέρᾳ.
14	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	20 αἰσθάνονται	cc	high
15	ἡμέρᾳ	ἡμέρα	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	20 αἰσθάνονται	obl	high	Temporal dative, with ἅμα.
16	τούς	ὁ	DET	D-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 ἀπεληλυθότας	det	high
17	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	20 αἰσθάνονται	cc	high	Correlative coordination with καί at token 21.
18	ἑαυτῶν	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	P-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Reflex=Yes	19 ἀπεληλυθότας	nmod:poss	high
19	ἀπεληλυθότας	ἀπέρχομαι	VERB	V-RAP-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	20 αἰσθάνονται	obj	high	Substantivized participle, object of αἰσθάνονται.
20	αἰσθάνονται	αἰσθάνομαι	VERB	V-PMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	8 λανθάνουσιν	conj	high
21	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	27 καταφεύγουσιν	cc	high
22	ἀθροιζομένων	ἀθροίζω	VERB	V-PPP-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	27 καταφεύγουσιν	advcl	high	Genitive absolute with τῶν Ἀθηναίων.
23	ἐπʼ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	24 αὐτοὺς	case	high
24	αὐτοὺς	αὐτός	PRON	P-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	22 ἀθροιζομένων	obl	high	Object of ἐπί in the participial clause.
25	τῶν	ὁ	DET	D-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 Ἀθηναίων	det	high
26	Ἀθηναίων	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἀθροιζομένων	nsubj	high	Genitive-absolute subject.
27	καταφεύγουσιν	καταφεύγω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	8 λανθάνουσιν	conj	high
28	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	31 πάγον	case	high
29	τὸν	ὁ	DET	D-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 πάγον	det	high
30	Ἄρειον	Ἄρειος	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 πάγον	amod	high	Adjectival part of the place-name.
31	πάγον	πάγος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	27 καταφεύγουσιν	obl	high
32	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	40 βωμούς	cc	high	Coordinates the second destination with τὸν Ἄρειον πάγον.
33	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	35 θεῶν	case	high
34	τῶν	ὁ	DET	D-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	35 θεῶν	det	high
35	θεῶν	θεός	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	40 βωμούς	obl	medium	With ἐπί; likely elliptical place designation involving the altars.
36	αἳ	ὅς	PRON	P-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	38 καλοῦνται	nsubj	high	Relative subject, referring to θεαί understood/possibly an antecedent associated with θεῶν.
37	Σεμναὶ	σεμνός	ADJ	A-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	38 καλοῦνται	xcomp	medium	Predicate adjective with καλοῦνται.
38	καλοῦνται	καλέω	VERB	V-PPM-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	35 θεῶν	acl:relcl	high	Relative clause modifying an understood feminine referent associated with θεῶν.
39	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	D-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	40 βωμούς	det	high
40	βωμούς	βωμός	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	27 καταφεύγουσιν	obl	medium	Second destination/object phrase; coordination with token 31 is syntactically elliptical.
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 λανθάνουσιν	punct	high

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