Grammar parses for passage 7.25.10
Open translation for this passage
καταβάντων δὲ ἐκ Βούρας ὡς ἐπὶ θάλασσαν ποταμός τε Βουραϊκὸς ὀνομαζόμενος καὶ Ἡρακλῆς οὐ μέγας ἐστὶν ἐν σπηλαίῳ·
Genitive absolute καταβάντων δὲ ἐκ Βούρας; the main clause coordinates ποταμός and Ἡρακλῆς as nominative subjects of ἐστίν, with μέγας as predicate adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καταβάντων | καταβαίνω | VERB | PPA-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 16 ἐστὶν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with δὲ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Βούρας | case | high | |
| 4 | Βούρας | Βούρα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 καταβάντων | obl | high | Place name governed by ἐκ. |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐπὶ | mark | medium | Introduces the directional phrase. |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 θάλασσαν | case | high | |
| 7 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 καταβάντων | obl | high | Directional accusative after ἐπί. |
| 8 | ποταμός | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 16 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ποταμός | cc | high | Connects ποταμός with Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 10 | Βουραϊκὸς | Βουραϊκός | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 8 ποταμός | amod | high | |
| 11 | ὀνομαζόμενος | ὀνομάζω | VERB | PPP-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Passive | 8 ποταμός | acl | high | Attributive/passive participle: 'called Bouraic'. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 Ἡρακλῆς | cc | high | Coordinates the second subject. |
| 13 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 16 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Coordinated nominative subject. |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PTCL | _ | 15 μέγας | advmod | high | |
| 15 | μέγας | μέγας | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nominative|Degree=Positive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 16 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with copula. |
| 16 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 σπηλαίῳ | case | high | |
| 18 | σπηλαίῳ | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 16 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Location phrase. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
ἐπίκλησις μὲν καὶ τούτου Βουραϊκός, μαντείας δὲ ἐπὶ πίνακί τε καὶ ἀστραγάλοις ἔστι λαβεῖν .
The sentence has an elliptical copular first clause (‘the epithet of this one is also Bouraïkos’) and an impersonal ἔστι with infinitival λαβεῖν; μαντείας is an accusative object of λαβεῖν, while the coordinated datives πίνακι and ἀστραγάλοις specify means.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπίκλησις | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Βουραϊκός | nsubj | high | Subject of the elliptical copular clause. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | πε- | _ | 1 ἐπίκλησις | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 5 Βουραϊκός | advmod | high | Here additive, ‘also’. |
| 4 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 1 ἐπίκλησις | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐπίκλησις. |
| 5 | Βουραϊκός | Βουραϊκός | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Predicate nominative; masculine form is treated as the name/epithet despite feminine ἐπίκλησις. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 Βουραϊκός | punct | high | |
| 7 | μαντείας | μαντεία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 λαβεῖν | obj | high | Accusative object of λαβεῖν. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 14 ἔστι | cc | high | Contrasting particle introducing the second clause. |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 10 πίνακί | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 10 | πίνακί | πίναξ | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 λαβεῖν | obl | high | Dative of means with ἐπί. |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 πίνακί | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 13 ἀστραγάλοις | cc | high | Second member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 13 | ἀστραγάλοις | ἀστράγαλος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 λαβεῖν | obl | high | Coordinated dative of means; ἐπί is understood. |
| 14 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Impersonal/existential predicate; coordination with the preceding nominal clause is understood. |
| 15 | λαβεῖν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 ἔστι | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of impersonal ἔστι. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔστι | punct | high |
εὔχεται μὲν γὰρ πρὸ τοῦ ἀγάλματος ὁ τῷ θεῷ χρώμενος, ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ εὐχῇ λαβὼν ἀστραγάλους ---οἱ δὲ ἄφθονοι παρὰ τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ κεῖνται---τέσσαρας ἀφίησιν ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης·
Main predicate εὔχεται has subject ὁ χρώμενος and coordinated/sequenced predicate ἀφίησιν; the parenthetical clause οἱ ἄφθονοι ... κεῖνται interrupts the complement of λαβών. The dative τῷ θεῷ with χρώμενος is construed as 'consulting/using the god'; ἀστραγάλους is the object of λαβών and τέσσαρας the object of ἀφίησιν, with understood ἀστραγάλους.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εὔχεται | εὔχομαι | VERB | V-PI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 32 ἀφίησιν | conj | high | Coordinated/sequenced finite predicate with ἀφίησιν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | μέν | _ | 1 εὔχεται | discourse | high | |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | γάρ | _ | 1 εὔχεται | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 4 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ἀγάλματος | case | high | |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀγάλματος | det | high | |
| 6 | ἀγάλματος | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 εὔχεται | obl | high | Object of πρό. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 χρώμενος | det | high | |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 θεῷ | det | high | |
| 9 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 χρώμενος | obl | high | Dative complement of χρώμενος. |
| 10 | χρώμενος | χράομαι | VERB | V-PMPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 1 εὔχεται | nsubj | high | Substantival participle, subject of εὔχεται. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 εὔχεται | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 εὐχῇ | case | high | With dative εὐχῇ. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | δέ | _ | 32 ἀφίησιν | cc | high | Contrasts with μέν. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 εὐχῇ | det | high | |
| 15 | εὐχῇ | εὐχή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 λαβὼν | obl | high | Temporal/occasion adjunct with ἐπί. |
| 16 | λαβὼν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 32 ἀφίησιν | advcl | high | Same subject as ἀφίησιν. |
| 17 | ἀστραγάλους | ἀστράγαλος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 λαβὼν | obj | high | Object of λαβών. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 27 κεῖνται | punct | high | Parenthetical dash. |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 27 κεῖνται | punct | high | Parenthetical dash. |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 27 κεῖνται | punct | high | Parenthetical dash. |
| 21 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἄφθονοι | det | high | |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | δέ | _ | 27 κεῖνται | cc | high | Internal connective in parenthetical clause. |
| 23 | ἄφθονοι | ἄφθονος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 κεῖνται | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, subject of κεῖνται. |
| 24 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 Ἡρακλεῖ | case | high | With dative. |
| 25 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 Ἡρακλεῖ | det | high | |
| 26 | Ἡρακλεῖ | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 κεῖνται | obl | high | Proper name in dative after παρά. |
| 27 | κεῖνται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-PMI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 32 ἀφίησιν | parataxis | high | Parenthetical finite clause. |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 27 κεῖνται | punct | high | Parenthetical dash. |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 27 κεῖνται | punct | high | Parenthetical dash. |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 27 κεῖνται | punct | high | Parenthetical dash. |
| 31 | τέσσαρας | τέσσαρες | NUM | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 32 ἀφίησιν | obj | high | Accusative numeral with ellipsis of ἀστραγάλους. |
| 32 | ἀφίησιν | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-PAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate; εὔχεται is coordinated/sequenced. |
| 33 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 35 τραπέζης | case | high | With genitive. |
| 34 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 τραπέζης | det | high | |
| 35 | τραπέζης | τράπεζα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ἀφίησιν | obl | high | Locative destination/surface adjunct with ἐπί. |
| 36 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 32 ἀφίησιν | punct | high |
ἐπὶ δὲ παντὶ ἀστραγάλου σχήματι γεγραμμένα ἐν πίνακι ἐπίτηδες ἐξήγησιν ἔχει τοῦ σχήματος.
The neuter plural γεγραμμένα is the subject of ἔχει, with ἐξήγησιν as its object; ἐπὶ παντὶ ἀστραγάλου σχήματι is an adverbial phrase, and ἐν πίνακι locates the writing. The syntax is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 5 σχήματι | case | high | Preposition governing the dative phrase παντὶ ... σχήματι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἔχει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | παντὶ | πᾶς | DET | ADJ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 σχήματι | det | high | Dative neuter singular agreeing with σχήματι. |
| 4 | ἀστραγάλου | ἀστράγαλος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 σχήματι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on σχήματι: shape of an astragalus. |
| 5 | σχήματι | σχῆμα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 γεγραμμένα | obl | medium | Dative complement of ἐπί, with adverbial sense. |
| 6 | γεγραμμένα | γράφω | VERB | V-RPPNPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 11 ἔχει | nsubj | medium | Perfect passive neuter plural participle; understood subject of ἔχει, though the construction is compressed. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 8 πίνακι | case | high | Preposition governing the dative πίνακι. |
| 8 | πίνακι | πίναξ | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 γεγραμμένα | obl | high | Locative phrase modifying γεγραμμένα. |
| 9 | ἐπίτηδες | ἐπίτηδες | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 γεγραμμένα | advmod | high | Adverb meaning deliberately or expressly. |
| 10 | ἐξήγησιν | ἐξήγησις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἔχει | obj | high | Accusative direct object of ἔχει. |
| 11 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PIA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 σχήματος | det | high | Article agreeing with σχήματος. |
| 13 | σχήματος | σχῆμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐξήγησιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐξήγησιν: explanation of the shape. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 ἔχει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |