Grammar parses for passage 7.25.11
Open translation for this passage
σταδίων ἐπὶ τὸν Ἡρακλέα ὡς τριάκοντα ἐξ Ἑλίκης ὁδὸς ἡ εὐθεῖά ἐστι.
Copular clause: ὁδὸς is the subject and εὐθεῖα the predicate adjective; the opening distance phrase is elliptical, with τριάκοντα σταδίων expressing approximately thirty stadia and the route specified from Helice toward Heracles.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | σταδίων | στάδιον | NOUN | N-GEN-PL | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 τριάκοντα | nummod | medium | Genitive of measure with τριάκοντα; alternatively analyzed as dependent on an elided quantity expression. |
| 2 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 4 Ἡρακλέα | case | high | With accusative, marking the destination toward Heracles. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ACC-SG-MASC | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἡρακλέα | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἡρακλέα | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-ACC-SG-MASC | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὁδὸς | obl | high | Goal/destination complement of ὁδός. |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | ADV | D | _ | 6 τριάκοντα | advmod | medium | Approximative particle/adverb, ‘about’, modifying τριάκοντα. |
| 6 | τριάκοντα | τριάκοντα | NUM | NUM-ACC | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ὁδὸς | nummod | medium | Accusative numeral in a measure-distance expression; syntactic attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 7 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 8 Ἑλίκης | case | high | Marks the point of departure from Helice. |
| 8 | Ἑλίκης | Ἑλίκη | PROPN | N-GEN-SG-FEM | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὁδὸς | obl | high | Source complement of ὁδός. |
| 9 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | N-NOM-SG-FEM | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστι. |
| 10 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NOM-SG-FEM | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 εὐθεῖά | det | high | |
| 11 | εὐθεῖά | εὐθύς | ADJ | A-NOM-SG-FEM | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὁδὸς | amod | high | Predicative adjective, with ἡ agreeing with ὁδός; adjective and article are postposed around the copular verb. |
| 12 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PRS-3SG | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστι | punct | high |
προελθόντι δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους ποταμὸς ἐς θάλασσαν ἐκδίδωσιν ἀέναος ἐξ ὄρους Ἀρκαδικοῦ κατερχόμενος,
The opening dative participle προελθόντι is syntactically difficult; it is treated as a temporal/circumstantial participial clause linked to ποταμός, while κατερχόμενος clearly modifies ποταμός.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προελθόντι | προέρχομαι | VERB | VAorActPtcpDatSgNeut | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 6 ποταμὸς | advcl | medium | Dative temporal/absolute participle; construed with the following subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ποταμὸς | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Ἡρακλέους | case | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-GenSgNeut | Case=Genitive|Definite=Def|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 5 Ἡρακλέους | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GenSgMasc | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 προελθόντι | obl | medium | Genitive object of ἀπό; the article is substantivizing/associated with the proper name. |
| 6 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NomSgMasc | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 9 ἐκδίδωσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 θάλασσαν | case | high | |
| 8 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-AccSgFem | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 9 ἐκδίδωσιν | obl | high | Goal/directional complement. |
| 9 | ἐκδίδωσιν | ἐκδίδωμι | VERB | V- PresActInd3Sg | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἀέναος | ἀέναος | ADJ | A-NomSgMasc | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 6 ποταμὸς | amod | high | Predicative/descriptive adjective agreeing with ποταμός. |
| 11 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 ὄρους | case | high | |
| 12 | ὄρους | ὄρος | NOUN | N-GenSgNeut | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 14 κατερχόμενος | obl | high | Source complement of κατερχόμενος. |
| 13 | Ἀρκαδικοῦ | Ἀρκαδικός | ADJ | A-GenSgNeut | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 12 ὄρους | amod | high | |
| 14 | κατερχόμενος | κατέρχομαι | VERB | VPPresMidPtcpNomSgMasc | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 9 ἐκδίδωσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with ποταμός. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐκδίδωσιν | punct | high |
ὄνομα δὲ αὐτῷ τε καὶ τῷ ποταμῷ Κρᾶθις καὶ ἔνθα αἱ πηγαὶ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τῷ ὄρει·
Elliptical nominal clause: ὄνομα is the predicate/subject notion, with Κρᾶθις as the naming nominative; αὐτῷ and τῷ ποταμῷ are coordinated datives of reference, while the final phrase states the springs' location at the mountain. The syntax of καὶ ἔνθα is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 Κρᾶθις | nsubj | medium | Neuter nominative subject/predicate noun in an elliptical naming clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 8 Κρᾶθις | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 7 ποταμῷ | nmod | high | Dative of reference, coordinated with τῷ ποταμῷ. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 3 αὐτῷ | cc | high | First member of τε...καὶ coordination. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 7 ποταμῷ | cc | high | Coordinates τῷ ποταμῷ with αὐτῷ. |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ποταμῷ | det | high | Article agreeing with ποταμῷ. |
| 7 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Κρᾶθις | nmod | high | Second dative of reference in the naming construction. |
| 8 | Κρᾶθις | Κρᾶθις | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Proper-name nominative; the clause is elliptical for ‘the name ... is Crathis’. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 10 ἔνθα | cc | medium | Connects the naming clause to the following locative statement. |
| 10 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | d-------- | PronType=Rel | 12 πηγαὶ | advmod | medium | Locative relative adverb, introducing an elliptical clause. |
| 11 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 πηγαὶ | det | high | Article agreeing with πηγαί. |
| 12 | πηγαὶ | πηγή | NOUN | n-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 Κρᾶθις | conj | medium | Subject of an elliptical clause, probably ‘where the springs [are]’. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ποταμοῦ | det | high | Article agreeing with ποταμοῦ. |
| 14 | ποταμοῦ | ποταμός | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 πηγαὶ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πηγαί: the river’s springs. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ὄρει | det | high | Article agreeing with ὄρει. |
| 16 | ὄρει | ὄρος | NOUN | n-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 πηγαὶ | obl | medium | Dative of location or reference in the elliptical clause. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 Κρᾶθις | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀπὸ ταύτης τῆς Κράθιδος καὶ πρὸς Κρότωνι τῇ ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ ποταμὸς ὄνομα ἔσχηκε.
The prepositional phrase ἀπὸ ταύτης τῆς Κράθιδος καὶ πρὸς Κρότωνι τῇ ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ specifies the river's geographic relation; ὄνομα is a nominative predicate with ἔσχηκε, literally 'has acquired a name'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 Κράθιδος | case | high | |
| 2 | ταύτης | οὗτος | DET | PD-FSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 Κράθιδος | det | high | |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Κράθιδος | det | high | |
| 4 | Κράθιδος | Κράθις | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἔσχηκε | obl | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 πρὸς | cc | high | |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 7 Κρότωνι | case | high | |
| 7 | Κρότωνι | Κρότων | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔσχηκε | obl | high | πρός with dative is locative/directional in this usage. |
| 8 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Ἰταλίᾳ | det | high | Article agrees with Ἰταλίᾳ. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 10 Ἰταλίᾳ | case | high | |
| 10 | Ἰταλίᾳ | Ἰταλία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Κρότωνι | nmod | high | τῇ ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ modifies the place-name Κρότωνι. |
| 11 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔσχηκε | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἔσχηκε | xcomp | medium | Predicative nominative/secondary predicate: the river has acquired a name. |
| 13 | ἔσχηκε | ἔχω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔσχηκε | punct | high |