Grammar parses for passage 7.27.1
Open translation for this passage
Πελληνεῦσι δὲ ἡ πόλις ἐστὶν ἐπὶ λόφου κατὰ ἄκραν τὴν κορυφὴν ἐς ὀξὺ ἀνεστηκότος.
The dative Πελληνεῦσι is a locative dative (‘at Pellene’); ἀνεστηκότος is a genitive absolute with λόφου as its subject, and κατὰ ἄκραν τὴν κορυφήν describes the sharply rising summit.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πελληνεῦσι | Πελλήνη | PROPN | Ne.Da.Plu | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 πόλις | obl | high | Locative dative, ‘at/for the Pellenians’ or ‘at Pellene’; construed as the sentence’s geographical setting. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 πόλις | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | Art.Nom.Sg.Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πόλις | det | high | |
| 4 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N.Nom.Sg.Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστίν. |
| 5 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V.Pres.AInd.3.Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 λόφου | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive λόφου. |
| 7 | λόφου | λόφος | NOUN | N.Gen.Sg.Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Genitive object of ἐπί, ‘on a hill’. |
| 8 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 ἄκραν | case | high | Preposition governing ἄκραν. |
| 9 | ἄκραν | ἄκρος | ADJ | A.Acc.Sg.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 κορυφὴν | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of κορυφήν, with κατά; ‘along the extreme/uppermost’. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art.Acc.Sg.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 κορυφὴν | det | high | |
| 11 | κορυφὴν | κορυφή | NOUN | N.Acc.Sg.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Accusative object of κατά, ‘the summit/crest’. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 ὀξὺ | case | high | Preposition governing ὀξύ. |
| 13 | ὀξὺ | ὀξύς | ADJ | A.Acc.Sg.Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἀνεστηκότος | advmod | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘to a sharp point’; syntactically an adverbial complement of ἀνεστηκότος. |
| 14 | ἀνεστηκότος | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V.PPerf.Act.Gen.Sg.Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 λόφου | acl | medium | Perfect active participle in a genitive absolute; λόφος is its understood/structural genitive subject, with masculine singular agreement. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
τοῦτο μὲν δὴ ἀπότομον καὶ διʼ αὐτό ἐστιν ἀοίκητον.
The sentence has a neuter demonstrative subject and two coordinated predicate adjectives; διά with the accusative αὐτό gives the causal phrase 'because of this'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπότομον | nsubj | high | Demonstrative pronoun functioning as the neuter subject/predicate topic. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G----- | _ | 1 τοῦτο | discourse | high | Correlative/contrastive particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G----- | _ | 1 τοῦτο | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ἀπότομον | ἀπότομος | ADJ | A--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Neuter predicate adjective with εἰμί; coordinated semantically with ἀοίκητον. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἀοίκητον | cc | high | Coordinates the two predicate adjectives. |
| 6 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 αὐτό | case | high | Elided preposition διά governing αὐτό in the accusative, meaning 'because of/on account of'. |
| 7 | αὐτό | αὐτός | PRON | P--ASN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 9 ἀοίκητον | obl | high | Accusative object of διά. |
| 8 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular finite verb. |
| 9 | ἀοίκητον | ἀοίκητος | ADJ | A--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Second neuter predicate adjective, with διά phrase expressing cause. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τῷ δὲ χθαμαλωτέρῳ πεπόλισταί σφισιν οὐ συνεχὴς ἡ πόλις, ἐς δὲ μοίρας νενεμημένη δύο ὑπὸ τῆς ἄκρας μεταξὺ ἀνεχούσης.
The sentence has a stative perfect πεπόλισται with πόλις as subject; νενεμημένη adds the division into two parts, while ἄκρας ἀνεχούσης is best treated as an attendant genitive participial construction, with μεταξὺ adverbial.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | article-Dat.Sg.Neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 χθαμαλωτέρῳ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 πεπόλισταί | cc | high | |
| 3 | χθαμαλωτέρῳ | χθαμαλός | ADJ | A-Dat.Sg.Neut.Comp | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 πεπόλισταί | obl | medium | Substantivized/complementary dative, probably ‘in the lower part’. |
| 4 | πεπόλισταί | πολίζω | VERB | V-Perf.MedPass.3Sg.Ind | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Uncommon perfect form; construed impersonally or as a stative passive, ‘is settled/laid out’. |
| 5 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-Ind.Dat.Pl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 4 πεπόλισταί | iobj | medium | Epic/vernacular third-person plural dative pronoun. |
| 6 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART.Neg | Polarity=Neg | 7 συνεχὴς | advmod | high | |
| 7 | συνεχὴς | συνεχής | ADJ | A-Nom.Sg.Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 πόλις | amod | high | Predicate adjective with πόλις. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | article-Nom.Sg.Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 πόλις | det | high | |
| 9 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-Nom.Sg.Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πεπόλισταί | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 πεπόλισταί | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 μοίρας | case | high | |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 νενεμημένη | cc | high | |
| 13 | μοίρας | μοῖρα | NOUN | N-Acc.Pl.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 νενεμημένη | obl | high | |
| 14 | νενεμημένη | νέμω | VERB | V-Perf.MedPass.Part.Nom.Sg.Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 πόλις | acl | high | Participial predicate agreeing with πόλις; governs ἐς μοίρας. |
| 15 | δύο | δύο | NUM | NUM-Acc.Pl | Number=Plur | 13 μοίρας | nummod | high | indeclinable numeral modifying μοίρας. |
| 16 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 ἄκρας | case | high | |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | article-Gen.Sg.Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἄκρας | det | high | |
| 18 | ἄκρας | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-Gen.Sg.Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἀνεχούσης | obl | high | |
| 19 | μεταξὺ | μεταξύ | ADV | ADV | _ | 20 ἀνεχούσης | advmod | medium | Adverb ‘between/in the middle’, modifying ἀνεχούσης. |
| 20 | ἀνεχούσης | ἀνέχω | VERB | V-Pres.Act.Part.Gen.Sg.Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 νενεμημένη | acl | medium | Genitive absolute-like attendant participle; ἄκρας is its genitive subject. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 πεπόλισταί | punct | high |
ἰόντων δὲ ἐς Πελλήνην ἄγαλμά ἐστιν Ἑρμοῦ κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν, ἐπίκλησιν μὲν Δόλιος, εὐχὰς δὲ ἀνθρώπων ἕτοιμος τελέσαι.
The genitive absolute ἰόντων δὲ means “as they go toward Pellene”; ἄγαλμα is the existential subject, with Ἑρμοῦ dependent on it. ἐπίκλησιν … Δόλιος gives the statue’s appellation, while ἕτοιμος τελέσαι agrees with the statue and takes εὐχάς as object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἰόντων | εἶμι | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with implied travelers. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 1 ἰόντων | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 4 Πελλήνην | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | Πελλήνην | Πελλήνη | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἰόντων | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 5 | ἄγαλμά | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Existential subject; accentuation reflects following enclitic. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | Ἑρμοῦ | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἄγαλμά | nmod | high | Genitive of identification/depiction. |
| 8 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 10 ὁδόν | case | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S--AFA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὁδόν | det | high | |
| 10 | ὁδόν | ὁδός | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἄγαλμά | obl | high | Location along the road. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὁδόν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἄγαλμά | parataxis | medium | Accusative of respect/appellation, loosely predicated of the statue. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X--------- | _ | 12 ἐπίκλησιν | discourse | high | |
| 14 | Δόλιος | Δόλιος | PROPN | A--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπίκλησιν | appos | medium | Name/title; formally nominative despite the preceding accusative appellation phrase. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐπίκλησιν | punct | high | |
| 16 | εὐχὰς | εὐχή | NOUN | N-PAF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 τελέσαι | obj | high | |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 12 ἐπίκλησιν | cc | medium | Contrasting continuation after μέν; coordination is elliptical. |
| 18 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 εὐχὰς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on εὐχάς. |
| 19 | ἕτοιμος | ἕτοιμος | ADJ | A--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἄγαλμά | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective referring semantically to Hermes/statue; masculine form follows Ἑρμοῦ, with ellipsis or textual irregularity. |
| 20 | τελέσαι | τελέω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 ἕτοιμος | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἕτοιμος. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high |
σχῆμα δὲ αὐτῷ τετράγωνον, γένειά τε ἔχει καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ πῖλον εἰργασμένον.
The sentence has a verbless first descriptive phrase (σχῆμα ... τετράγωνον) followed by ἔχει; πῖλον εἰργασμένον is coordinated with γένειά as an additional object, with ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ expressing location.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | σχῆμα | σχῆμα | NOUN | N--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχει; nominal description. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἔχει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-----SD3- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 ἔχει | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference, ‘he has’. |
| 4 | τετράγωνον | τετράγωνος | ADJ | A--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 σχῆμα | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective describing σχῆμα. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔχει | punct | high | |
| 6 | γένειά | γένειον | NOUN | N----PN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἔχει | obj | high | Object of ἔχει; plural neuter accusative ‘beard’. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 γένειά | cc | high | Correlative/additive enclitic. |
| 8 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate for the coordinated description. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 πῖλον | cc | high | Coordinates the second object with γένειά. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 κεφαλῇ | case | high | Preposition governing dative τῇ κεφαλῇ. |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 κεφαλῇ | det | high | |
| 12 | κεφαλῇ | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-----SF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 εἰργασμένον | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπί; location of the made cap. |
| 13 | πῖλον | πῖλος | NOUN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχει | obj | high | Second object of ἔχει. |
| 14 | εἰργασμένον | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-RMP-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 πῖλον | amod | medium | Perfect middle/passive participle modifying πῖλον; ‘worked/made’. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔχει | punct | high |