Grammar parses for passage 7.27.6
Open translation for this passage
λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς Κορινθίου συνεστῶτος πολέμου Πελληνεῦσιν ἀποκτείνειεν ὁ Πρόμαχος πλείστους τῶν ἀντιτεταγμένων.
The ὡς-clause is an indirect report dependent on λέγεται; Κορινθίου συνεστῶτος πολέμου is a genitive absolute, and ἀποκτείνειεν is an optative in indirect discourse with Πρόμαχος as subject and Πελληνεῦσιν as dative of reference/association. The exact force of ὡς and the optative is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal or passive reporting predicate. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | medium | Additive particle; attachment may be discourse-level. |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἀποκτείνειεν | mark | medium | Introduces reported content, plausibly a ὡς-clause. |
| 5 | Κορινθίου | Κορίνθιος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 συνεστῶτος | nmod | medium | Substantivized ethnic adjective, genitive absolute subject. |
| 6 | συνεστῶτος | συνίστημι | VERB | V-RAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 πολέμου | acl | high | Perfect active participle in genitive absolute. |
| 7 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀποκτείνειεν | obl | high | Genitive absolute predicate noun. |
| 8 | Πελληνεῦσιν | Πελληνεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀποκτείνειεν | obl | medium | Dative associated with the killing or dative of reference. |
| 9 | ἀποκτείνειεν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-AO-A-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | medium | Aorist optative in reported discourse; formally could be a potential optative, but context favors oblique report. |
| 10 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Πρόμαχος | det | high | |
| 11 | Πρόμαχος | Πρόμαχος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀποκτείνειεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀποκτείνειεν. |
| 12 | πλείστους | πολύς | ADJ | A-APM-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀποκτείνειεν | obj | high | Superlative direct object. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἀντιτεταγμένων | det | high | |
| 14 | ἀντιτεταγμένων | ἀντιτάσσω | VERB | V-RMP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 12 πλείστους | nmod | high | Substantivized genitive participle: those arrayed against him. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |
λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς Πουλυδάμαντος τοῦ Σκοτουσσαίου κρατήσειεν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ·
Infinitival/accusative construction is understood after λέγεται: ὡς introduces the reported clause, with genitive Πουλυδάμαντος τοῦ Σκοτουσσαίου as the subject of κρατήσειεν; the optative is oblique after a past reporting verb. The form κρατήσειεν is morphologically ambiguous in isolation but is treated here as aorist active optative, third singular.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive ‘it is said’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 4 ὡς | cc | high | Coordinating/additive particle introducing the reported content. |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 8 κρατήσειεν | mark | medium | Introduces the reported clause; syntactically attached to the optative predicate. |
| 5 | Πουλυδάμαντος | Πουλυδάμας | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 κρατήσειεν | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of the reported optative, with genitive licensed by the impersonal λέγεται construction. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Σκοτουσσαίου | det | high | Article agreeing with Σκοτουσσαίου. |
| 7 | Σκοτουσσαίου | Σκοτουσσαῖος | PROPN | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Πουλυδάμαντος | appos | medium | Ethnic/name apposition to Πουλυδάμαντος. |
| 8 | κρατήσειεν | κρατέω | VERB | V-A-O-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | low | Parsed as aorist active optative, third singular; could alternatively be analyzed as a different perfective formation depending on textual interpretation. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 10 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 10 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-LSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 κρατήσειεν | obl | high | Locative adjunct, ‘at Olympia’. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τὸν δὲ Πουλυδάμαντα δεύτερα τότε ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἀφῖχθαι τὸν Ὀλυμπικὸν παρὰ βασιλέως τοῦ Περσῶν ἀνασωθέντα οἴκαδε.
The sentence is an accusative-and-infinitive continuation whose governing reporting verb is supplied by context; Ὀλυμπικόν is treated as an adjectival modifier of the implied/elliptical contest noun associated with ἀγῶνα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | article-ACC-MASC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Πουλυδάμαντα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 Πουλυδάμαντα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Πουλυδάμαντα | Πουλυδάμας | PROPN | NAME-ACC-MASC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀφῖχθαι | csubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitival clause; governed by an omitted reporting predicate in context. |
| 4 | δεύτερα | δεύτερος | ADV | ADJ-ACC-NEUT-PL-ADVL | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἀφῖχθαι | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘second/second time’. |
| 5 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 9 ἀφῖχθαι | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 ἀγῶνα | case | high | Variant form ἐς. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | article-ACC-MASC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀγῶνα | det | high | |
| 8 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ACC-MASC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀφῖχθαι | obl | high | Goal/destination with ἐς. |
| 9 | ἀφῖχθαι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-PERF-ACT-INF | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active infinitive, with accusative subject Πουλυδάμαντα. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | article-ACC-MASC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Ὀλυμπικὸν | det | high | |
| 11 | Ὀλυμπικὸν | Ὀλυμπικός | ADJ | ADJ-ACC-MASC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀγῶνα | amod | medium | Substantivized/adjectival modifier of ἀγῶνα: ‘Olympic [contest]’. |
| 12 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 βασιλέως | case | high | With genitive, source/from. |
| 13 | βασιλέως | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-GEN-MASC-SG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀνασωθέντα | obl | high | Source complement of ἀνασωθέντα with παρά. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | article-GEN-MASC-SG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Περσῶν | det | high | |
| 15 | Περσῶν | Πέρσης | PROPN | NAME-GEN-MASC-PL | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 βασιλέως | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βασιλέως: ‘of the Persians’. |
| 16 | ἀνασωθέντα | ἀνασῴζω | VERB | V-AOR-PASS-PTCP-ACC-MASC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 ἀφῖχθαι | acl | medium | Aorist passive participle agreeing with Πουλυδάμαντα; modifies the accusative subject. |
| 17 | οἴκαδε | οἴκαδε | ADV | ADV | _ | 16 ἀνασωθέντα | advmod | high | Directional adverb, ‘homeward/home’. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀφῖχθαι | punct | high |
Θεσσαλοὶ δὲ ἡσσηθῆναι Πουλυδάμαντα οὐχ ὁμολογοῦντες παρέχονται καὶ ἄλλα ἐς πίστιν καὶ ἐλεγεῖον ἐπὶ τῷ Πουλυδάμαντι·
The Thessalians, not agreeing that they were defeated by Polydamas, produce other evidence and an elegiac poem concerning Polydamas; ἡσσηθῆναι is a passive infinitive with accusative subject Πουλυδάμαντα, while the understood subject of ὁμολογοῦντες is Θεσσαλοί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θεσσαλοὶ | Θεσσαλός | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 παρέχονται | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 παρέχονται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἡσσηθῆναι | ἡσσάομαι | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 6 ὁμολογοῦντες | ccomp | medium | Passive aorist infinitive; its accusative subject is Πουλυδάμαντα. |
| 4 | Πουλυδάμαντα | Πουλυδάμας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἡσσηθῆναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 5 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 6 ὁμολογοῦντες | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ὁμολογοῦντες | ὁμολογέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 παρέχονται | advcl | high | Concessive/negative participial clause; subject is Θεσσαλοί. |
| 7 | παρέχονται | παρέχω | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 παρέχονται | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural, coordinated with ἐλεγεῖον. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 πίστιν | case | high | |
| 11 | πίστιν | πίστις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἄλλα | obl | high | Purpose/reference phrase: ‘for proof/evidence’. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἐλεγεῖον | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἐλεγεῖον | ἐλεγεῖον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἄλλα | conj | high | Coordinated object with ἄλλα. |
| 14 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Πουλυδάμαντι | case | high | |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Πουλυδάμαντι | det | high | |
| 16 | Πουλυδάμαντι | Πουλυδάμας | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐλεγεῖον | nmod | high | Dative governed by ἐπί. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 παρέχονται | punct | high |
ὦ τροφὲ Πουλυδάμαντος ἀνικάτου Σκοτόεσσα.
The utterance is a vocative address: τροφέ is the syntactic root, with Σκοτόεσσα coordinated/appositional as a second vocative; Πουλυδάμαντος ἀνικάτου is a genitive nominal modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὦ | ὦ | INTJ | ἔκφρασις | _ | 2 τροφὲ | discourse | high | Vocative particle. |
| 2 | τροφὲ | τροφός | NOUN | n-s---mv- | Case=Vocative|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Vocative address; noun τροφός, here masculine vocative. |
| 3 | Πουλυδάμαντος | Πουλυδάμας | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 τροφὲ | nmod | high | Genitive patronymic/possessive modifier of τροφέ. |
| 4 | ἀνικάτου | ἀνίκητος | ADJ | a-s---mg- | Case=Genitive|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Πουλυδάμαντος | amod | high | Genitive adjective agreeing with Πουλυδάμαντος. |
| 5 | Σκοτόεσσα | Σκοτόεσσα | PROPN | n-s---fv- | Case=Vocative|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 τροφὲ | vocative | medium | Vocative proper name or epithet addressed alongside τροφέ; exact appositional relation is uncertain. |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 τροφὲ | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |