Grammar parses for passage 7.3.9
Open translation for this passage
ἀπελθόντες δὲ ἑκουσίως καὶ ἐκ τῆς Κολοφωνίας, οὕτω γῆν τε ἔσχον, ἣν καὶ νῦν ἔτι ἔχουσι, καὶ κατεσκευάσαντο ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ Κλαζομενὰς πόλιν·
The participle ἀπελθόντες supplies the preceding circumstance for the coordinated predicates ἔσχον and κατεσκευάσαντο; τε ... καί links possession of land with founding the city.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπελθόντες | ἀπέρχομαι | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Aspect=Perfective|Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Past|Voice=Active | 12 ἔσχον | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, agreeing with the understood subject of ἔσχον/κατεσκευάσαντο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 ἔσχον | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἑκουσίως | ἑκουσίως | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 1 ἀπελθόντες | advmod | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 ἀπελθόντες | cc | high | Coordinates the following prepositional phrase with ἑκουσίως. |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 7 Κολοφωνίας | case | high | |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Genitive|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 7 Κολοφωνίας | det | high | |
| 7 | Κολοφωνίας | Κολοφωνία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 1 ἀπελθόντες | obl | high | Place name governed by ἐκ. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπελθόντες | punct | high | |
| 9 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 ἔσχον | advmod | medium | Correlative adverb introducing the result/main assertion. |
| 10 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 12 ἔσχον | obj | high | |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 ἔσχον | cc | high | First member of the τε ... καί coordination. |
| 12 | ἔσχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated finite predicate. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔσχον | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-R-AS-F | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular|PronType=Rel | 18 ἔχουσι | obj | high | Relative pronoun, antecedent γῆν. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 νῦν | advmod | high | Adverbial καί meaning ‘even/also’. |
| 16 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | ADV | _ | 18 ἔχουσι | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 18 ἔχουσι | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ἔχουσι | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 12 ἔσχον | acl:relcl | high | Finite relative-clause predicate. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔχουσι | punct | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 21 κατεσκευάσαντο | cc | high | Coordinates κατεσκευάσαντο with ἔσχον. |
| 21 | κατεσκευάσαντο | κατασκευάζω | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Middle | 12 ἔσχον | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate; middle voice is lexical/reflexive in context. |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 24 ἠπείρῳ | case | high | |
| 23 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dative|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 24 ἠπείρῳ | det | high | |
| 24 | ἠπείρῳ | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 21 κατεσκευάσαντο | obl | high | Location with ἐν. |
| 25 | Κλαζομενὰς | Κλαζομεναί | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 26 πόλιν | compound | medium | Plural place name; spelling/form is treated as an attributive name. |
| 26 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 21 κατεσκευάσαντο | obj | high | Object of κατεσκευάσαντο: they established/founded a city. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 κατεσκευάσαντο | punct | high |
ἐς δὲ τὴν νῆσον διέβησαν δὴ κατὰ τὸ Περσῶν δέος.
The finite verb διέβησαν is the root; ἐς τὴν νῆσον is its directional complement. κατὰ τὸ Περσῶν δέος is an idiomatic κατά-phrase, likely expressing motivation/circumstance (‘because of fear of the Persians’); the exact semantic relation is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 νῆσον | case | high | Directional preposition governing τὴν νῆσον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 διέβησαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 νῆσον | det | high | |
| 4 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 διέβησαν | obl | high | Accusative complement of εἰς, functioning as directional oblique. |
| 5 | διέβησαν | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-3PAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 5 διέβησαν | advmod | high | Emphatic/discourse particle. |
| 7 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 10 δέος | case | medium | Governs the accusative phrase τὸ Περσῶν δέος; semantic force is contextual. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 δέος | det | high | |
| 9 | Περσῶν | Πέρσης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 δέος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δέος: fear of the Persians. |
| 10 | δέος | δέος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 διέβησαν | obl | medium | Object of κατά; the phrase may denote motive or circumstance. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 διέβησαν | punct | high |
Ἀλέξανδρος δὲ ἀνὰ χρόνον ἔμελλεν ὁ Φιλίππου χερρόνησον Κλαζομενὰς ἐργάσεσθαι χώματι ἐς τὴν νῆσον ἐκ τῆς ἠπείρου.
The construction means Alexander intended in time to turn the Chersonese of Philip into a mole/causeway to the island from the mainland. ἔμελλεν governs the future infinitive ἐργάσεσθαι; χερρόνησον is the object, with Κλαζομενὰς appositional/genitival specification. The phrase ἀνὰ χρόνον is adverbial, and the final prepositional phrases express material and direction/source.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀλέξανδρος | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔμελλεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 5 ἔμελλεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 4 χρόνον | case | medium | With χρόνον, adverbial duration/time expression. |
| 4 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | na----ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔμελλεν | obl | medium | Accusative of time/duration with ἀνά. |
| 5 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | v3siia--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Φιλίππου | det | high | Article associated with the following genitive name phrase. |
| 7 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | ne----mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 χερρόνησον | nmod | medium | Genitive of association/possession: Philip's Chersonese. |
| 8 | χερρόνησον | χερρόνησος | NOUN | nb----fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐργάσεσθαι | obj | medium | Object of ἐργάσεσθαι; article/name phrase is textually unusual. |
| 9 | Κλαζομενὰς | Κλαζομεναί | PROPN | ne----fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 χερρόνησον | nmod | low | Likely genitive proper name specifying the Chersonese; form is potentially textual/orthographic variant. |
| 10 | ἐργάσεσθαι | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | v--anm--- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 5 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Future middle infinitive complementary to ἔμελλεν. |
| 11 | χώματι | χῶμα | NOUN | nb----nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐργάσεσθαι | obl | high | Dative of material/instrument. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 14 νῆσον | case | high | |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 νῆσον | det | high | |
| 14 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | nb----fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐργάσεσθαι | obl | high | Goal/direction with ἐς. |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | r-------- | _ | 17 ἠπείρου | case | high | |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἠπείρου | det | high | |
| 17 | ἠπείρου | ἤπειρος | NOUN | nb----fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 νῆσον | nmod | high | Source phrase, ‘from the mainland,’ modifying the directional construction. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔμελλεν | punct | high |
τούτων τῶν Κλαζομενίων τὸ πολὺ οὐκ Ἴωνες, Κλεωναῖοι δὲ ἦσαν καὶ ἐκ Φλιοῦντος, ὅσοι Δωριέων ἐς Πελοπόννησον κατελθόντων ἐξέλιπον τὰς πόλεις·
The sentence has a copular clause with τὸ πολὺ as subject and coordinated predicate descriptions; ὅσοι introduces a relative clause containing a genitive absolute, κατελθόντων Δωριέων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | D-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Κλαζομενίων | det | high | Genitive demonstrative modifying Κλαζομενίων. |
| 2 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Κλαζομενίων | det | high | Article with Κλαζομενίων. |
| 3 | Κλαζομενίων | Κλαζομένιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 πολὺ | nmod | high | Genitive plural, partitive/relational with τὸ πολὺ. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 πολὺ | det | high | Substantivizing article with πολὺ. |
| 5 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, subject of ἦσαν. |
| 6 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 11 ἦσαν | advmod | high | Negates the nominal predicate. |
| 7 | Ἴωνες | Ἴων | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with omitted/copular ἦσαν. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 9 | Κλεωναῖοι | Κλεωναῖος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Coordinated predicate nominative. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 11 ἦσαν | cc | high | Adversative coordinator. |
| 11 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular finite verb; imperfect indicative. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 14 Φλιοῦντος | cc | high | Coordinates the two source phrases. |
| 13 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-G | _ | 14 Φλιοῦντος | case | high | Preposition governing Φλιοῦντος. |
| 14 | Φλιοῦντος | Φλιοῦς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Κλεωναῖοι | nmod | high | Source/place complement of Κλεωναῖοι. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 16 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐξέλιπον | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, subject of ἐξέλιπον. |
| 17 | Δωριέων | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 κατελθόντων | nsubj | medium | Genitive plural with κατελθόντων; agent/source genitive. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-ASM | _ | 19 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | Preposition governing Πελοπόννησον. |
| 19 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 κατελθόντων | obl | high | Goal complement of κατελθόντων. |
| 20 | κατελθόντων | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἐξέλιπον | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle, subordinate temporal clause. |
| 21 | ἐξέλιπον | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 ἦσαν | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause headed by ὅσοι. |
| 22 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 πόλεις | det | high | Article with πόλεις. |
| 23 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἐξέλιπον | obj | high | Object of ἐξέλιπον. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἦσαν | punct | high |