Grammar parses for passage 7.4.2
Open translation for this passage
τότε δὲ οἱ τὴν νῆσον οἰκοῦντες ἀνάγκῃ πλέον ἐδέξαντο ἢ εὐνοίᾳ συνοίκους Ἴωνας.
The inhabitants of the island accepted the Ionians more from necessity than goodwill; πλέον is an adverbial comparative modifying ἐδέξαντο, with ἢ εὐνοίᾳ introducing the comparison.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-A-- | PronType=Dem | 9 ἐδέξαντο | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐδέξαντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 οἰκοῦντες | det | high | Article substantivizes the participle. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 νῆσον | det | high | |
| 5 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 οἰκοῦντες | obj | high | Object of οἰκοῦντες. |
| 6 | οἰκοῦντες | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐδέξαντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized nominative participle: the inhabitants. |
| 7 | ἀνάγκῃ | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | N---DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐδέξαντο | obl | high | Dative of cause/necessity. |
| 8 | πλέον | πολύς | ADV | A-S---NC- | Degree=Cmp | 9 ἐδέξαντο | advmod | high | Adverbial neuter comparative, ‘more’. |
| 9 | ἐδέξαντο | δέχομαι | VERB | V-AIM-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 εὐνοίᾳ | mark | medium | Comparative conjunction; attached to the dative comparative phrase. |
| 11 | εὐνοίᾳ | εὔνοια | NOUN | N---DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πλέον | obl | medium | Dative of manner/cause in the comparative phrase. |
| 12 | συνοίκους | σύνοικος | ADJ | A----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Ἴωνας | amod | high | Substantival adjective, ‘fellow-inhabitants’. |
| 13 | Ἴωνας | Ἴων | PROPN | N---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐδέξαντο | obj | high | Personal name used substantivally with συνοίκους. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐδέξαντο | punct | high |
ἡγεμὼν δὲ ἦν τοῖς Ἴωσι Προκλῆς ὁ Πιτυρέως, αὐτός τε Ἐπιδαύριος καὶ Ἐπιδαυρίους ἦν τὸ πολὺ ἄγων, οἳ ὑπὸ Δηιφόντου καὶ Ἀργείων ἐκ τῆς Ἐπιδαυρίας ἐξεπεπτώκεσαν·
The sentence has a copular clause with Προκλῆς as predicate nominative and ἡγεμών as subject; ἄγων is a participial predicate with an understood subject coreferential with Προκλῆς, while οἳ introduces a relative clause modifying Ἐπιδαυρίους. The exact syntactic attachment of αὐτός τε and the semantic force of τὸ πολύ are somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡγεμὼν | ἡγεμών | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 3 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | d-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Ἴωσι | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἴωσι | Ἴων | PROPN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἦν | iobj | high | Dative of reference/constituency. |
| 6 | Προκλῆς | Προκλῆς | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with εἰμί. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | d-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Πιτυρέως | det | high | |
| 8 | Πιτυρέως | Πιτυρεύς | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Προκλῆς | appos | medium | Patronymic/name in apposition to Προκλῆς. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 10 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 18 ἄγων | nsubj | medium | Emphatic subject of the participial phrase, coreferential with Προκλῆς. |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 10 αὐτός | cc | high | |
| 12 | Ἐπιδαύριος | Ἐπιδαύριος | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 αὐτός | conj | medium | Substantivized adjective: ‘an Epidaurian’; coordinated with the emphatic pronoun. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 18 ἄγων | cc | high | |
| 14 | Ἐπιδαυρίους | Ἐπιδαύριος | ADJ | a-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἄγων | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ἄγων. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 18 ἄγων | aux | high | Periphrastic auxiliary with the present participle ἄγων. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | d-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 πολὺ | det | high | |
| 17 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἄγων | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘for the most part/generally’. |
| 18 | ἄγων | ἄγω | VERB | v-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἦν | conj | high | Present participle in periphrastic construction with ἦν. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἄγων | punct | high | |
| 20 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | p-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 28 ἐξεπεπτώκεσαν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to the substantivized Ἐπιδαυρίους. |
| 21 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 22 Δηιφόντου | case | high | |
| 22 | Δηιφόντου | Δηίφων | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἐξεπεπτώκεσαν | obl:agent | high | Agent with ὑπό in the passive clause. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 24 Ἀργείων | cc | high | |
| 24 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 Δηιφόντου | conj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated agent with Δηιφόντου. |
| 25 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | r-------- | _ | 27 Ἐπιδαυρίας | case | high | |
| 26 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | d-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 Ἐπιδαυρίας | det | high | |
| 27 | Ἐπιδαυρίας | Ἐπιδαυρία | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἐξεπεπτώκεσαν | obl | high | Source/place complement of ἐκ. |
| 28 | ἐξεπεπτώκεσαν | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | v3plia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 18 ἄγων | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate; pluperfect active form. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high |
τούτῳ τῷ Προκλεῖ γένος ἦν ἀπὸ Ἴωνος τοῦ Ξούθου.
Existential possession: γένος is the subject and ἦν the root; τούτῳ τῷ Προκλεῖ is a dative possessor, while ἀπὸ Ἴωνος τοῦ Ξούθου specifies descent. The dative demonstrative and article agree with Προκλεῖ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | DET | PDNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Προκλεῖ | det | high | Demonstrative determiner agreeing with Προκλεῖ; dative possessor phrase. |
| 2 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Προκλεῖ | det | high | Article agreeing with the proper name Προκλεῖ. |
| 3 | Προκλεῖ | Προκλῆς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἦν | iobj | high | Dative possessor with existential ἦν. |
| 4 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἦν | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject of the existential clause. |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect existential verb. |
| 6 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P-G | _ | 7 Ἴωνος | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive name. |
| 7 | Ἴωνος | Ἴων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γένος | nmod | high | Genitive of ancestry or origin modifying γένος. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ξούθου | det | high | Article agreeing with Ξούθου. |
| 9 | Ξούθου | Ξοῦθος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἴωνος | nmod | medium | Appositional/identifying genitive specifying Ἴωνος as the son of Xouthos. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high |
Ἄνδροκλος δὲ καὶ Ἐφέσιοι στρατεύουσιν ἐπὶ Λεώγορον τὸν Προκλέους, βασιλεύοντα μετὰ τὸν πατέρα ἐν Σάμῳ, καὶ μάχῃ νικήσαντες ἐξελαύνουσιν ἐκ τῆς νήσου Σαμίους·
The participle βασιλεύοντα is an accusative masculine singular circumstantial/attributive participle agreeing with Λεώγορον; νικήσαντες is aorist active nominative masculine plural agreeing with the coordinated subject Ἄνδροκλος καὶ Ἐφέσιοι. The prepositional phrase ἐκ τῆς νήσου governs the expelled Σαμίους semantically as object of ἐξελαύνουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄνδροκλος | Ἄνδροκλος | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 στρατεύουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 στρατεύουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Ἐφέσιοι | cc | high | |
| 4 | Ἐφέσιοι | Ἐφέσιος | PROPN | Ne-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 στρατεύουσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic noun used substantivally. |
| 5 | στρατεύουσιν | στρατεύω | VERB | V3PPAI-------- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Λεώγορον | case | high | With accusative, expressing movement/action against. |
| 7 | Λεώγορον | Λεώγορος | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 στρατεύουσιν | obl | high | |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---ma---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Προκλέους | det | high | |
| 9 | Προκλέους | Προκλῆς | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Λεώγορον | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive, ‘son of Procles’. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 βασιλεύοντα | punct | high | |
| 11 | βασιλεύοντα | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-SMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 Λεώγορον | acl | high | Agrees with Λεώγορον; temporal/attributive force. |
| 12 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 πατέρα | case | high | With accusative, ‘after’. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---ma---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 πατέρα | det | high | |
| 14 | πατέρα | πατήρ | NOUN | N3msa | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 βασιλεύοντα | obl | high | |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Σάμῳ | case | high | Locative preposition. |
| 16 | Σάμῳ | Σάμος | PROPN | Ne-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 βασιλεύοντα | obl | high | |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 νικήσαντες | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 νικήσαντες | cc | high | Coordinates the participial clause with the following action. |
| 19 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N3fsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 νικήσαντες | obl | medium | Dative of means/manner, ‘in battle’; could be analyzed as obl of νικήσαντες or ἐξελαύνουσιν. |
| 20 | νικήσαντες | νικάω | VERB | V-2AAP-PMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἐξελαύνουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle agreeing with the plural subject. |
| 21 | ἐξελαύνουσιν | ἐξελαύνω | VERB | V3PPAI-------- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 στρατεύουσιν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb, with subject shared from στρατεύουσιν. |
| 22 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 νήσου | case | high | |
| 23 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S---fg---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 νήσου | det | high | |
| 24 | νήσου | νῆσος | NOUN | N1fsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐξελαύνουσιν | obl | high | |
| 25 | Σαμίους | Σάμιος | PROPN | Ne-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐξελαύνουσιν | obj | high | Ethnic noun used substantivally; people expelled from the island. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 στρατεύουσιν | punct | high |
αἰτίαν δὲ ἐπέφερον μετὰ Καρῶν σφᾶς ἐπιβουλεύειν Ἴωσι.
The infinitive phrase σφᾶς ἐπιβουλεύειν Ἴωσι is the content/complement of ἐπέφερον; μετὰ Καρῶν is an accompanying-entity phrase, though its precise attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπέφερον | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐπέφερον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐπέφερον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπέφερον | ἐπιφέρω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb, ‘they alleged/advanced’. |
| 4 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 ἐπιβουλεύειν | case | medium | With genitive Καρῶν, expressing association; attachment to the infinitival allegation is somewhat uncertain. |
| 5 | Καρῶν | Κᾶρ | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 μετὰ | obl | high | Genitive complement of μετά; ethnic proper name. |
| 6 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 ἐπιβουλεύειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 7 | ἐπιβουλεύειν | ἐπιβουλεύω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἐπέφερον | xcomp | high | Infinitival content/complement of ἐπέφερον. |
| 8 | Ἴωσι | Ἴων | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπιβουλεύειν | iobj | high | Dative target of ἐπιβουλεύειν, ‘against/to the Ionians’. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐπέφερον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |