Grammar parses for passage 7.4.2
Open translation for this passage
ἡγεμὼν δὲ ἦν τοῖς Ἴωσι Προκλῆς ὁ Πιτυρέως, αὐτός τε Ἐπιδαύριος καὶ Ἐπιδαυρίους ἦν τὸ πολὺ ἄγων, οἳ ὑπὸ Δηιφόντου καὶ Ἀργείων ἐκ τῆς Ἐπιδαυρίας ἐξεπεπτώκεσαν·
The sentence contains two main clauses with a relative clause; the participial construction at ἦν τὸ πολὺ ἄγων is somewhat idiomatic, and Ἴωσι is interpreted as a dative of reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡγεμὼν | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | Predicate noun with ἦν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | P-------- | _ | 3 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 Ἴωσι | det | high | Article with Ἴωσι. |
| 5 | Ἴωσι | Ἴων | PROPN | N-P---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἦν | iobj | medium | Likely dative of reference/interest with ἡγεμών. |
| 6 | Προκλῆς | Προκλῆς | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἡγεμὼν | appos | high | Apposition to ἡγεμών. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-MS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Πιτυρέως | det | high | Article with patronymic. |
| 8 | Πιτυρέως | Πιτυρεύς | PROPN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Προκλῆς | nmod | high | Patronymic in apposition to Προκλῆς. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | A-----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | nsubj | high | Refers back to Προκλῆς. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 αὐτός | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 12 | Ἐπιδαύριος | Ἐπιδαύριος | ADJ | A---NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 αὐτός | amod | high | Predicative adjective with implied ἦν. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 Ἐπιδαυρίους | cc | high | Connects coordinated predicate. |
| 14 | Ἐπιδαυρίους | Ἐπιδαύριος | ADJ | A---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἄγων | obj | medium | Accusative with participle ἄγων. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 18 ἄγων | aux | high | Auxiliary/copula for participle phrase. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 πολὺ | det | high | Article with πολὺ. |
| 17 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-S---AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἄγων | obj | medium | Neuter substantive modifying ἄγων; idiomatic adverbial accusative 'for the most part'. |
| 18 | ἄγων | ἄγω | VERB | PAP-SNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἦν | xcomp | high | Participial complement with ἦν. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 28 ἐξεπεπτώκεσαν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun subject of ἐξεπεπτώκεσαν. |
| 21 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 Δηιφόντου | case | high | Marker of agent phrase. |
| 22 | Δηιφόντου | Δηιφόντης | PROPN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἐξεπεπτώκεσαν | obl | high | Agent/ablative complement with ὑπό. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 Ἀργείων | cc | high | Coordinates genitives. |
| 24 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 Δηιφόντου | conj | high | Genitive plural coordinated with Δηιφόντου. |
| 25 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 τῆς | case | high | Case marker. |
| 26 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 Ἐπιδαυρίας | det | high | Article with Ἐπιδαυρίας. |
| 27 | Ἐπιδαυρίας | Ἐπιδαυρία | NOUN | N-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἐξεπεπτώκεσαν | obl | high | Source phrase with ἐκ. |
| 28 | ἐξεπεπτώκεσαν | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V-IXA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Finite verb of the relative clause; deictic perfect/pluperfect form, parsed as pluperfect indicative. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐξεπεπτώκεσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τούτῳ τῷ Προκλεῖ γένος ἦν ἀπὸ Ἴωνος τοῦ Ξούθου.
The main clause is copular with ἦν as root; the dative phrase τούτῳ τῷ Προκλεῖ is a dative of possession/attribution, and the origin phrase ἀπὸ Ἴωνος τοῦ Ξούθου is an oblique prepositional complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | DET | Pds-D---m- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 Προκλεῖ | det | high | Demonstrative agreeing with Προκλεῖ. |
| 2 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Tdf-D---m- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Προκλεῖ | det | high | Article modifying Προκλεῖ. |
| 3 | Προκλεῖ | Πρόκλεια | PROPN | Nea--d--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γένος | nmod | medium | Proper name in dative, dependent on γένος. |
| 4 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3siia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb, root of the clause. |
| 6 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-- | _ | 7 Ἴωνος | case | high | Preposition governing Ἴωνος. |
| 7 | Ἴωνος | Ἴων | PROPN | Nea---g-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἦν | obl | high | Prepositional oblique expressing descent/origin. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Tdf-G---m- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Ξούθου | det | high | Article modifying Ξούθου. |
| 9 | Ξούθου | Ξοῦθος | PROPN | Nea---g-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἴωνος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Ἴωνος. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ἄνδροκλος δὲ καὶ Ἐφέσιοι στρατεύουσιν ἐπὶ Λεώγορον τὸν Προκλέους, βασιλεύοντα μετὰ τὸν πατέρα ἐν Σάμῳ, καὶ μάχῃ νικήσαντες ἐξελαύνουσιν ἐκ τῆς νήσου Σαμίους·
The syntax is straightforward overall, but Λεώγορον τὸν Προκλέους is somewhat appositional/elliptical, and βασιλεύοντα is best taken as a participial modifier with locative ἐν Σάμῳ and genitive/accusative complements.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄνδροκλος | Ἄνδροκλος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 στρατεύουσιν | nsubj | high | Proper name subject of στρατεύουσιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 στρατεύουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Ἐφέσιοι | cc | high | Links the two coordinated subjects. |
| 4 | Ἐφέσιοι | Ἐφέσιος | NOUN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 στρατεύουσιν | conj | high | Second coordinated subject with Ἄνδροκλος. |
| 5 | στρατεύουσιν | στρατεύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 5 στρατεύουσιν | case | high | Introduces goal/against phrase. |
| 7 | Λεώγορον | Λεώγορος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 στρατεύουσιν | obl | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Προκλέους | det | high | Article modifying Προκλέους. |
| 9 | Προκλέους | Προκλῆς | PROPN | NNG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Λεώγορον | appos | medium | Genitive apposition/descriptor of Λεώγορον; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 Λεώγορον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | βασιλεύοντα | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 Λεώγορον | acl | high | Participial modifier of Λεώγορον. |
| 12 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | _ | _ | 11 βασιλεύοντα | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 πατέρα | det | high | Article modifying πατέρα. |
| 14 | πατέρα | πατήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 βασιλεύοντα | obl | high | Object of μετὰ. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 16 Σάμῳ | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 16 | Σάμῳ | Σάμος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 βασιλεύοντα | obl | high | Locative complement of βασιλεύοντα. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 βασιλεύοντα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 ἐξελαύνουσιν | cc | high | Links coordinated participial clause to main clause. |
| 19 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 νικήσαντες | obl | high | Dative of means/instrument with νικήσαντες. |
| 20 | νικήσαντες | νικάω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἐξελαύνουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the subject of ἐξελαύνουσιν. |
| 21 | ἐξελαύνουσιν | ἐξελαύνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 στρατεύουσιν | conj | high | Coordinated main verb with στρατεύουσιν. |
| 22 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 21 ἐξελαύνουσιν | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 23 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 νήσου | det | high | Article modifying νήσου. |
| 24 | νήσου | νῆσος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐξελαύνουσιν | obl | high | Object of ἐκ. |
| 25 | Σαμίους | Σάμιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐξελαύνουσιν | obj | high | Accusative plural object of ἐξελαύνουσιν, referring to Samians. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐξελαύνουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
αἰτίαν δὲ ἐπέφερον μετὰ Καρῶν σφᾶς ἐπιβουλεύειν Ἴωσι.
The syntax is a bit compressed: αἰτίαν is the object of ἐπέφερον, and the infinitival clause with accusative subject σφᾶς depends on it; μετὰ Καρῶν is best taken as a modifier within the accusative phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπέφερον | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπέφερον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἐπέφερον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐπέφερον | ἐπιφέρω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 4 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Καρῶν | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 5 | Καρῶν | Κάρ | PROPN | N-PGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 αἰτίαν | nmod | medium | Likely genitive complement of αἰτίαν; form could be treated as proper noun 'Κάρες'. |
| 6 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-PAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 ἐπιβουλεύειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive ἐπιβουλεύειν. |
| 7 | ἐπιβουλεύειν | ἐπιβουλεύω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 ἐπέφερον | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἐπέφερον. |
| 8 | Ἴωσι | Ἴων | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπιβουλεύειν | obl | medium | Dative of the target/indirect object with ἐπιβουλεύειν. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐπέφερον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |