Grammar parses for passage 7.6.8
Open translation for this passage
τοῦτο μὲν δὴ Πελοποννησίων ἦν τότε ἁπάντων βούλευμα·
τοῦτο is the neuter nominative subject; βούλευμα is the nominative predicate noun with copular ἦν. Πελοποννησίων and ἁπάντων are genitives dependent on βούλευμα, meaning the resolution of all the Peloponnesians.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 βούλευμα | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G----- | _ | 8 βούλευμα | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart may occur outside this sentence. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G----- | _ | 8 βούλευμα | discourse | high | |
| 4 | Πελοποννησίων | Πελοποννήσιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 βούλευμα | nmod | medium | Substantivized ethnic adjective: 'of the Peloponnesians'. |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 βούλευμα | cop | high | |
| 6 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D----- | _ | 5 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 7 | ἁπάντων | ἅπας | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Πελοποννησίων | amod | high | Modifies the substantivized Πελοποννησίων. |
| 8 | βούλευμα | βούλευμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 βούλευμα | punct | high |
προεστήκεσαν κατʼ ἰσχὺν οὐδένες ἔτι τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ·
The sentence is elliptical: προεστήκεσαν governs οὐδένες as its subject and takes the genitive τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ; κατʼ ἰσχύν means ‘in strength/power’. The verb form is morphologically ambiguous between pluperfect active 3pl and perfect active 3pl with imperfective spelling conventions; pluperfect is preferred contextually.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προεστήκεσαν | προΐστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=3|Person=3|Tense=Pluperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Pluperfect active 3pl; formally can overlap with perfect active 3pl. |
| 2 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 3 ἰσχὺν | case | high | Elided form before vowel-initial ἰσχύν. |
| 3 | ἰσχὺν | ἰσχύς | NOUN | N-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 προεστήκεσαν | obl | high | |
| 4 | οὐδένες | οὐδείς | PRON | P-NOM-MP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 προεστήκεσαν | nsubj | high | Substantival negative pronoun/adjective, masculine nominative plural. |
| 5 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 1 προεστήκεσαν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 Ἑλληνικοῦ | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἑλληνικοῦ | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 προεστήκεσαν | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘the Greek (world/realm)’; genitive dependent on προΐστημι. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 προεστήκεσαν | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίους μὲν γὰρ τὸ ἐν Λεύκτροις πταῖσμα καὶ ἅμα οἵ τε Ἀρκάδες συνεληλυθότες ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι παροικοῦντες ἀνασώσασθαι τὴν προτέραν ἔτι εὐδαιμονίαν ἐκώλυον·
Λακεδαιμονίους is the accusative subject of the infinitive ἀνασώσασθαι, with coordinated causal subjects τὸ πταῖσμα, οἵ τε Ἀρκάδες, and οἱ Μεσσήνιοι; ἐκώλυον governs the infinitival complement. The coordination around ἅμα is mildly ambiguous, but the analysis treats it as an adverb modifying the coordinated causes.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀνασώσασθαι | csubj | high | Accusative subject of the complementary infinitive. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 1 Λακεδαιμονίους | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 26 ἐκώλυον | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---NA---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 πταῖσμα | det | high | Article substantivizing the neuter noun phrase. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Λεύκτροις | case | high | Preposition governing Λεύκτροις. |
| 6 | Λεύκτροις | Λεύκτρα | PROPN | N---ND---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 πταῖσμα | obl | high | Place name governed by ἐν. |
| 7 | πταῖσμα | πταῖσμα | NOUN | N---NN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 ἐκώλυον | nsubj | high | First coordinated cause/subject of ἐκώλυον. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 Ἀρκάδες | cc | high | Coordinates the following causal subject with τὸ πταῖσμα. |
| 9 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 26 ἐκώλυον | advmod | medium | Adverbial marker meaning at the same time/together; scope is somewhat ambiguous. |
| 10 | οἵ | ὁ | PRON | P---NM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Ἀρκάδες | det | high | Article functioning substantivally with Ἀρκάδες. |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 Ἀρκάδες | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 12 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N---NM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πταῖσμα | conj | medium | Coordinated nominative causal subject; syntactic attachment may alternatively be to ἐκώλυον. |
| 13 | συνεληλυθότες | συνέρχομαι | VERB | V-RAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 12 Ἀρκάδες | acl | high | Perfect active participle modifying Ἀρκάδες. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 πόλιν | case | high | Preposition governing Μεγάλην πόλιν. |
| 15 | Μεγάλην | μέγας | ADJ | A---AF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 πόλιν | amod | high | Adjective modifying πόλιν. |
| 16 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N---AF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 συνεληλυθότες | obl | high | Goal complement of συνεληλυθότες. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 Μεσσήνιοι | cc | high | Coordinates the second causal subject. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S---NM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article substantivizing Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 19 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A---NM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πταῖσμα | conj | medium | Second coordinated nominative causal subject. |
| 20 | παροικοῦντες | παροικέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 Μεσσήνιοι | acl | high | Present active participle modifying Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 21 | ἀνασώσασθαι | ἀνασῴζω | VERB | V-2AAP---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 26 ἐκώλυον | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive governed by ἐκώλυον. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---AF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 εὐδαιμονίαν | det | high | Article modifying εὐδαιμονίαν. |
| 23 | προτέραν | πρότερος | ADJ | A---AF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 εὐδαιμονίαν | amod | high | Adjective modifying εὐδαιμονίαν. |
| 24 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 25 εὐδαιμονίαν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the infinitival restoration. |
| 25 | εὐδαιμονίαν | εὐδαιμονία | NOUN | N---AF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἀνασώσασθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀνασώσασθαι. |
| 26 | ἐκώλυον | κωλύω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐκώλυον | punct | high |