Grammar parses for passage 7.6.8
Open translation for this passage
τοῦτο μὲν δὴ Πελοποννησίων ἦν τότε ἁπάντων βούλευμα·
The main difficulty is the genitive phrase Πελοποννησίων ἁπάντων, which functions as a compressive modifier of βούλευμα rather than a full clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 βούλευμα | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν; nominative neuter demonstrative. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 τοῦτο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 τοῦτο | discourse | high | Enclitic emphatic particle. |
| 4 | Πελοποννησίων | Πελοποννήσιος | ADJ | A--PGM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 βούλευμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of βούλευμα, expressing possession/source. |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SIIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential predicate; root of the clause. |
| 6 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 ἦν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying ἦν. |
| 7 | ἁπάντων | ἅπας | ADJ | A--PGM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 βούλευμα | amod | medium | Likely agreeing with Πελοποννησίων in a partitive/totalizing genitive phrase; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 8 | βούλευμα | βούλευμα | NOUN | N--NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἦν | nsubj | high | Predicate subject with τοῦτο: 'this was the plan'. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐπεὶ δὲ Γαλάται ναυσὶν ὅντινα δὴ τρόπον διαβεβήκεσαν ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν, ἐνταῦθα εἶχεν οὕτω τὰ Ἑλλήνων.
Main clause with temporal/circumstantial clause introduced by ἐπεὶ; ὅντινα δὴ τρόπον functions adverbially as an interrogative-relative phrase modifying διαβεβήκεσαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | _ | _ | 14 εἶχεν | mark | high | Introduces the temporal/circumstantial clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 Γαλάται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Γαλάται | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N--MPN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 διαβεβήκεσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of διαβεβήκεσαν. |
| 4 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DFP--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 διαβεβήκεσαν | advmod | medium | Dative of means/instrument; form is plural dative. |
| 5 | ὅντινα | ὅστις | PRON | P-? | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 τρόπον | amod | medium | Interrogative-relative element of fixed phrase; morphology partly uncertain. |
| 6 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 5 ὅντινα | discourse | high | Emphatic particle within the phrase. |
| 7 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N-ASM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 διαβεβήκεσαν | obl | high | Adverbial accusative in the phrase ὅντινα δὴ τρόπον. |
| 8 | διαβεβήκεσαν | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-RAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 14 εἶχεν | advcl | high | Verb of the temporal/circumstantial clause. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-- | _ | 11 Ἀσίαν | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀσίαν. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Ἀσίαν | det | high | Definite article. |
| 11 | Ἀσίαν | Ἀσία | PROPN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 διαβεβήκεσαν | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 διαβεβήκεσαν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 13 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D--------- | _ | 14 εἶχεν | advmod | high | Locative adverb modifying εἶχεν. |
| 14 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 15 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D--------- | _ | 14 εἶχεν | advmod | high | Manner adverb modifying εἶχεν. |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-NPN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | Article with Ἑλλήνων; syntactic relation reflects the genitive phrase. |
| 17 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 εἶχεν | obj | low | Likely partitive/genitive with τὰ; construction is semantically difficult. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 εἶχεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
προεστήκεσαν κατʼ ἰσχὺν οὐδένες ἔτι τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ·
The phrase κατʼ ἰσχὺν is treated as a prepositional modifier, and τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ is attached as a genitive modifier of ἰσχὺν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προεστήκεσαν | προΐστημι | VERB | V-3PRAI--- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=Third|Tense=Pluperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, main predicate. |
| 2 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | R--- | AdpType=Prep | 3 ἰσχὺν | case | high | Preposition governing ἰσχύν. |
| 3 | ἰσχὺν | ἰσχύς | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 προεστήκεσαν | obl | high | Adverbial accusative with κατά. |
| 4 | οὐδένες | οὐδείς | PRON | P---MPN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 1 προεστήκεσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of προεστήκεσαν. |
| 5 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 προεστήκεσαν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-SGSM--- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 7 Ἑλληνικοῦ | det | high | Article modifying Ἑλληνικοῦ. |
| 7 | Ἑλληνικοῦ | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A-SGSM--- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 3 ἰσχὺν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ἰσχύς; likely partitive or descriptive genitive, with article. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 προεστήκεσαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμονίους μὲν γὰρ τὸ ἐν Λεύκτροις πταῖσμα καὶ ἅμα οἵ τε Ἀρκάδες συνεληλυθότες ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι παροικοῦντες ἀνασώσασθαι τὴν προτέραν ἔτι εὐδαιμονίαν ἐκώλυον·
Main clause with plural imperfect ἐκώλυον; the nominal subject is a coordinated complex ('Λακεδαιμονίους ... Ἀρκάδες ... Μεσσήνιοι') and the infinitive ἀνασώσασθαι expresses the prevented action.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Ne_Acc_Pl_M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἐκώλυον | obj | high | Direct object of the verb 'prevented'. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Ptcl | _ | 1 Λακεδαιμονίους | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Ptcl | _ | 26 ἐκώλυον | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art_Acc_Sg_N | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 πταῖσμα | det | high | Article with πταῖσμα. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Pd | _ | 6 Λεύκτροις | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 6 | Λεύκτροις | Λεύκτρα | PROPN | Ne_Dat_Pl_N | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 πταῖσμα | nmod | high | Prepositional complement of ἐν. |
| 7 | πταῖσμα | πταῖσμα | NOUN | N_Sg_Nn | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 ἐκώλυον | nsubj | medium | Nominative not marked in form? Here taken as subject of ἐκώλυον despite accusative article; phrase is syntactically difficult. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Coord | _ | 26 ἐκώλυον | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 9 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | D | _ | 26 ἐκώλυον | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the coordination. |
| 10 | οἵ | ὁ | DET | Art_Nom_Pl_M | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 Ἀρκάδες | det | high | Article with Ἀρκάδες. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | Ptcl | _ | 10 οἵ | discourse | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 12 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Ne_Nom_Pl_M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἐκώλυον | nsubj | high | Part of coordinated subject. |
| 13 | συνεληλυθότες | συνέρχομαι | VERB | V-RAP-APM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 Ἀρκάδες | amod | high | Attributive participle modifying Ἀρκάδες. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Pd | _ | 16 πόλιν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 15 | Μεγάλην | μέγας | ADJ | A_Acc_Sg_F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 πόλιν | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying πόλιν. |
| 16 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N_Acc_Sg_F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 συνεληλυθότες | obl | high | Goal of συνεληλυθότες. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Coord | _ | 19 Μεσσήνιοι | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art_Nom_Pl_M | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article with Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 19 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Ne_Nom_Pl_M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἐκώλυον | nsubj | high | Part of coordinated subject. |
| 20 | παροικοῦντες | παροικέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 Μεσσήνιοι | amod | high | Attributive participle modifying Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 21 | ἀνασώσασθαι | ἀνασῴζω | VERB | V-ADN | Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 26 ἐκώλυον | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἐκώλυον. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art_Acc_Sg_F | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 εὐδαιμονίαν | det | high | Article with εὐδαιμονίαν. |
| 23 | προτέραν | πρότερος | ADJ | A_Acc_Sg_F | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 εὐδαιμονίαν | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying εὐδαιμονίαν. |
| 24 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 25 εὐδαιμονίαν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying εὐδαιμονίαν. |
| 25 | εὐδαιμονίαν | εὐδαιμονία | NOUN | N_Acc_Sg_F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἀνασώσασθαι | obj | high | Object of ἀνασώσασθαι. |
| 26 | ἐκώλυον | κωλύω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐκώλυον | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |