Grammar parses for passage 7.8.4
Open translation for this passage
ὅσα μὲν δὴ Ἀχαιοὶ Μακεδόσιν ἢ στρατιᾷ τῇ Σύρων ἐναντία ἐτάξαντο, φιλίᾳ τῇ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους ἔπραξαν·
Asyndetic juxtaposition of two main clauses; token 1 is best taken as the accusative relative object of ἐτάξαντο, though the exact semantic linkage is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | Pp-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 11 ἐτάξαντο | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to things/actions implied by the clause. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 ἐτάξαντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 ἐτάξαντο | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | NOUN | N-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐτάξαντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐτάξαντο. |
| 5 | Μακεδόσιν | Μακεδών | NOUN | N-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐτάξαντο | obl | medium | Dative complement with ἐναντία; possibly dative of opposition/advantage. |
| 6 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 Μακεδόσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the dative phrase with the following phrase. |
| 7 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | N-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Μακεδόσιν | conj | high | Second coordinated dative complement. |
| 8 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Σύρων | det | high | Article modifying Σύρων. |
| 9 | Σύρων | Σύρος | NOUN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 στρατιᾷ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of στρατιᾷ. |
| 10 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἐτάξαντο | obj | low | Likely adverbial/accusative of respect with ἐτάξαντο; morphology is ambiguous in context. |
| 11 | ἐτάξαντο | τάσσω | VERB | V-3pami-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐτάξαντο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 13 | φιλίᾳ | φιλία | NOUN | N-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἔπραξαν | obl | high | Dative of manner/means with ἔπραξαν. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 φιλίᾳ | det | high | Article modifying φιλίᾳ. |
| 15 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Ῥωμαίους | case | high | Preposition governing Ῥωμαίους. |
| 16 | Ῥωμαίους | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 φιλίᾳ | nmod | high | Object of πρός forming an attributive phrase to φιλίᾳ. |
| 17 | ἔπραξαν | πράσσω | VERB | V-3paia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἔπραξαν | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
ἐς δὲ Αἰτωλοὺς ἐκ παλαιοῦ σφισιν ἦν οἰκεῖα ἐγκλήματα.
The clause is copular: ἐγκλήματα is the subject of ἦν, with οἰκεῖα as predicate adjective; ἐς Αἰτωλοὺς and ἐκ παλαιοῦ are prepositional modifiers.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 9 ἐγκλήματα | case | high | Preposition governing Αἰτωλούς. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἐγκλήματα | cc | high | Postpositive conjunction. |
| 3 | Αἰτωλοὺς | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐγκλήματα | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἐς. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 5 παλαιοῦ | case | high | Preposition modifying παλαιοῦ. |
| 5 | παλαιοῦ | παλαιός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐγκλήματα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent in the phrase ἐκ παλαιοῦ. |
| 6 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 9 ἐγκλήματα | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possessor-like relation with ἦν. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb as sentence root. |
| 8 | οἰκεῖα | οἰκεῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐγκλήματα | amod | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with ἐγκλήματα. |
| 9 | ἐγκλήματα | ἔγκλημα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject with predicate adjective οἰκεῖα. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐπεὶ δὲ ἡ Νάβιδος ἐν Σπάρτῃ τυραννὶς κατελέλυτο, ἐς πλείστην ὠμότητα ἀνδρὸς ἀφικομένου, τὰ ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους αὐτίκα ἐνεπεπτώκει·
The syntax is somewhat compressed: a genitive absolute (ἀνδρὸς ἀφικομένου) and a following clause with substantive τὰ and oblique phrase ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους are attached to the later pluperfect ἐνεπεπτώκει.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | _ | _ | 8 κατελέλυτο | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing temporal clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 κατελέλυτο | advmod | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 τυραννὶς | det | high | Article with Νάβιδος as appositive/genitive modifier. |
| 4 | Νάβιδος | Νάβις | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 τυραννὶς | nmod | high | Genitive proper name modifying τυραννίς. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 6 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 6 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 κατελέλυτο | obl | high | Locative oblique within the main temporal clause. |
| 7 | τυραννὶς | τυραννίς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 κατελέλυτο | nsubj | high | Subject of κατελέλυτο. |
| 8 | κατελέλυτο | καταλύω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; pluperfect middle/passive in form. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κατελέλυτο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 12 ὠμότητα | case | high | Preposition governing πλείστην ὠμότητα. |
| 11 | πλείστην | πλεῖστος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὠμότητα | amod | high | Superlative adjective modifying ὠμότητα. |
| 12 | ὠμότητα | ὠμότης | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἐνεπεπτώκει | obl | medium | Accusative of extent/goal with ἀφικομένου? likely attached to participial phrase semantically. |
| 13 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφικομένου | nsubj | high | Subject of participle ἀφικομένου. |
| 14 | ἀφικομένου | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 21 ἐνεπεπτώκει | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κατελέλυτο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 ἐνεπεπτώκει | nsubj | medium | Article functioning substantively with omitted noun understood; refers to things/events. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 19 Λακεδαιμονίους | case | high | Preposition governing Λακεδαιμονίους. |
| 18 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Λακεδαιμονίους | det | high | Article with ethnic noun. |
| 19 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐνεπεπτώκει | obl | high | Oblique complement with ἐς. |
| 20 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | _ | _ | 21 ἐνεπεπτώκει | advmod | high | Immediate temporal adverb. |
| 21 | ἐνεπεπτώκει | ἐμπίπτω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Possible main verb of second clause; form and syntax somewhat difficult, but treated as coordinated/root-level predication. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐνεπεπτώκει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |