Grammar parses for passage 7.8.4
Open translation for this passage
ὅσα μὲν δὴ Ἀχαιοὶ Μακεδόσιν ἢ στρατιᾷ τῇ Σύρων ἐναντία ἐτάξαντο, φιλίᾳ τῇ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους ἔπραξαν·
The initial neuter plural ὅσα is a substantivized relative object of ἔπραξαν; ἐτάξαντο forms an embedded participle-free finite clause modifying the scope of 'whatever the Achaeans arrayed against the Macedonians or the Syrian army'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅσα | ὅσος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἔπραξαν | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural relative pronoun/adjective: 'whatever things'. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-P | _ | 17 ἔπραξαν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-P | _ | 17 ἔπραξαν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐτάξαντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | Μακεδόσιν | Μακεδών | PROPN | NPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐναντία | obl | high | Dative with ἐναντία. |
| 6 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 στρατιᾷ | cc | high | |
| 7 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | NFD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐναντία | obl | high | Coordinated dative complement of ἐναντία. |
| 8 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | D-FSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 στρατιᾷ | det | high | |
| 9 | Σύρων | Σύρος | PROPN | NPG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 στρατιᾷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on στρατιᾷ. |
| 10 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἐτάξαντο | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with τάσσομαι: 'arrayed [things] against'. |
| 11 | ἐτάξαντο | τάσσω | VERB | V-AIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 17 ἔπραξαν | advcl | high | Middle aorist: 'they arrayed/undertook'; governs ἐναντία. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἔπραξαν | punct | high | |
| 13 | φιλίᾳ | φιλία | NOUN | N-FSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἔπραξαν | obl | high | Dative of means or motive: 'through friendship'. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | D-FSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 φιλίᾳ | det | high | |
| 15 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 16 Ῥωμαίους | case | high | |
| 16 | Ῥωμαίους | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 φιλίᾳ | nmod | high | With πρὸς: friendship toward the Romans. |
| 17 | ἔπραξαν | πράσσω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἔπραξαν | punct | high |
ἐς δὲ Αἰτωλοὺς ἐκ παλαιοῦ σφισιν ἦν οἰκεῖα ἐγκλήματα.
ἦν is existential/copular; οἰκεῖα ἐγκλήματα is the nominative subject phrase, with ἐς Αἰτωλούς marking the party against whom the grievances were held and σφισιν marking the people concerned.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 7 ἦν | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Αἰτωλοὺς | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N-AP-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 οἰκεῖα | obl | medium | The prepositional phrase ἐς Αἰτωλούς modifies οἰκεῖα, understood as grievances directed against the Aetolians. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 5 παλαιοῦ | case | high | |
| 5 | παλαιοῦ | παλαιός | ADJ | A-GS-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | obl | high | Substantivized genitive in ἐκ παλαιοῦ, ‘from ancient times’. |
| 6 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 8 οἰκεῖα | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference with οἰκεῖα ἐγκλήματα. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | οἰκεῖα | οἰκεῖος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐγκλήματα | amod | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with ἐγκλήματα. |
| 9 | ἐγκλήματα | ἔγκλημα | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high |
ἐπεὶ δὲ ἡ Νάβιδος ἐν Σπάρτῃ τυραννὶς κατελέλυτο, ἐς πλείστην ὠμότητα ἀνδρὸς ἀφικομένου, τὰ ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους αὐτίκα ἐνεπεπτώκει·
The main clause has τυραννὶς as subject of κατελέλυτο, followed by an absolute/genitive circumstantial phrase ἀνδρὸς ἀφικομένου; the final neuter plural τὰ is a substantive object of ἐνεπεπτώκει, with ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους marking the affected group. The antecedent/interpretation of τὰ is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 κατελέλυτο | mark | high | Temporal/subordinating conjunction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 κατελέλυτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τυραννὶς | det | high | |
| 4 | Νάβιδος | Νάβις | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τυραννὶς | nmod | high | Genitive proper name modifying τυραννίς. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 6 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | |
| 6 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τυραννὶς | obl | high | Locative dative with ἐν. |
| 7 | τυραννὶς | τυραννίς | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 κατελέλυτο | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | κατελέλυτο | καταλύω | VERB | V-LAI3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Third-person singular pluperfect active; form is orthographically ambiguous with perfect in some analyses, but context requires prior dissolution. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κατελέλυτο | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 12 ὠμότητα | case | high | |
| 11 | πλείστην | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASF-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὠμότητα | amod | high | Superlative adjective modifying ὠμότητα. |
| 12 | ὠμότητα | ὠμότης | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφικομένου | obl | medium | Goal/extent phrase with ἀφικνέομαι; ἐς πλείστην ὠμότητα means reaching extreme savagery. |
| 13 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφικομένου | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 14 | ἀφικομένου | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-GMP-SM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 21 ἐνεπεπτώκει | advcl | medium | Genitive circumstantial participle; its semantic subject is ἀνδρός. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐνεπεπτώκει | punct | high | |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἐνεπεπτώκει | nsubj | medium | Substantival neuter plural; exact antecedent is elliptical/uncertain. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 19 Λακεδαιμονίους | case | high | |
| 18 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 Λακεδαιμονίους | det | high | |
| 19 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐνεπεπτώκει | obl | high | Substantivized ethnic name. |
| 20 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | ADV | _ | 21 ἐνεπεπτώκει | advmod | high | Immediately/at once. |
| 21 | ἐνεπεπτώκει | ἐμπίπτω | VERB | V-LAI3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 8 κατελέλυτο | conj | medium | Pluperfect active, coordinated or narratively sequenced with κατελέλυτο; τὰ is its likely neuter plural subject despite singular verbal form. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐνεπεπτώκει | punct | high |