Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 7.8.5

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Passage 7.8.5

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed

89Greek tokens

2,037input tokens

6,137output tokens

Sentence 1

7.8.5 sentence 1

Tokens: 61
Input: 1,199
Output: 4,132
Total: 5,331

καὶ σφᾶς ὑπὸ τὸν χρόνον οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ τοῦτον ἐς σύλλογον ὑπάγονται τὸν Ἀχαϊκὸν καὶ δίκας τε ἐδίκαζόν σφισιν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον καὶ τὰ τείχη τῆς Σπάρτης καταβάλλουσιν ἐς ἔδαφος, οἰκοδομηθέντα μὲν καὶ πρότερον ἔτι αὐτοσχεδίως καὶ ἐπί τε τῆς Δημητρίου καὶ ὕστερον τῆς Πύρρου καὶ Ἠπειρωτῶν στρατείας, ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς τυραννίδος τῆς Νάβιδος καὶ ἐς τὸ ἀσφαλέστατον ὀχυρωθέντα.

Long coordinated sentence. Tokens 31 and 60 are accusative plural neuter participles agreeing with τείχη (24), while the participial clauses supply temporal/concessive background; ἐπὶ τῆς ... στρατείας is structurally elliptical/ambiguous, so its attachment is marked with moderate confidence.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	τε	_	11 ὑπάγονται	cc	high
2	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	r-3a-pa	Case=Acc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	11 ὑπάγονται	obj	high	Reflexive/third-person plural pronoun.
3	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	P	_	5 χρόνον	case	high
4	τὸν	ὁ	DET	l-s---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 χρόνον	det	high
5	χρόνον	χρόνος	NOUN	n-s---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ὑπάγονται	obl	high	Temporal accusative with ὑπό.
6	οἱ	ὁ	DET	l-p---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	7 Ἀχαιοὶ	det	high
7	Ἀχαιοὶ	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	n-p---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 ὑπάγονται	nsubj	high	Ethnic name used substantivally.
8	τοῦτον	οὗτος	PRON	pd-s---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	10 σύλλογον	det	medium	Likely modifies σύλλογον; could be construed adverbially in context.
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	10 σύλλογον	case	high
10	σύλλογον	σύλλογος	NOUN	n-s---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ὑπάγονται	obl	high
11	ὑπάγονται	ὑπάγω	VERB	v3ppie---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	First coordinated finite predicate.
12	τὸν	ὁ	DET	l-s---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	13 Ἀχαϊκὸν	det	high
13	Ἀχαϊκὸν	Ἀχαϊκός	ADJ	a-s---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 σύλλογον	amod	high	Adjectival specification of σύλλογον.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	17 ἐδίκαζόν	cc	high
15	δίκας	δίκη	NOUN	n-p---fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	17 ἐδίκαζόν	obj	high	Cognate/object noun with δικάζω.
16	τε	τε	CCONJ	c--------	_	17 ἐδίκαζόν	cc	high
17	ἐδίκαζόν	δικάζω	VERB	v3piia---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	11 ὑπάγονται	conj	high
18	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	r-3----d-	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	17 ἐδίκαζόν	iobj	high
19	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	21 ἀκριβέστατον	case	high
20	τὸ	ὁ	DET	l-s---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 ἀκριβέστατον	det	high
21	ἀκριβέστατον	ἀκριβής	ADJ	a-s---na-	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 ἐδίκαζόν	obl	high	Substantivized neuter superlative.
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	27 καταβάλλουσιν	cc	high
23	τὰ	ὁ	DET	l-p---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	24 τείχη	det	high
24	τείχη	τεῖχος	NOUN	n-p---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	27 καταβάλλουσιν	obj	high
25	τῆς	ὁ	DET	l-s---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	26 Σπάρτης	det	high
26	Σπάρτης	Σπάρτη	PROPN	n-s---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	24 τείχη	nmod	high
27	καταβάλλουσιν	καταβάλλω	VERB	v3ppie---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	11 ὑπάγονται	conj	high	Second major coordinated finite predicate.
28	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	29 ἔδαφος	case	high
29	ἔδαφος	ἔδαφος	NOUN	n-s---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	27 καταβάλλουσιν	obl	high
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	27 καταβάλλουσιν	punct	high
31	οἰκοδομηθέντα	οἰκοδομέω	VERB	v-papana-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	24 τείχη	acl	high	Accusative plural neuter participle agreeing with τείχη.
32	μὲν	μέν	PART	d--------	_	31 οἰκοδομηθέντα	advmod	high
33	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	34 πρότερον	cc	medium	Coordinates temporal/locative complements within the participial clause.
34	πρότερον	πρότερον	ADV	d--------	Degree=Pos	31 οἰκοδομηθέντα	advmod	high
35	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	d--------	_	34 πρότερον	advmod	high
36	αὐτοσχεδίως	αὐτοσχεδίως	ADV	d--------	_	31 οἰκοδομηθέντα	advmod	high
37	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	38 ἐπί	cc	high
38	ἐπί	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	48 στρατείας	case	medium	With genitive Δημητρίου and subsequent genitives; temporal/during sense.
39	τε	τε	CCONJ	c--------	_	38 ἐπί	cc	medium	Correlative τε with later καὶ.
40	τῆς	ὁ	DET	l-s---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	41 Δημητρίου	det	high
41	Δημητρίου	Δημήτριος	PROPN	n-s---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	48 στρατείας	obl	medium	Proper name is morphologically ambiguous; feminine genitive is required by τῆς.
42	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	45 Πύρρου	cc	high
43	ὕστερον	ὕστερον	ADV	d--------	_	48 στρατείας	advmod	high
44	τῆς	ὁ	DET	l-s---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	45 Πύρρου	det	high
45	Πύρρου	Πύρρος	PROPN	n-s---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	48 στρατείας	obl	medium	Genitive after elliptical ἐπί; name form is syncretic/irregular in context.
46	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	47 Ἠπειρωτῶν	cc	high
47	Ἠπειρωτῶν	Ἠπειρώτης	PROPN	n-p---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	48 στρατείας	conj	high	Genitive ethnic noun coordinated with Πύρρου.
48	στρατείας	στρατεία	NOUN	n-s---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	31 οἰκοδομηθέντα	obl	medium	Likely dependent on ἐπί, with elliptical temporal construction.
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	31 οἰκοδομηθέντα	punct	high
50	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	53 τυραννίδος	case	high	Genitive temporal circumstance.
51	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	c--------	_	60 ὀχυρωθέντα	cc	high
52	τῆς	ὁ	DET	l-s---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	53 τυραννίδος	det	high
53	τυραννίδος	τυραννίς	NOUN	n-s---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	60 ὀχυρωθέντα	obl	high
54	τῆς	ὁ	DET	l-s---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	55 Νάβιδος	det	high
55	Νάβιδος	Νάβις	PROPN	n-s---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	53 τυραννίδος	nmod	high	Genitive specifying the tyranny.
56	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	60 ὀχυρωθέντα	cc	high
57	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	59 ἀσφαλέστατον	case	high
58	τὸ	ὁ	DET	l-s---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	59 ἀσφαλέστατον	det	high
59	ἀσφαλέστατον	ἀσφαλής	ADJ	a-s---na-	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	60 ὀχυρωθέντα	obl	high	Substantivized neuter superlative, ‘the most secure state’.
60	ὀχυρωθέντα	ὀχυρόω	VERB	v-papana-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	24 τείχη	acl	high	Accusative plural neuter participle agreeing with τείχη; coordinated with οἰκοδομηθέντα.
61	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	27 καταβάλλουσιν	punct	high

Sentence 2

7.8.5 sentence 2

Tokens: 28
Input: 838
Output: 2,005
Total: 2,843

τά τε οὖν τείχη τῆς Σπάρτης οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ καθεῖλον καὶ τὰ ἐς μελέτην τοῖς ἐφήβοις ἐκ τῶν Λυκούργου νόμων καταλύσαντες ἐπέταξαν τοῖς Ἀχαιῶν ἐφήβοις τὰ αὐτὰ ἐπιτηδεύειν.

The coordinated first object τά τε τείχη is the object of καθεῖλον; καταλύσαντες is a circumstantial participle with τὰ ... ἐς μελέτην as object, and ἐπέταξαν governs the dative recipients plus the infinitive ἐπιτηδεύειν with τὰ αὐτά as its object.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τά	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	4 τείχη	det	high
2	τε	τε	CCONJ	_	_	4 τείχη	cc	high	Correlative/coordinating particle.
3	οὖν	οὖν	ADV	_	_	9 καθεῖλον	discourse	high	Inferential particle; normalized deprel intended as discourse.
4	τείχη	τεῖχος	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	9 καθεῖλον	obj	high
5	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 Σπάρτης	det	high
6	Σπάρτης	Σπάρτη	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 τείχη	nmod	high
7	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 Ἀχαιοὶ	det	high
8	Ἀχαιοὶ	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 καθεῖλον	nsubj	high	Ethnic name used substantivally.
9	καθεῖλον	καθαιρέω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Aorist indicative.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	21 ἐπέταξαν	cc	high	Coordinates the two finite predicates.
11	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	13 μελέτην	det	high
12	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	_	13 μελέτην	case	high	Epic/Ionic form of εἰς.
13	μελέτην	μελέτη	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	20 καταλύσαντες	obj	high
14	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἐφήβοις	det	high
15	ἐφήβοις	ἔφηβος	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 καταλύσαντες	obl	medium	Dative of reference/purpose with μελέτη.
16	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	_	_	19 νόμων	case	high
17	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 νόμων	det	high
18	Λυκούργου	Λυκοῦργος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 νόμων	nmod	high	Dependent genitive, 'of Lycurgus'.
19	νόμων	νόμος	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 καταλύσαντες	obl	high	Object of ἐκ.
20	καταλύσαντες	καταλύω	VERB	V-AAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	21 ἐπέταξαν	advcl	high	Circumstantial aorist participle, agreeing with οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ.
21	ἐπέταξαν	ἐπιτάσσω	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	9 καθεῖλον	conj	high	Coordinates with καθεῖλον.
22	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 ἐφήβοις	det	high
23	Ἀχαιῶν	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 ἐφήβοις	nmod	high	Genitive plural modifying ἐφήβοις.
24	ἐφήβοις	ἔφηβος	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 ἐπέταξαν	iobj	high	Recipient/addressee of ἐπέταξαν.
25	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	26 αὐτὰ	det	high
26	αὐτὰ	αὐτός	PRON	P-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	27 ἐπιτηδεύειν	obj	high	Substantival adjective/pronoun, 'the same things'.
27	ἐπιτηδεύειν	ἐπιτηδεύω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	21 ἐπέταξαν	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive governed by ἐπέταξαν.
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	9 καθεῖλον	punct	high

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