Grammar parses for passage 7.8.6
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα μὲν δὴ καὶ ἐς πλέον ἐπέξεισιν αὖθίς μοι τὰ ἐς Ἀρκάδας·
The syntax is straightforward: the finite verb ἐπέξεισιν is the root, with ταῦτα as object and two prepositional phrases (ἐς πλέον, τὰ ἐς Ἀρκάδας) modifying the clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπέξεισιν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | cc | medium | Likely additive particle/conjunction in the correlative cluster. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | Case=Acc | 6 πλέον | case | high | Preposition governing πλέον. |
| 6 | πλέον | πλείων | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | obl | high | Accusative of extent with ἐς. |
| 7 | ἐπέξεισιν | ἐπέξειμι | VERB | V-3PASI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Finite verb; form is somewhat uncertain, but parsed as 3rd plural present indicative active. |
| 8 | αὖθίς | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the verb. |
| 9 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P1-S---D- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | iobj | high | Dative of reference/recipient. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-3P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 Ἀρκάδας | det | high | Article modifying ἐς Ἀρκάδας phrase. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | Case=Acc | 12 Ἀρκάδας | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀρκάδας. |
| 12 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | obl | high | Prepositional phrase dependent on ἐπέξεισιν. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἅτε μεγάλως τοῖς ἐπιτάγμασιν ἀχθόμενοι τοῖς Ἀχαιῶν καταφεύγουσιν ἐπὶ Μέτελλον καὶ ὅσοι σὺν Μετέλλῳ κατὰ πρεσβείαν ἧκον ἐκ Ῥώμης.
The clause is headed by καταφεύγουσιν, with a participial causal explanation (ἅτε μεγάλως ... ἀχθόμενοι) and a coordinated second finite clause ὅσοι ... ἧκον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N---MP--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of καταφεύγουσιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἀχθόμενοι | mark | high | Marks causal/reason clause with participle. |
| 4 | μεγάλως | μεγάλως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἀχθόμενοι | advmod | high | Modifies ἀχθόμενοι. |
| 5 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-P---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπιτάγμασιν | det | high | Article with ἐπιτάγμασιν. |
| 6 | ἐπιτάγμασιν | ἐπίταγμα | NOUN | N-P---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἀχθόμενοι | obl | high | Dative object of ἀχθόμενοι. |
| 7 | ἀχθόμενοι | ἀχθομαι | VERB | PMPP---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-P---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | Article with Ἀχαιῶν; likely partitive/genitival phrase. |
| 9 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπιτάγμασιν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἐπιτάγμασιν; exact relation somewhat uncertain. |
| 10 | καταφεύγουσιν | καταφεύγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Μέτελλον | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 12 | Μέτελλον | Μέτελλος | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | obl | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ὅσοι | cc | high | Coordinates the relative clause/second clause. |
| 14 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | A-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἧκον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἧκον. |
| 15 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Μετέλλῳ | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 16 | Μετέλλῳ | Μέτελλος | PROPN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἧκον | obl | high | Complement of σὺν. |
| 17 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 πρεσβείαν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 18 | πρεσβείαν | πρεσβεία | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἧκον | obl | high | Adverbial prepositional phrase, 'as an embassy'. |
| 19 | ἧκον | ἥκω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | conj | high | Second finite verb coordinated with καταφεύγουσιν. |
| 20 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 Ῥώμης | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 21 | Ῥώμης | Ῥώμη | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἧκον | obl | high | Source phrase with ἐκ. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀφίκοντο δὲ οὗτοι Φιλίππῳ καὶ Μακεδόσι πόλεμον μὲν οὐδένα ἐπάξοντες ἅτε εἰρήνης πρότερον ἔτι Φιλίππῳ καὶ Ῥωμαίοις ὀμωμοσμένης, ὁπόσα δὲ ἢ Θεσσαλοῖς ἢ τῶν ἐξ Ἠπείρου τισὶν ἐγκλήματα ἦν ἐς Φίλιππον, ταῦτα ἧκον οἱ ὁμοῦ Μετέλλῳ κρινοῦντες.
The sentence contains two main clauses with participial circumstantial modifiers and a genitive absolute; the hardest points are the dative with ἀφίκοντο and the attachment of the relative ὁπόσα clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-2AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἀφίκοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 1 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφίκοντο. |
| 4 | Φιλίππῳ | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀφίκοντο | obl | medium | Dative of relation/destination; syntactic attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Φιλίππῳ | cc | high | Coordinates dative complements. |
| 6 | Μακεδόσι | Μακεδών | NOUN | N-P---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Φιλίππῳ | conj | high | Second coordinated dative complement. |
| 7 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπάξοντες | obj | high | Object of ἐπάξοντες. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 7 πόλεμον | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 9 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | DET | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 7 πόλεμον | amod | high | Modifies πόλεμον. |
| 10 | ἐπάξοντες | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ἀφίκοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the subject. |
| 11 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ὀμωμοσμένης | mark | high | Introduces causal explanation. |
| 12 | εἰρήνης | εἰρήνη | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ὀμωμοσμένης | obl | high | Genitive dependent in the passive periphrastic construction. |
| 13 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 ἔτι | advmod | high | Modifies ἔτι. |
| 14 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 18 ὀμωμοσμένης | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ὀμωμοσμένης. |
| 15 | Φιλίππῳ | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ὀμωμοσμένης | obl | high | Dative with passive perfect participle. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 Φιλίππῳ | cc | high | Coordinates datives. |
| 17 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A-P---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Φιλίππῳ | conj | high | Second coordinated dative. |
| 18 | ὀμωμοσμένης | ὄμνυμι | VERB | V-PPP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 12 εἰρήνης | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle agreeing with εἰρήνης. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ὀμωμοσμένης | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | Q-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 29 ἐγκλήματα | obj | high | Object of ἦν. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 ὁπόσα | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 22 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 Θεσσαλοῖς | cc | high | First of paired ἢ ... ἢ. |
| 23 | Θεσσαλοῖς | Θεσσαλός | PROPN | A-P---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐγκλήματα | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐγκλήματα. |
| 24 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 Θεσσαλοῖς | cc | high | Second disjunctive coordinator. |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 27 Ἠπείρου | det | high | Article with Ἠπείρου. |
| 26 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 27 Ἠπείρου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 27 | Ἠπείρου | Ἤπειρος | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 Θεσσαλοῖς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent in partitive/locative phrase. |
| 28 | τισὶν | τις | PRON | P-P---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 23 Θεσσαλοῖς | conj | medium | Likely coordinated with Θεσσαλοῖς as an indefinite dative group. |
| 29 | ἐγκλήματα | ἔγκλημα | NOUN | N-P---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 30 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 35 ἧκον | advcl | medium | Imperfect copular clause inside relative clause; attachment to ἧκον is approximate. |
| 31 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 32 Φίλιππον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 32 | Φίλιππον | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐγκλήματα | nmod | high | Prepositional complement of ἐγκλήματα. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐγκλήματα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 34 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | P-P---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 35 ἧκον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἧκον. |
| 35 | ἧκον | ἥκω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 ἀφίκοντο | conj | high | Second main verb coordinated with ἀφίκοντο. |
| 36 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 39 κρινοῦντες | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 37 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 39 κρινοῦντες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying κρινοῦντες. |
| 38 | Μετέλλῳ | Μέτελλος | PROPN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 κρινοῦντες | obl | high | Dative with participle. |
| 39 | κρινοῦντες | κρίνω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 ἧκον | advcl | high | Participial modifier of ἧκον. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ἧκον | punct | high | Punctuation. |