Grammar parses for passage 7.8.6
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα μὲν δὴ καὶ ἐς πλέον ἐπέξεισιν αὖθίς μοι τὰ ἐς Ἀρκάδας·
The sentence announces that the discussion of the Arcadians will be pursued again and at greater length; ἐπέξεισιν is taken as a present active third-singular form of ἐπέξειμι with ταῦτα as subject, while τὰ ἐς Ἀρκάδας is an elliptical substantive phrase meaning the matters concerning the Arcadians.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD----NPA- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Dem | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | nsubj | high | Neuter plural demonstrative subject of ἐπέξεισιν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | discourse | high | Correlative particle, with δὴ. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | discourse | high | Emphatic/discourse particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 πλέον | advmod | medium | Adverbial καί, modifying πλέον ('still/even more'). |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 πλέον | case | high | Preposition governing πλέον. |
| 6 | πλέον | πολύς | ADJ | A-------- | Case=Accusative|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | obl | medium | Substantivized comparative accusative after ἐς, 'to a greater extent'; exact syntactic attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 7 | ἐπέξεισιν | ἐπέξειμι | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Taken as present active 3sg of ἐπέξειμι, 'go on to/discuss further'; form and construction are somewhat rare. |
| 8 | αὖθίς | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, 'again/later'. |
| 9 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P1----DS- | Case=Dative|Number=Singular|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | iobj | medium | Dative of the speaker/author, construed with the verbal idea 'for me/by me'. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L----NPA- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | obj | low | Article introducing an elliptical substantive phrase; treated as the topical object/theme of ἐπέξεισιν. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ἀρκάδας | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀρκάδας. |
| 12 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Ne----AP- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|NameType=Geo|Number=Plural | 10 τὰ | nmod | high | Accusative plural ethnic noun, 'Arcadians'; governed by ἐς within the elliptical phrase τὰ ἐς Ἀρκάδας. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπέξεισιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἅτε μεγάλως τοῖς ἐπιτάγμασιν ἀχθόμενοι τοῖς Ἀχαιῶν καταφεύγουσιν ἐπὶ Μέτελλον καὶ ὅσοι σὺν Μετέλλῳ κατὰ πρεσβείαν ἧκον ἐκ Ῥώμης.
The participle ἀχθόμενοι is circumstantial with Λακεδαιμόνιοι and governs the dative τοῖς ἐπιτάγμασιν; καταφεύγουσιν takes ἐπί with accusative Μέτελλον. ὅσοι introduces a coordinated relative clause, with ἧκον agreeing with its plural subject and κατὰ πρεσβείαν expressing manner/purpose.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-----MP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 7 ἀχθόμενοι | mark | high | Introduces a causal/circumstantial participial clause. |
| 4 | μεγάλως | μεγάλως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἀχθόμενοι | advmod | high | |
| 5 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T---PDN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπιτάγμασιν | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐπιτάγμασιν | ἐπίταγμα | NOUN | N---PDN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἀχθόμενοι | obl | high | Dative complement of ἀχθόμενοι. |
| 7 | ἀχθόμενοι | ἄχθομαι | VERB | V-PPNMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T---PGM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A---PGM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπιτάγμασιν | nmod | medium | Genitive likely specifies the issuers or object associated with the commands. |
| 10 | καταφεύγουσιν | καταφεύγω | VERB | V-PIA3PP- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Μέτελλον | case | high | With accusative. |
| 12 | Μέτελλον | Μέτελλος | PROPN | A---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | obl | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the following relative clause with the main predication. |
| 14 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | P---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἧκον | nsubj | high | Relative subject of ἧκον. |
| 15 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Μετέλλῳ | case | high | With dative. |
| 16 | Μετέλλῳ | Μέτελλος | PROPN | A---DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἧκον | obl | high | Comitative phrase. |
| 17 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 πρεσβείαν | case | high | With accusative. |
| 18 | πρεσβείαν | πρεσβεία | NOUN | N---ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἧκον | obl | high | Manner or purpose expression: on an embassy. |
| 19 | ἧκον | ἥκω | VERB | V-IAI3PP- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | conj | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 20 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 Ῥώμης | case | high | With genitive. |
| 21 | Ῥώμης | Ῥώμη | PROPN | A---GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἧκον | obl | high | |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καταφεύγουσιν | punct | high |
ἀφίκοντο δὲ οὗτοι Φιλίππῳ καὶ Μακεδόσι πόλεμον μὲν οὐδένα ἐπάξοντες ἅτε εἰρήνης πρότερον ἔτι Φιλίππῳ καὶ Ῥωμαίοις ὀμωμοσμένης, ὁπόσα δὲ ἢ Θεσσαλοῖς ἢ τῶν ἐξ Ἠπείρου τισὶν ἐγκλήματα ἦν ἐς Φίλιππον, ταῦτα ἧκον οἱ ὁμοῦ Μετέλλῳ κρινοῦντες.
Οὗτοι is the subject of both ἀφίκοντο and ἧκον; ἐπάξοντες is a circumstantial future participle, while ὀμωμοσμένης is a genitive absolute. The relative-correlative clause ὁπόσα ... ταῦτα has ἐγκλήματα as its subject and ἦν as copula; κρινοῦντες agrees with οἱ and governs ταῦτα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-3P-AI- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀφίκοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | D-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 1 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | Φιλίππῳ | Φίλιππος | PROPN | NDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Μακεδόσι | iobj | medium | Dative coordinated with Μακεδόσι; recipient/addressee of the arrival. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 Μακεδόσι | cc | high | |
| 6 | Μακεδόσι | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀφίκοντο | iobj | medium | Dative complement coordinated with Φιλίππῳ. |
| 7 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπάξοντες | obj | high | |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 7 πόλεμον | discourse | high | |
| 9 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | PRON | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 7 πόλεμον | det | high | Negative determiner modifying πόλεμον. |
| 10 | ἐπάξοντες | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Future|Voice=Active | 1 ἀφίκοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject understood as οὗτοι. |
| 11 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ὀμωμοσμένης | mark | high | Introduces causal genitive absolute. |
| 12 | εἰρήνης | εἰρήνη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ὀμωμοσμένης | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 13 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 18 ὀμωμοσμένης | advmod | high | |
| 14 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 18 ὀμωμοσμένης | advmod | high | |
| 15 | Φιλίππῳ | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ὀμωμοσμένης | iobj | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 Ῥωμαίοις | cc | high | |
| 17 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ὀμωμοσμένης | iobj | high | Coordinated dative with Φιλίππῳ. |
| 18 | ὀμωμοσμένης | ὀμνύω | VERB | V-RPP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Passive | 10 ἐπάξοντες | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with εἰρήνης; passive perfect, ‘having been sworn’. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | |
| 20 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 29 ἐγκλήματα | det | medium | Relative quantifier/determiner modifying ἐγκλήματα. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 ἧκον | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 Θεσσαλοῖς | cc | high | |
| 23 | Θεσσαλοῖς | Θεσσαλός | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐγκλήματα | iobj | medium | Dative with ἐγκλήματα ἦν, indicating persons against whom complaints existed. |
| 24 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 τισὶν | cc | high | |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 Ἠπείρου | det | high | |
| 26 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 27 Ἠπείρου | case | high | |
| 27 | Ἠπείρου | Ἤπειρος | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 τισὶν | nmod | high | Genitive governed by ἐξ. |
| 28 | τισὶν | τις | PRON | X-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 29 ἐγκλήματα | iobj | medium | Indefinite dative, coordinated semantically with Θεσσαλοῖς; token form is ambiguous in accentuation. |
| 29 | ἐγκλήματα | ἔγκλημα | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 30 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 35 ἧκον | acl:relcl | medium | Singular agreement is common with neuter plural subject; copula of the relative clause. |
| 31 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 32 Φίλιππον | case | high | |
| 32 | Φίλιππον | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐγκλήματα | obl | high | Prepositional complement expressing the target of the complaints. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ἧκον | punct | high | |
| 34 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | D-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 39 κρινοῦντες | obj | high | Correlative demonstrative, resumptive object of κρινοῦντες. |
| 35 | ἧκον | ἥκω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 1 ἀφίκοντο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb, with οἱ ... κρινοῦντες as subject. |
| 36 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 κρινοῦντες | det | high | Article substantivizing κρινοῦντες. |
| 37 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 39 κρινοῦντες | advmod | high | ‘Together with’; governs Μετέλλῳ in usage. |
| 38 | Μετέλλῳ | Μετέλλος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 κρινοῦντες | obl | medium | Dative complement of ὁμοῦ. |
| 39 | κρινοῦντες | κρίνω | VERB | V-FAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Future|Voice=Active | 35 ἧκον | xcomp | high | Substantival participle, subject of ἧκον. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high |