Grammar parses for passage 7.8.7
Open translation for this passage
ἔργῳ μὲν δὴ Φίλιππός τε αὐτὸς καὶ ἡ Μακεδόνων ἀκμὴ καθῄρητο ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων.
The clause has a passive perfect/pluperfect verb with two coordinated nominative subjects; ἔργῳ is best taken adverbially, and particles μὲν δὴ are discourse markers.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔργῳ | ἔργον | NOUN | N-S---ND- | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Sing | 11 καθῄρητο | obl | high | Dative of respect/manner with passive verb. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 11 καθῄρητο | discourse | high | Part of correlative particle pair. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 11 καθῄρητο | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | Φίλιππός | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing | 11 καθῄρητο | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive verb. |
| 5 | τε | τε | PART | X-------- | _ | 4 Φίλιππός | cc | medium | Links Φίλιππος with following coordinated subject. |
| 6 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | A-S---MN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing | 4 Φίλιππός | appos | medium | Intensive pronoun, appositive to Φίλιππος. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἀκμὴ | cc | high | Coordinates with the preceding subject phrase. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-S---FN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Sing | 10 ἀκμὴ | det | high | Article with ἀκμή. |
| 9 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plur | 10 ἀκμὴ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἀκμή. |
| 10 | ἀκμὴ | ἀκμή | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Sing | 4 Φίλιππός | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 11 | καθῄρητο | καθαιρέω | VERB | V-LMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperfect|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Ῥωμαίων | case | high | Marks agent with genitive. |
| 13 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plur | 11 καθῄρητο | obl:agent | high | Agent of passive verb. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 καθῄρητο | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
μαχεσάμενος γὰρ Φλαμινίου καὶ Ῥωμαίων ἐναντία Φίλιππος ἐν Κυνὸς καλουμέναις κεφαλαῖς ἐν λόγοις τὸ ἧττον ἠνέγκατο.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: μαχεσάμενος is a circumstantial participial clause, while ἐναντία and the ἐν-phrases are adverbial/oblique modifiers of the main event.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μαχεσάμενος | μάχομαι | VERB | V-AONPMS | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 ἠνέγκατο | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, circumstantial clause modifying the main verb. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 16 ἠνέγκατο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | Φλαμινίου | Φλαμίνιος | PROPN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐναντία | nmod | medium | Genitive proper name dependent on ἐναντία; exact relation somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 Φλαμινίου | cc | high | Coordinates the genitives. |
| 5 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Φλαμινίου | conj | high | Second coordinated genitive name/group. |
| 6 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ἠνέγκατο | obl | low | Likely adverbial/oblique use of an adjectival form; morphology is uncertain in context. |
| 7 | Φίλιππος | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἠνέγκατο | nsubj | high | Subject of the main verb. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 11 κεφαλαῖς | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 9 | Κυνὸς | κύων | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 κεφαλαῖς | nmod | low | Likely part of the place-name Κυνὸς κεφαλαί; case/gender assignment is uncertain. |
| 10 | καλουμέναις | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 κεφαλαῖς | acl | high | Present middle/passive participle modifying κεφαλαῖς. |
| 11 | κεφαλαῖς | κεφαλή | NOUN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ἠνέγκατο | obl | high | Object of ἐν in a locative phrase. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 13 λόγοις | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 13 | λόγοις | λόγος | NOUN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἠνέγκατο | obl | high | Dative phrase with ἐν. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἧττον | det | high | Article modifying ἧττον. |
| 15 | ἧττον | ἥσσων | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἠνέγκατο | obj | medium | Substantivized comparative meaning 'less/worse'; likely object/complement of ἠνέγκατο. |
| 16 | ἠνέγκατο | ἀναφέρω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; middle aorist. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἠνέγκατο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀλλʼ ἅτε δὴ κατὰ δύναμιν ἀγωνισάμενος αὐτὸς οὗτος ὁ Φίλιππος τοσοῦτον ἐκρατήθη τῇ συμβολῇ, ὡς στρατιᾶς τε ἣν ἦγεν ἀποβαλεῖν τὸ πολὺ καὶ ἐκ τῶν πόλεων, ὅσας εἷλεν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι πολέμῳ παραστησάμενος, ἐξήγαγεν ἐξ ἁπασῶν τὰς φρουρὰς κατὰ ὁμολογίαν πρὸς Ῥωμαίους.
The clause after ὡς is best treated as a result infinitival clause with internal relative clauses; the syntax of ἐκ τῶν πόλεων is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλʼ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἐκρατήθη | cc | high | Correlative/discourse conjunction introducing contrast. |
| 2 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἀγωνισάμενος | mark | high | Comparative/circumstantial particle with participle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 2 ἅτε | advmod | medium | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | Case=Acc | 5 δύναμιν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 5 | δύναμιν | δύναμις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀγωνισάμενος | obl | high | Accusative of respect/manner with κατὰ. |
| 6 | ἀγωνισάμενος | ἀγωνίζομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 12 ἐκρατήθη | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main clause subject. |
| 7 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Φίλιππος | amod | high | Intensive modifier of Φίλιππος. |
| 8 | οὗτος | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Φίλιππος | det | high | Demonstrative determiner. |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Φίλιππος | det | high | Article. |
| 10 | Φίλιππος | Φίλιππος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐκρατήθη | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive verb. |
| 11 | τοσοῦτον | τοσοῦτος | ADV | _ | _ | 12 ἐκρατήθη | advmod | medium | Degree adverb modifying ἐκρατήθη. |
| 12 | ἐκρατήθη | κρατέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 συμβολῇ | det | high | Article. |
| 14 | συμβολῇ | συμβολή | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐκρατήθη | obl | high | Dative of means/instrument. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐκρατήθη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 21 ἀποβαλεῖν | mark | high | Introduces result clause. |
| 17 | στρατιᾶς | στρατιά | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἀποβαλεῖν | obj | medium | Partitive genitive / object notion with ἀποβαλεῖν. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 στρατιᾶς | cc | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 19 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἦγεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun. |
| 20 | ἦγεν | ἄγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 17 στρατιᾶς | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying στρατιᾶς. |
| 21 | ἀποβαλεῖν | ἀποβάλλω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 ὡς | xcomp | high | Complement of ὡς. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 πολὺ | det | high | Article. |
| 23 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἀποβαλεῖν | obj | medium | Accusative substantive meaning 'a large part'. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 25 ἐκ | cc | high | Coordinates prepositional phrase components. |
| 25 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | Case=Gen | 27 πόλεων | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 26 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 πόλεων | det | high | Article. |
| 27 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἀποβαλεῖν | obl | high | Goal/source in coordinated phrase with ἀποβαλεῖν. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀποβαλεῖν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 29 | ὅσας | ὅσος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 30 εἷλεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun. |
| 30 | εἷλεν | αἱρέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 35 παραστησάμενος | advcl | high | Relative clause modifying παραστησάμενος. |
| 31 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | Case=Dat | 33 Ἑλλάδι | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 32 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 Ἑλλάδι | det | high | Article. |
| 33 | Ἑλλάδι | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 εἷλεν | obl | high | Locative oblique. |
| 34 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 παραστησάμενος | obl | medium | Dative of circumstance/means. |
| 35 | παραστησάμενος | παριστάω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 37 ἐξήγαγεν | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying subject. |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 ἐξήγαγεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 37 | ἐξήγαγεν | ἐξάγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 ἐκρατήθη | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 38 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | Case=Gen | 39 ἁπασῶν | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 39 | ἁπασῶν | ἅπας | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 41 φρουρὰς | det | high | Quantifier determiner. |
| 40 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 41 φρουρὰς | det | high | Article. |
| 41 | φρουρὰς | φρουρά | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 37 ἐξήγαγεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐξήγαγεν. |
| 42 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | Case=Acc | 43 ὁμολογίαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 43 | ὁμολογίαν | ὁμολογία | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 ἐξήγαγεν | obl | high | Adverbial prepositional phrase. |
| 44 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | Case=Acc | 45 Ῥωμαίους | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 45 | Ῥωμαίους | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 37 ἐξήγαγεν | obl | high | Object of πρός. |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐκρατήθη | punct | high | Punctuation. |