Grammar parses for passage 7.9.1
Open translation for this passage
τότε δὲ τῷ Μετέλλῳ καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ πρεσβείᾳ μὴ ὑπεριδεῖν Λακεδαιμονίων ἤρεσε καὶ Ἀχαιῶν, τοὺς δὲ τὰς ἀρχὰς ἔχοντας ἐς τὸ συνέδριον ἠξίουν συγκαλέσαι τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς, ἵνα ἐν κοινῷ διδάξωσιν αὐτοὺς ἠπιώτερον μεταχειρίζεσθαι τὰ ἐν Λακεδαίμονι.
The syntax is difficult because ἤρεσε governs an infinitival complement with dative experiencers, and the later indirect-command structure with ἠξίουν / συγκαλέσαι / ἵνα contains a participial subject and nested infinitives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 12 ἤρεσε | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 12 ἤρεσε | discourse | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Μετέλλῳ | det | high | |
| 4 | Μετέλλῳ | Μέτελλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἤρεσε | obl | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 πρεσβείᾳ | cc | high | |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 πρεσβείᾳ | det | high | |
| 7 | ἄλλῃ | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πρεσβείᾳ | amod | high | |
| 8 | πρεσβείᾳ | πρεσβεία | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἤρεσε | obl | high | |
| 9 | μὴ | μή | PART | _ | _ | 10 ὑπεριδεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | ὑπεριδεῖν | ὑπεροράω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ἤρεσε | csubj | medium | Infinitival subject of ἤρεσε; negative μή. |
| 11 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ὑπεριδεῖν | obj | medium | Likely genitive complement with ὑπεριδεῖν. |
| 12 | ἤρεσε | ἀρέσκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 Ἀχαιῶν | cc | high | |
| 14 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιοί | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἤρεσε | conj | medium | Coordinated with Μετέλλῳ/τῇ πρεσβείᾳ in the dative phrase. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἤρεσε | punct | high | |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 ἔχοντας | det | high | |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 24 ἠξίουν | discourse | high | |
| 18 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ἀρχὰς | det | high | |
| 19 | ἀρχὰς | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἔχοντας | obj | high | |
| 20 | ἔχοντας | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἠξίουν | nsubj | high | Participial subject modifying implicit accusative object in the indirect command. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 23 συνέδριον | case | high | |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 συνέδριον | det | high | |
| 23 | συνέδριον | συνέδριον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἠξίουν | obl | high | |
| 24 | ἠξίουν | ἀξιόω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 12 ἤρεσε | parataxis | high | |
| 25 | συγκαλέσαι | συγκαλέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 24 ἠξίουν | xcomp | high | |
| 26 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 27 Ἀχαιοὺς | det | high | |
| 27 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιοί | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 συγκαλέσαι | obj | high | |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἠξίουν | punct | high | |
| 29 | ἵνα | ἵνα | SCONJ | _ | _ | 32 διδάξωσιν | mark | high | |
| 30 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 31 κοινῷ | case | high | |
| 31 | κοινῷ | κοινός | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 διδάξωσιν | obl | high | |
| 32 | διδάξωσιν | διδάσκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 24 ἠξίουν | advcl | high | |
| 33 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 35 μεταχειρίζεσθαι | obj | high | |
| 34 | ἠπιώτερον | ἤπιος | ADJ | _ | Degree=Cmp | 35 μεταχειρίζεσθαι | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative form. |
| 35 | μεταχειρίζεσθαι | μεταχειρίζομαι | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 32 διδάξωσιν | xcomp | high | |
| 36 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 38 Λακεδαίμονι | det | high | |
| 37 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 38 Λακεδαίμονι | case | high | |
| 38 | Λακεδαίμονι | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 μεταχειρίζεσθαι | obj | medium | Likely object of μεταχειρίζεσθαι with article; surface form is locative dative. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἤρεσε | punct | high |
οἱ δέ σφισιν ἀπεκρίναντο μήτε ἐκείνοις Ἀχαιοὺς ἐς σύλλογον μήτε ἄλλῳ συνάξειν, ὅστις μὴ ἐπὶ τῷ πράγματι ἐφʼ ὅτῳ ποιεῖται τὴν πρόσοδον παρὰ τῆς Ῥωμαίων βουλῆς ἔχει δόγμα.
The syntax is dominated by an indirect statement with συνάξειν and a relative clause modifying δόγμα/ἔχει; the phrase ἐφʼ ὅτῳ is somewhat context-sensitive and treated as a prepositional relative phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 ἀπεκρίναντο | nsubj | high | Articular subject. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἀπεκρίναντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 ἀπεκρίναντο | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/indirect object; spelling reflects enclitic form. |
| 4 | ἀπεκρίναντο | ἀποκρίνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 5 | μήτε | μήτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 συνάξειν | cc | high | First coordinating negative conjunction in paired construction. |
| 6 | ἐκείνοις | ἐκεῖνος | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 12 συνάξειν | obl | medium | Dative with infinitive; modifies understood recipients. |
| 7 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 συνάξειν | obj | medium | Accusative object of the infinitive. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 9 σύλλογον | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 9 | σύλλογον | σύλλογος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 συνάξειν | obl | high | Goal/complement of infinitive. |
| 10 | μήτε | μήτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 συνάξειν | cc | high | Paired negative conjunction. |
| 11 | ἄλλῳ | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 συνάξειν | obl | medium | Likely dative with infinitive; agreement with implied noun uncertain. |
| 12 | συνάξειν | συνάγω | VERB | _ | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 ἀπεκρίναντο | ccomp | high | Future infinitive as reported content. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 συνάξειν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 14 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 28 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun introducing clause. |
| 15 | μὴ | μή | PART | _ | _ | 28 ἔχει | advmod | high | Negation of the relative clause. |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 18 πράγματι | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 17 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 πράγματι | det | high | Article with πράγματι. |
| 18 | πράγματι | πρᾶγμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἔχει | obl | high | Prepositional dative complement. |
| 19 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 20 ὅτῳ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 20 | ὅτῳ | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 21 ποιεῖται | obl | medium | Relative/interrogative form; likely neuter dative of cause/respect. |
| 21 | ποιεῖται | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 28 ἔχει | advcl | medium | Finite verb in relative clause; voice/semantics somewhat uncertain in context. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 πρόσοδον | det | high | Article with πρόσοδον. |
| 23 | πρόσοδον | πρόσοδος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ποιεῖται | obj | high | Direct object of ποιεῖται. |
| 24 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 27 βουλῆς | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 25 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 βουλῆς | det | high | Article with βουλῆς. |
| 26 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 βουλῆς | amod | medium | Attributive genitive adjective modifying βουλῆς; agreement is semantically irregular, but form matches genitive singular feminine article/head. |
| 27 | βουλῆς | βουλή | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἔχει | obl | high | Genitive complement of παρά. |
| 28 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ὅστις | acl:relcl | high | Main predicate of relative clause. |
| 29 | δόγμα | δόγμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἔχει | obj | high | Object of ἔχει. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀπεκρίναντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Μέτελλος δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν περιυβρίσθαι νομίζοντες, ἐπειδὴ ἀφίκοντο ἐς Ῥώμην, πολλὰ ἐπὶ τῆς βουλῆς καὶ οὐ τὰ πάντα ἀληθῆ κατηγόρουν τῶν Ἀχαιῶν.
Main clause has two participial/subordinate clauses: νομίζοντες with an infinitival complement, and ἐπειδὴ-ἂφίκοντο temporal clause; the final accusative phrase is somewhat compressed and may be analyzed as coordinated object material.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μέτελλος | Μέτελλος | PROPN | S--NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 νομίζοντες | nsubj | high | Subject of νομίζοντες; name in nominative. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 νομίζοντες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 4 οἱ | cc | high | Coordinates with οἱ. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 νομίζοντες | nsubj | medium | Article functioning substantivally with σὺν αὐτῷ. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 αὐτῷ | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῷ. |
| 6 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-s---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 οἱ | nmod | high | Dative complement of σὺν. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | Introduces agent phrase. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 Ἀχαιῶν | det | medium | Article with Ἀχαιῶν; form possibly masculine by context but case/gender ambiguous in this token set. |
| 9 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 περιυβρίσθαι | obl | high | Agent in ὑπό phrase dependent on passive infinitive. |
| 10 | περιυβρίσθαι | περιυβρίζω | VERB | V--ANP--- | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 11 νομίζοντες | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of νομίζοντες. |
| 11 | νομίζοντες | νομίζω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 κατηγόρουν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle governing the infinitival content. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 νομίζοντες | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | ἐπειδὴ | ἐπειδή | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 14 ἀφίκοντο | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction. |
| 14 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-3AMI-P-- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 27 κατηγόρουν | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Ῥώμην | case | high | Preposition governing Ῥώμην. |
| 16 | Ῥώμην | Ῥώμη | PROPN | S--FSA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 κατηγόρουν | obj | high | Adverbial accusative 'much/many things' modifying κατηγόρουν. |
| 19 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 βουλῆς | case | high | Preposition governing βουλῆς. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 βουλῆς | det | high | Article with βουλῆς. |
| 21 | βουλῆς | βουλή | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 κατηγόρουν | obl | high | Locative/advial phrase with ἐπί. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 23 οὐ | cc | high | Coordinates with οὐ. |
| 23 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 27 κατηγόρουν | advmod | high | Negation of κατηγόρουν. |
| 24 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 πάντα | det | high | Article with πάντα. |
| 25 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἀληθῆ | obj | high | Accusative object of implied/reduced sense within the coordinated phrase. |
| 26 | ἀληθῆ | ἀληθής | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 κατηγόρουν | obj | low | Likely predicative/objective complement in coordinated object phrase; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 27 | κατηγόρουν | κατηγορέω | VERB | V-3IIA-I-- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 28 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | Article with Ἀχαιῶν. |
| 29 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 κατηγόρουν | obl | high | Genitive complement of κατηγορέω. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 κατηγόρουν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |