Grammar parses for passage 7.8.9
Open translation for this passage
αὐχοῦντες βασιλεῦσι Μακεδόνες Ἀργεάδῃσιν, ὑμῖν κοιρανέων ἀγαθὸν καὶ πῆμα Φίλιππος.
The sentence is highly compressed and apparently epigrammatic: Φίλιππος is the nominal root, with Μακεδόνες and κοιρανέων forming a difficult construction; the coordination ἀγαθὸν καὶ πῆμα is morphosyntactically irregular as transmitted.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐχοῦντες | αὐχέω | VERB | V- PPA-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 Μακεδόνες | acl | high | Present active participle, agreeing with Μακεδόνες. |
| 2 | βασιλεῦσι | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 αὐχοῦντες | iobj | medium | Dative with αὐχοῦντες, probably ‘boasting to kings’. |
| 3 | Μακεδόνες | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Φίλιππος | nsubj | high | Nominative plural subject of the verbless assertion. |
| 4 | Ἀργεάδῃσιν | Ἀργεάδης | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 βασιλεῦσι | nmod | medium | Epic/poetic dative plural, ‘to the Argeads’; syntactically dependent on βασιλεῦσι. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 αὐχοῦντες | punct | high | |
| 6 | ὑμῖν | σύ | PRON | P-D2P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=2 | 7 κοιρανέων | obl | high | Dative of reference with κοιρανέων: ‘for you’. |
| 7 | κοιρανέων | κοιρανέω | VERB | V-PPA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 Φίλιππος | advcl | medium | Present active participle, likely agreeing with Φίλιππος: ‘while ruling’. |
| 8 | ἀγαθὸν | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πῆμα | amod | high | Accusative masculine singular modifying πῆμα only if coordinated nominal phrase is understood; semantically ‘good’. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 πῆμα | cc | high | |
| 10 | πῆμα | πῆμα | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 κοιρανέων | obj | medium | Accusative object of κοιρανέων; coordinated phrase ἀγαθὸν καὶ πῆμα is syntactically irregular and textually difficult. |
| 11 | Φίλιππος | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Nominal root in a compressed inscription-like construction; likely subject/predicate anchor for κοιρανέων. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 Φίλιππος | punct | high |
ἤτοι ὁ μὲν πρότερος πόλεσιν λαοῖσί τʼ ἄνακτας θήσει· ὁ δʼ ὁπλότερος τιμὴν ἀπὸ πᾶσαν ὀλέσσει, δμηθεὶς ἑσπερίοισιν ὑπʼ ἀνδράσιν ἠῴοις τε.
Two coordinated prophetic clauses: πρότερος is the subject of θήσει and ὁπλότερος of ὀλέσσει; δμηθείς is a circumstantial aorist passive participle modifying the latter subject, with ὑπό marking the agent. The poetic forms λαοῖσί, δʼ, τʼ, ὑπʼ and ἑσπερίοισιν are retained as tokens.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἤτοι | ἤτοι | PART | X | _ | 9 θήσει | discourse | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | PNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 πρότερος | det | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 9 θήσει | cc:preconj | high | |
| 4 | πρότερος | πρότερος | ADJ | A-N---MS | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 θήσει | nsubj | high | Substantivized comparative adjective. |
| 5 | πόλεσιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-D---PF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 θήσει | iobj | high | |
| 6 | λαοῖσί | λαός | NOUN | N-D---PM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 θήσει | iobj | high | Poetic dative plural with final -σι. |
| 7 | τʼ | τε | CCONJ | X | _ | 6 λαοῖσί | cc | high | Enclitic coordinated with πόλεσιν. |
| 8 | ἄνακτας | ἄναξ | NOUN | N-A---PM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 θήσει | obj | high | |
| 9 | θήσει | τίθημι | VERB | V-FIA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 θήσει | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | PNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ὁπλότερος | det | high | |
| 12 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | X | _ | 17 ὀλέσσει | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 13 | ὁπλότερος | ὁπλότερος | ADJ | A-N---MS | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ὀλέσσει | nsubj | high | Substantivized comparative adjective. |
| 14 | τιμὴν | τιμή | NOUN | N-A---SF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὀλέσσει | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 17 ὀλέσσει | obl | high | Preposition governing πᾶσαν τιμήν: loss of all honor. |
| 16 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Tot | 14 τιμὴν | amod | high | |
| 17 | ὀλέσσει | ὄλλυμι | VERB | V-FIA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 9 θήσει | conj | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ὀλέσσει | punct | high | |
| 19 | δμηθεὶς | δάμνημι | VERB | V-APP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 17 ὀλέσσει | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist passive participle, agreeing with ὁπλότερος. |
| 20 | ἑσπερίοισιν | ἑσπέριος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀνδράσιν | amod | medium | Dative plural agent complement within the ὑπό phrase; poetic form. |
| 21 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | R | _ | 22 ἀνδράσιν | case | high | Elided form before ἀνδράσιν. |
| 22 | ἀνδράσιν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-D---PM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 δμηθεὶς | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive participle. |
| 23 | ἠῴοις | ἠῷος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀνδράσιν | amod | medium | Poetic adjective, agreeing with ἀνδράσιν. |
| 24 | τε | τε | CCONJ | X | _ | 23 ἠῴοις | cc | medium | Enclitic coordinating the final adjectival phrase; exact scope is poetic/uncertain. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ὀλέσσει | punct | high |
Ῥωμαῖοί τε δὴ τὰ πρὸς ἑσπέραν νεμόμενοι τῆς Εὐρώπης καθεῖλον τὴν Μακεδόνων ἀρχὴν καὶ τῶν ἐς τὸ συμμαχικὸν ταχθέντων Ἄτταλος τῆς ἐκ Περγάμου συλλεχθείσης ἡγεμὼν καὶ ἔτι ἐκ Μυσίας στρατιᾶς·
The sentence is syntactically compressed after καί: Attalus is presented appositionally as leader of the Pergamene contingent and additionally of troops from Mysia; the exact attachment of the genitive participial phrase is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ῥωμαῖοί | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Nominative masculine plural | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 καθεῖλον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 1 Ῥωμαῖοί | cc | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Particle | _ | 10 καθεῖλον | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Accusative neuter plural | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἑσπέραν | det | high | |
| 5 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | Preposition | _ | 6 ἑσπέραν | case | high | |
| 6 | ἑσπέραν | ἑσπέρα | NOUN | Accusative feminine singular | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 νεμόμενοι | obl | high | |
| 7 | νεμόμενοι | νέμω | VERB | Present middle participle nominative masculine plural | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 10 καθεῖλον | advcl | high | |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Genitive feminine singular | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Εὐρώπης | det | high | |
| 9 | Εὐρώπης | Εὐρώπη | PROPN | Genitive feminine singular | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 νεμόμενοι | obj | medium | Genitive with νέμομαι/νέμω: territory inhabited or occupied. |
| 10 | καθεῖλον | καθαιρέω | VERB | Aorist active indicative 3rd plural | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Accusative feminine singular | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 12 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | Genitive masculine plural | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀρχὴν | nmod | high | |
| 13 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | Accusative feminine singular | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 καθεῖλον | obj | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 20 Ἄτταλος | cc | medium | Coordinates the following Attalus clause with the preceding assertion; exact ellipsis is compressed. |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Genitive masculine/neuter plural | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 19 ταχθέντων | det | high | |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Preposition | _ | 18 συμμαχικὸν | case | high | |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Accusative neuter singular | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 συμμαχικὸν | det | high | |
| 18 | συμμαχικὸν | συμμαχικός | NOUN | Accusative neuter singular substantivized | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ταχθέντων | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘the allied force/service’; governed by ἐς. |
| 19 | ταχθέντων | τάσσω | VERB | Aorist passive participle genitive masculine plural | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 25 ἡγεμὼν | nmod | medium | Genitive substantival participle, likely ‘of those assigned to the allied force’; its relation to τῶν is attributive. |
| 20 | Ἄτταλος | Ἄτταλος | PROPN | Nominative masculine singular | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἡγεμὼν | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Genitive feminine singular | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 συλλεχθείσης | det | high | |
| 22 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | Preposition | _ | 23 Περγάμου | case | high | |
| 23 | Περγάμου | Πέργαμος | PROPN | Genitive feminine singular | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 συλλεχθείσης | obl | high | |
| 24 | συλλεχθείσης | συλλέγω | VERB | Aorist passive participle genitive feminine singular | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 30 στρατιᾶς | acl | medium | Agrees with τῆς στρατιᾶς; ‘collected from Pergamum’. |
| 25 | ἡγεμὼν | ἡγεμών | NOUN | Nominative masculine singular | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Ἄτταλος | appos | high | Apposition to Attalus; understood predicate/nominal continuation in a compressed clause. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 30 στρατιᾶς | cc | high | |
| 27 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | Adverb | _ | 30 στρατιᾶς | advmod | high | |
| 28 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | Preposition | _ | 29 Μυσίας | case | high | |
| 29 | Μυσίας | Μυσία | PROPN | Genitive feminine singular | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 στρατιᾶς | obl | high | |
| 30 | στρατιᾶς | στρατιά | NOUN | Genitive feminine singular | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἡγεμὼν | nmod | medium | Second genitive dependent on ἡγεμών, with ἔτι ἐκ Μυσίας indicating an additional army contingent. |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καθεῖλον | punct | high |
πρὸς δὲ ἀνίσχοντα ἥλιον μᾶλλόν τι ἡ Μυσία τέτραπται.
The prepositional phrase πρὸς ἀνίσχοντα ἥλιον is an oblique complement of τέτραπται; μᾶλλον τι is an intensifying adverbial modifier.】【。
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 3 ἀνίσχοντα | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 τέτραπται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀνίσχοντα | ἀνέχω | VERB | PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἥλιον | acl | medium | Adjectival participle modifying ἥλιον; the compound may be analyzed lexically as ἀνίσχω. |
| 4 | ἥλιον | ἥλιος | NOUN | NASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 τέτραπται | obl | high | |
| 5 | μᾶλλόν | μᾶλλον | ADV | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 9 τέτραπται | advmod | high | |
| 6 | τι | τις | PART | QPART | _ | 5 μᾶλλόν | advmod | medium | Indefinite particle reinforcing μᾶλλον. |
| 7 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | DATF-SNF | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Μυσία | det | high | |
| 8 | Μυσία | Μυσία | PROPN | NNSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 τέτραπται | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | τέτραπται | τρέπω | VERB | X? | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect middle/passive form; here likely passive/intransitive ‘has been turned/turned toward’. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 τέτραπται | punct | high |