Grammar parses for passage 7.9.2
Open translation for this passage
τούτων δὲ πλείονα ἐνεκάλουν Ἀχαιοῖς Ἀρεὺς καὶ Ἀλκιβιάδας, ὡς Λακεδαιμόνιοι μὲν καὶ δόκιμοι τὰ μάλιστα ἐν τῇ Σπάρτῃ, τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς οὐ δίκαιοι·
The ὡς-clause reports the grounds of the accusation: the Lacedaemonians were highly esteemed in Sparta but not just regarding the Achaeans; copulas are elided in both nominal predicates.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | obj | high | Genitive of charge/matter: 'for these things'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | cc | high | |
| 3 | πλείονα | πολύς | ADJ | A-APM-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | obj | medium | Comparative accusative, agreeing with an implicit masculine plural object: 'more [charges/accusations]'. |
| 4 | ἐνεκάλουν | ἐγκαλέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | iobj | high | Dative complement of ἐγκαλέω. |
| 6 | Ἀρεὺς | Ἄρευς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 Ἀλκιβιάδας | cc | high | |
| 8 | Ἀλκιβιάδας | Ἀλκιβιάδης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀρεὺς | conj | high | Coordinated subject with Ἀρεὺς. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | mark | high | Introduces the reported/content clause. |
| 11 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 δόκιμοι | nsubj | high | Subject of the nominal predicates δόκιμοι and δίκαιοι. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 14 δόκιμοι | advmod | high | First member of μέν ... δέ contrast. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 δόκιμοι | cc | medium | Coordinates the predicates Λακεδαιμόνιοι ... δόκιμοι; semantically also intensifying. |
| 14 | δόκιμοι | δόκιμος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | ccomp | medium | Predicate adjective in the ὡς-clause; copula is elided. |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 μάλιστα | advmod | high | Substantivized accusative with μάλιστα: 'to the greatest degree'. |
| 16 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-S | Degree=Sup | 14 δόκιμοι | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | |
| 18 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 Σπάρτῃ | det | high | |
| 19 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 δόκιμοι | obl | high | Locative adjunct: 'in Sparta'. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | punct | high | |
| 21 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 δίκαιοι | obl | medium | Substantivized accusative with ἐς: 'with regard to the affairs of'. |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 δίκαιοι | cc | high | Second member of μέν ... δέ contrast. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 Ἀχαιοὺς | case | high | |
| 24 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 τὰ | nmod | high | Object of ἐς within the substantivized phrase. |
| 25 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 δίκαιοι | advmod | high | |
| 26 | δίκαιοι | δίκαιος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 δόκιμοι | conj | medium | Second nominal predicate, coordinated contrastively with δόκιμοι; copula is elided. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | punct | high |
γενομένους γὰρ ὑπὸ Νάβιδος φυγάδας ὑπεδέξαντο αὐτοὺς οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ καὶ ἀποθανόντος Νάβιδος παρὰ γνώμην Λακεδαιμονίων τοῦ δήμου κατάγουσιν ἐς Σπάρτην.
Two coordinated finite clauses share the object αὐτούς: the first has an accusative predicative participle γενομένους with ὑπό-agent; the second has a genitive absolute ἀποθανόντος Νάβιδος and κατάγουσιν as its root. The subject of κατάγουσιν is the Achaeans, understood from the first clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενομένους | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PAP-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Med | 5 φυγάδας | acl | high | Predicative participle agreeing with the understood/explicit object αὐτούς; ὑπό Νάβιδος supplies the agent. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-PART | _ | 6 ὑπεδέξαντο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 4 Νάβιδος | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive agent Νάβιδος. |
| 4 | Νάβιδος | Νάβις | PROPN | N-PRI-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 γενομένους | obl:agent | high | Personal name in genitive after ὑπό. |
| 5 | φυγάδας | φυγάς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ὑπεδέξαντο | xcomp | high | Accusative predicative complement with γενομένους, agreeing with αὐτούς. |
| 6 | ὑπεδέξαντο | ὑποδέχομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Med | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated finite predicate; subject οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ follows. |
| 7 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 6 ὑπεδέξαντο | obj | high | Object of ὑπεδέξαντο and shared object of κατάγουσιν. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Ἀχαιοὶ | det | high | Article with Ἀχαιοὶ. |
| 9 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ὑπεδέξαντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ὑπεδέξαντο and understood subject of κατάγουσιν. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 κατάγουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the two finite predicates. |
| 11 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 κατάγουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 12 | Νάβιδος | Νάβις | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 13 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 14 γνώμην | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative γνώμην. |
| 14 | γνώμην | γνώμη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 κατάγουσιν | obl | high | Adverbial accusative phrase παρὰ γνώμην, ‘against the opinion/judgment’. |
| 15 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 γνώμην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on γνώμην: the Lacedaemonians’ opinion. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 δήμου | det | high | Article with δήμου. |
| 17 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Λακεδαιμονίων | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on Λακεδαιμονίων, specifying the Lacedaemonian civic body/demos. |
| 18 | κατάγουσιν | κατάγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 ὑπεδέξαντο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate; subject Ἀχαιοὶ is understood and object αὐτούς is shared. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 20 Σπάρτην | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative destination. |
| 20 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 κατάγουσιν | obl | high | Accusative destination with ἐς. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ὑπεδέξαντο | punct | high |
τότε οὖν ἀναβεβηκότες καὶ οὗτοι παρὰ τὴν βουλὴν προθυμότατα ἐνέκειντο Ἀχαιοῖς·
The participle ἀναβεβηκότες is nominative masculine plural and agrees with οὗτοι; παρὰ τὴν βουλήν is a directional/contrary-to phrase, while Ἀχαιοῖς is the dative object of ἐνέκειντο (‘pressed upon/opposed the Achaeans’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 10 ἐνέκειντο | advmod | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G- | _ | 10 ἐνέκειντο | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | ἀναβεβηκότες | ἀναβαίνω | VERB | V-PAPMPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 5 οὗτοι | acl | high | Perfect active participle agreeing with οὗτοι. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 5 οὗτοι | cc | high | |
| 5 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | RD-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 10 ἐνέκειντο | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R- | _ | 8 βουλὴν | case | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 βουλὴν | det | high | |
| 8 | βουλὴν | βουλή | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνέκειντο | obl | high | Accusative governed by παρά. |
| 9 | προθυμότατα | πρόθυμος | ADV | A-NS由 | Degree=Sup | 10 ἐνέκειντο | advmod | medium | Adverbial superlative; form is neuter plural accusative used adverbially. |
| 10 | ἐνέκειντο | ἐγκέομαι | VERB | V-IPI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Lemma and voice analysis are somewhat uncertain; sense is ‘pressed upon/attacked’. |
| 11 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐνέκειντο | iobj | high | |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐνέκειντο | punct | high |
Ἀχαιοὶ δέ σφισιν ἀπελθοῦσιν ἐπιβάλλουσιν ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ θάνατον ζημίαν.
The subject Ἀχαιοὶ governs ἐπιβάλλουσιν; σφισιν is a reflexive dative referring to the Achaeans, and ἀπελθοῦσιν is a dative aorist participle agreeing with it, probably temporal/circumstantial. θάνατον ζημίαν is an accusative predicative/object complement construction, ‘impose death as a penalty’; the exact attachment of the two accusatives is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N--PMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπιβάλλουσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally as the subject. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἐπιβάλλουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-------- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 4 ἀπελθοῦσιν | obl | medium | Reflexive dative, coreferential with Ἀχαιοὶ; form is also compatible with a non-reflexive third-person plural pronoun. |
| 4 | ἀπελθοῦσιν | ἀπέρχομαι | VERB | V--AAP-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἐπιβάλλουσιν | advcl | medium | Dative aorist participle, agreeing with σφισιν; likely temporal/circumstantial (‘after they had departed’). |
| 5 | ἐπιβάλλουσιν | ἐπιβάλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 8 συνεδρίῳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-SDMN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 συνεδρίῳ | det | high | Article modifying συνεδρίῳ. |
| 8 | συνεδρίῳ | συνέδριον | NOUN | N-SDN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπιβάλλουσιν | obl | high | Dative of venue or institutional setting. |
| 9 | θάνατον | θάνατος | NOUN | N-SMAN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπιβάλλουσιν | obj | medium | Accusative penalty imposed; may be analyzed as the primary object. |
| 10 | ζημίαν | ζημία | NOUN | N-SFAN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 θάνατον | xcomp | low | Accusative predicative complement, probably ‘as a penalty’; attachment to θάνατον versus coordination with it is uncertain. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπιβάλλουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |