Grammar parses for passage 7.9.2
Open translation for this passage
τούτων δὲ πλείονα ἐνεκάλουν Ἀχαιοῖς Ἀρεὺς καὶ Ἀλκιβιάδας, ὡς Λακεδαιμόνιοι μὲν καὶ δόκιμοι τὰ μάλιστα ἐν τῇ Σπάρτῃ, τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς οὐ δίκαιοι·
The syntax is elliptical in the ὡς-clause, with implied copula/predication; the main difficulty is deciding the attachment of the two predicative adjectives and the coordinated subject forms.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτων | οὗτος | DET | Pd-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 πλείονα | det | high | Demonstrative genitive plural modifying πλείονα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πλείονα | πολύς | ADJ | A---cmpna- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | obj | medium | Likely object/complement of ἐνεκάλουν; form can also be substantival. |
| 4 | ἐνεκάλουν | ἐγκαλέω | VERB | V-iaia3p-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 5 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Np-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | iobj | high | Dative governed by ἐγκαλέω. |
| 6 | Ἀρεὺς | Ἀρεύς | PROPN | Npmsn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | nsubj | medium | Subject of ἐνεκάλουν. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 Ἀλκιβιάδας | cc | high | Coordinates the two subjects. |
| 8 | Ἀλκιβιάδας | Ἀλκιβιάδης | PROPN | Np-p---ma- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Ἀρεὺς | conj | low | Form is ambiguous in isolation; treated as coordinated nominative subject per context, though token shape is atypical. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐνεκάλουν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 26 δίκαιοι | mark | high | Introduces the explanatory/causal clause. |
| 11 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | NOUN | Npm-p---n- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 δόκιμοι | nsubj | high | Subject of implied/copular predication. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | advmod | medium | Focus/additive particle with the subject. |
| 14 | δόκιμοι | δόκιμος | ADJ | A---p---n- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Predicative adjective; sentence continues with omitted/copular relation and contrastive δεύτερον μέν...δέ structure. |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Ld-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 μάλιστα | obj | high | Article with adverbial accusative. |
| 16 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 δόκιμοι | advmod | high | Intensifies δόκιμοι. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 18 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Σπάρτῃ | det | high | Article with place name. |
| 19 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 δόκιμοι | obl | high | Locative phrase dependent on the predication. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 δόκιμοι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 21 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 δίκαιοι | obj | high | Correlative accusative with δέ-clause. |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 26 δίκαιοι | discourse | high | Contrastive particle. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 Ἀχαιοὺς | case | high | Preposition. |
| 24 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Np-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 δίκαιοι | obl | high | Prepositional complement. |
| 25 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 26 δίκαιοι | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 26 | δίκαιοι | δίκαιος | ADJ | A---p---n- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 δόκιμοι | conj | medium | Second predicative adjective in the asyndetic/μέν...δέ contrast; head attached as coordinated predication. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 δόκιμοι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
γενομένους γὰρ ὑπὸ Νάβιδος φυγάδας ὑπεδέξαντο αὐτοὺς οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ καὶ ἀποθανόντος Νάβιδος παρὰ γνώμην Λακεδαιμονίων τοῦ δήμου κατάγουσιν ἐς Σπάρτην.
The clause after καὶ is syntactically compressed; τοῦ δήμου is likely part of a genitive absolute or genitive-subject construction with κατάγουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενομένους | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AOR-MID-AP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 ὑπεδέξαντο | advcl | high | Participial clause with implied subject 'they'. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ὑπεδέξαντο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 4 Νάβιδος | case | high | Marks agent in passive-like construction. |
| 4 | Νάβιδος | Νάβις | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 γενομένους | obl | high | Genitive governed by ὑπό. |
| 5 | φυγάδας | φυγάς | NOUN | N-AP---MF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ὑπεδέξαντο | xcomp | medium | Predicative object complement with γενομένους; could also be secondary predicate. |
| 6 | ὑπεδέξαντο | ὑποδέχομαι | VERB | V-AOR-MD-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 6 ὑπεδέξαντο | obj | high | Direct object. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-?? | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Ἀχαιοὶ | det | high | Article with substantival ethnic. |
| 9 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ὑπεδέξαντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ὑπεδέξαντο. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 κατάγουσιν | cc | high | Links coordinated main clause. |
| 11 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AOR-ACT-AP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 κατάγουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 12 | Νάβιδος | Νάβις | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute. |
| 13 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 14 γνώμην | case | high | With accusative, 'contrary to'. |
| 14 | γνώμην | γνώμη | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 κατάγουσιν | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 15 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 γνώμην | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of γνώμην. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-?? | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 δήμου | det | high | Article with δήμου. |
| 17 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 κατάγουσιν | nsubj | medium | Likely genitive subject in an absolute-like construction; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 18 | κατάγουσιν | κατάγω | VERB | V-PRO-ACT-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second main verb, probably coordinated with ὑπεδέξαντο; present historic. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 20 Σπάρτην | case | high | Directional preposition. |
| 20 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 κατάγουσιν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 κατάγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ἀχαιοὶ δέ σφισιν ἀπελθοῦσιν ἐπιβάλλουσιν ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ θάνατον ζημίαν.
The phrase θάνατον ζημίαν is semantically appositional/explanatory; syntax is slightly uncertain, but ἐπιβάλλουσιν is the main predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | NOUN | N--MPN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπιβάλλουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπιβάλλουσιν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 ἐπιβάλλουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp3D--- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 ἐπιβάλλουσιν | iobj | medium | Dative pronoun, likely indirect object/recipient. |
| 4 | ἀπελθοῦσιν | ἀπέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Ἀχαιοὶ | advcl | high | Dative participle agreeing with Ἀχαιοῖς/Ἀχαιοὶ? likely temporal/circumstantial participle. |
| 5 | ἐπιβάλλουσιν | ἐπιβάλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ἐπιβάλλουσιν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 συνεδρίῳ | det | high | Article modifying συνεδρίῳ. |
| 8 | συνεδρίῳ | συνέδριον | NOUN | N--DSN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπιβάλλουσιν | obl | high | Prepositional oblique with ἐν. |
| 9 | θάνατον | θάνατος | NOUN | N--MSA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπιβάλλουσιν | obj | high | Object complement in accusative. |
| 10 | ζημίαν | ζημία | NOUN | N--FSA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 θάνατον | appos | medium | Likely apposition/explanatory noun phrase 'death as penalty'. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπιβάλλουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |