Grammar parses for passage 7.9.3
Open translation for this passage
Ῥωμαίων δὲ ἡ βουλὴ πέμπουσιν ἄλλους τε ἄνδρας καὶ Ἄππιον Λακεδαιμονίοις καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς τὰ δίκαια ὁρίσαι.
The syntax is straightforward except for πέμπουσιν, whose plural subject agreement is anomalous with singular ἡ βουλή; retain the attested form and analyze βουλή as its subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 βουλὴ | nmod | high | Genitive of affiliation/origin: 'of the Romans'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 πέμπουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 βουλὴ | det | high | |
| 4 | βουλὴ | βουλή | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πέμπουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of πέμπουσιν; the finite form is plural by attraction or textual irregularity. |
| 5 | πέμπουσιν | πέμπω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate; plural may reflect collective or an irregular concord with singular βουλή. |
| 6 | ἄλλους | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἄνδρας | amod | high | |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἄνδρας | cc | high | Correlative conjunction linking ἄλλους ἄνδρας with Ἄππιον. |
| 8 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 πέμπουσιν | obj | high | First coordinated object of πέμπουσιν. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 Ἄππιον | cc | high | Coordinates Ἄππιον with ἄλλους ἄνδρας. |
| 10 | Ἄππιον | Ἄππιος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πέμπουσιν | conj | high | Coordinated accusative object. |
| 11 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ὁρίσαι | iobj | high | Dative recipient/addressee of ὁρίσαι. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 Ἀχαιοῖς | cc | high | Coordinates the two dative recipients. |
| 13 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Λακεδαιμονίοις | conj | high | Second coordinated dative recipient. |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 δίκαια | det | high | |
| 15 | δίκαια | δίκαιος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ὁρίσαι | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural: 'the just/right arrangements'. |
| 16 | ὁρίσαι | ὁρίζω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 πέμπουσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive expressing the purpose/content of sending. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 πέμπουσιν | punct | high |
Ἄππιος δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ ἔμελλον μὲν οὐδὲ ὀφθέντες Ἀχαιοῖς ἔσεσθαι καθʼ ἡδονήν, οἳ Ἀρέα καὶ Ἀλκιβιάδαν ἅμʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπήγοντο ἐν τῷ τότε Ἀχαιοῖς ἐχθίστους·
Ἄππιος καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ are the subject of ἔμελλον, with ἔσεσθαι as its complementary infinitive; ὀφθέντες is a concessive/temporal participle. οἳ refers to the Achaeans and introduces the relative clause whose subject is understood (the Achaeans), with Ἀρέα and Ἀλκιβιάδαν as objects of ἐπήγοντο and ἐχθίστους as a predicative complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄππιος | Ἄππιος | PROPN | Ne-sm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔμελλον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἔμελλον | cc | high | Postpositive contrastive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 οἱ | cc | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | PpNm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔμελλον | nsubj | high | Substantivized article, coordinated with Ἄππιος. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 6 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3ms | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 4 οἱ | nmod | high | Object of σύν; modifies the substantivized οἱ. |
| 7 | ἔμελλον | μέλλω | VERB | V3pliaia | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 7 ἔμελλον | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; continuation is supplied by the following relative clause. |
| 9 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ὀφθέντες | cc | medium | Coordinates the negative participial circumstance; can also be read adverbially as ‘not even’. |
| 10 | ὀφθέντες | ὁράω | VERB | V-papnm-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 12 ἔσεσθαι | advcl | medium | Aorist passive participle, likely concessive/temporal: ‘even when seen’. |
| 11 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Ne-dm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἔσεσθαι | iobj | high | Dative with ἔσεσθαι, ‘be pleasing to the Achaeans’. |
| 12 | ἔσεσθαι | εἰμί | AUX | V--fnm | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 ἔμελλον | xcomp | high | Future infinitive complementary to ἔμελλον. |
| 13 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ἡδονήν | case | high | Elided κατά. |
| 14 | ἡδονήν | ἡδονή | NOUN | N-asfa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἔσεσθαι | obl | high | Prepositional expression καθ’ ἡδονήν, ‘to the liking/pleasure’. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔμελλον | punct | high | |
| 16 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | Pp-rnm-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπήγοντο | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Ἀχαιοῖς; nominative plural subject of ἐπήγοντο. |
| 17 | Ἀρέα | Ἄρης | PROPN | Ne-asm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐπήγοντο | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐπήγοντο. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 Ἀλκιβιάδαν | cc | high | |
| 19 | Ἀλκιβιάδαν | Ἀλκιβιάδης | PROPN | Ne-asm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀρέα | conj | high | Coordinated accusative object; form is the contracted/irregular accusative Ἀλκιβιάδαν. |
| 20 | ἅμʼ | ἅμα | ADV | ADV | _ | 22 ἐπήγοντο | advmod | high | Elided ἅμα, ‘together with/at the same time’. |
| 21 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3mp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 20 ἅμʼ | obl | high | Dative complement of ἅμα, referring to the Achaeans. |
| 22 | ἐπήγοντο | ἐπάγω | VERB | V3plimi | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 16 οἳ | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate; middle voice means ‘were bringing/leading along’. |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 τότε | case | high | |
| 24 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Pp3dms | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 τότε | det | high | Article substantivizing τότε. |
| 25 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 22 ἐπήγοντο | obl | high | Adverbial τότε, substantivized by τῷ after ἐν: ‘at that time’. |
| 26 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Ne-dm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐχθίστους | obl | high | Dative of reference with ἐχθίστους, ‘most hated by the Achaeans’. |
| 27 | ἐχθίστους | ἐχθρός | ADJ | A-asmp | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπήγοντο | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative agreeing with the understood objects Ἄρεα καὶ Ἀλκιβιάδαν; superlative. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔμελλον | punct | high |
ἐλύπησαν δὲ καὶ ἐς πλέον τοὺς Ἀχαιούς, ἐπειδὴ ἐς τὸν σύλλογον αὐτῶν ἐπελθόντες σὺν ὀργῇ μᾶλλον ἐποιοῦντο ἢ πειθοῖ τοὺς λόγους.
The subject of ἐποιοῦντο is the participial ἐπελθόντες, referring to the Achaeans; ἢ πειθοῖ contrasts forceful speech with persuasive speech, while τοὺς λόγους is the object of ἐποιοῦντο. The adverbial ἐς πλέον modifies ἐλύπησαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐλύπησαν | λυπέω | VERB | VPAI3P | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐλύπησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐλύπησαν | advmod | high | Additive adverb. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 πλέον | case | high | |
| 5 | πλέον | πολύς | ADV | ADJ-ACCNS | Degree=Cmp | 1 ἐλύπησαν | advmod | medium | Substantivized comparative/adverbial expression ἐς πλέον. |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Ἀχαιούς | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀχαιούς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐλύπησαν | obj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 ἐλύπησαν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐπειδὴ | ἐπειδή | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐποιοῦντο | mark | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 σύλλογον | case | high | |
| 11 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 σύλλογον | det | high | |
| 12 | σύλλογον | σύλλογος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπελθόντες | obl | high | |
| 13 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 12 σύλλογον | nmod:poss | high | Possessive genitive, referring to the Achaeans. |
| 14 | ἐπελθόντες | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | VAAPชNPM | Aspect=Perfective|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 18 ἐποιοῦντο | nsubj | high | Aorist active participle; subject of ἐποιοῦντο. |
| 15 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 ὀργῇ | case | high | |
| 16 | ὀργῇ | ὀργή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπελθόντες | obl | high | Manner/circumstance phrase σὺν ὀργῇ. |
| 17 | μᾶλλον | μάλα | ADV | ADV-CMP | Degree=Cmp | 18 ἐποιοῦντο | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ἐποιοῦντο | ποιέω | VERB | VIMI3P | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Mid | 1 ἐλύπησαν | advcl | high | Middle voice: they made/delivered the speeches. |
| 19 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 πειθοῖ | cc | high | Comparative coordination in μᾶλλον ... ἢ. |
| 20 | πειθοῖ | πειθώ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐποιοῦντο | obl | medium | Dative of means/manner, contrasted with σὺν ὀργῇ. |
| 21 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 λόγους | det | high | |
| 22 | λόγους | λόγος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐποιοῦντο | obj | high | |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 ἐλύπησαν | punct | high |