Grammar parses for passage 7.9.4
Open translation for this passage
Λυκόρτας δὲ ὁ Μεγαλοπολίτης, οὔτε ἀξιώματι οὐδενὸς Ἀρκάδων ὕστερος καί τι καὶ φρόνημα κατὰ φιλίαν προσειληφὼς τὴν Φιλοποίμενος, λόγῳ τε ἀπέφαινε τὰ ὑπὲρ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν δίκαια καὶ ὁμοῦ τοῖς λόγοις καὶ μέμψιν τινὰ ὑπέτεινεν ἐς τοὺς Ῥωμαίους.
Λυκόρτας is the subject of both finite verbs; προσειληφώς is a circumstantial participle agreeing with him. οὔτε coordinates ἀξιώματι and φρόνημα, while τι with φρόνημα is an indefinite adverbial/quantifying modifier. The object of ἀπέφαινε is τὰ ... δίκαια, and μέμψιν is the object of ὑπέτεινεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λυκόρτας | Λυκόρτας | PROPN | Nbmas | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἀπέφαινε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 23 ἀπέφαινε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Μεγαλοπολίτης | det | high | |
| 4 | Μεγαλοπολίτης | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | Nbmas | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Λυκόρτας | appos | high | Appositional demonym. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀπέφαινε | punct | high | |
| 6 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 10 ὕστερος | cc | high | Coordinates the first predicate complement with καί at token 13. |
| 7 | ἀξιώματι | ἀξίωμα | NOUN | Nb-sd--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ὕστερος | obl | high | Dative of respect/standard with ὕστερος. |
| 8 | οὐδενὸς | οὐδείς | PRON | Px---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀξιώματι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀξιώματι. |
| 9 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Nbmpg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 οὐδενὸς | nmod | high | Genitive within the phrase οὐδενὸς Ἀρκάδων. |
| 10 | ὕστερος | ὕστερος | ADJ | A-NSM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 προσειληφὼς | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective in the participial clause; understood subject is Λυκόρτας. |
| 11 | καί | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 14 φρόνημα | cc | high | Coordinates φρόνημα with the preceding predicate complement. |
| 12 | τι | τις | PRON | Px---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 φρόνημα | advmod | medium | Indefinite τι used adverbially/quantifyingly: ‘somewhat’. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 14 φρόνημα | cc | high | Correlative continuation with οὔτε. |
| 14 | φρόνημα | φρόνημα | NOUN | Nb-sa--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 προσειληφὼς | obj | high | Second complement associated with προσειληφώς. |
| 15 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 φιλίαν | case | high | |
| 16 | φιλίαν | φιλία | NOUN | Nb-sa--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 φρόνημα | obl | high | Accusative object of κατά. |
| 17 | προσειληφὼς | προσλαμβάνω | VERB | V-RPNAms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ἀπέφαινε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the subject. |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 Φιλοποίμενος | det | high | |
| 19 | Φιλοποίμενος | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | Nbmas | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 φιλίαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φιλίαν: friendship with/of Philopoemen. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀπέφαινε | punct | high | |
| 21 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | Nb-sm--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἀπέφαινε | obl | high | Dative of means. |
| 22 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 21 λόγῳ | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 23 | ἀπέφαινε | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V-IAI3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 24 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 δίκαια | det | high | |
| 25 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 27 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | |
| 26 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | |
| 27 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Nbmpg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 δίκαια | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ὑπέρ. |
| 28 | δίκαια | δίκαιος | ADJ | A-PNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ἀπέφαινε | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the just claims/things’. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 36 ὑπέτεινεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite predicate. |
| 30 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 36 ὑπέτεινεν | advmod | high | ‘Together/at the same time with’. |
| 31 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 λόγοις | det | high | |
| 32 | λόγοις | λόγος | NOUN | Nb-pd--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 ὁμοῦ | obl | high | Dative complement with ὁμοῦ. |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 34 μέμψιν | cc | high | |
| 34 | μέμψιν | μέμψις | NOUN | Nb-saf-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ὑπέτεινεν | obj | high | Object of ὑπέτεινεν. |
| 35 | τινὰ | τις | DET | Px---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 μέμψιν | det | high | Indefinite determiner. |
| 36 | ὑπέτεινεν | ὑποτείνω | VERB | V-IAI3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 23 ἀπέφαινε | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; subject Λυκόρτας is shared. |
| 37 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 38 τοὺς | case | high | |
| 38 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 Ῥωμαίους | det | high | |
| 39 | Ῥωμαίους | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Nbmpa | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 ὑπέτεινεν | obl | high | Goal/target complement of ὑπέτεινεν. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀπέφαινε | punct | high |
Ἄππιος δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ Λυκόρταν λέγοντα ἐποιοῦντο ἐν χλευασμῷ καὶ Ἀρέως ἀποψηφίζονται καὶ Ἀλκιβιάδα μηδὲν ἀδίκημα ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς εἶναι, Λακεδαιμονίοις τε ἀποστεῖλαι πρέσβεις ἐφιᾶσιν ἐς Ῥώμην, ἐναντία ἐφιέντες ἢ Ῥωμαίοις συγκείμενα ἦν καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς· Ἀχαιῶν μὲν γὰρ εἴρητο ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ παρὰ τὴν Ῥωμαίων βουλὴν ἀπιέναι πρέσβεις, ἰδίᾳ δὲ ἀπείρητο μὴ πρεσβεύεσθαι τὰς πόλεις ὅσαι συνεδρίου τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν μετεῖχον.
Complex coordinated construction: Ἄππιος καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ are subject of ἐποιοῦντο/ἀποψηφίζονται/ἐφιᾶσιν/ἐφιέντες; the final clauses report contrary resolutions. Some participial and infinitival attachment is interpreted conservatively.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄππιος | Ἄππιος | PROPN | Noun-Prop-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 οἱ | cc | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Pl-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized article, with following prepositional phrase. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | Prep | _ | 6 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 6 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pron-Dat-Sg-Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 4 οἱ | nmod | high | |
| 7 | Λυκόρταν | Λυκόρτας | PROPN | Noun-Prop-Acc-Sg-Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 λέγοντα | obj | high | |
| 8 | λέγοντα | λέγω | VERB | Pres-Act-Part-Acc-Sg-Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative participle with Λυκόρταν. |
| 9 | ἐποιοῦντο | ποιέω | VERB | Impf-Mid-Ind-3Pl | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 11 χλευασμῷ | case | high | |
| 11 | χλευασμῷ | χλευασμός | NOUN | Noun-Dat-Sg-Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | obl | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 14 ἀποψηφίζονται | cc | high | |
| 13 | Ἀρέως | Ἄρης | PROPN | Noun-Prop-Gen-Sg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀποψηφίζονται | obj | medium | Accusative is expected semantically, but transmitted form is genitive; likely governed by a phrase or textual irregularity. |
| 14 | ἀποψηφίζονται | ἀποψηφίζω | VERB | Pres-Mid-Ind-3Pl | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | conj | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 16 Ἀλκιβιάδα | cc | high | |
| 16 | Ἀλκιβιάδα | Ἀλκιβιάδης | PROPN | Noun-Prop-Acc-Sg-Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 17 | μηδὲν | μηδείς | PRON | Indef-Neg-Acc-Sg-Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 18 ἀδίκημα | det | high | |
| 18 | ἀδίκημα | ἀδίκημα | NOUN | Noun-Acc-Sg-Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative phrase interpreted as subject-like complement of εἶναι. |
| 19 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 20 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 20 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | Pron-Gen-Pl | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 18 ἀδίκημα | nmod | high | |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 22 Ἀχαιοὺς | case | high | |
| 22 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Noun-Prop-Acc-Pl-Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀδίκημα | obl | medium | Recipient/target of the alleged offense. |
| 23 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | Pres-Act-Inf | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 ἀποψηφίζονται | xcomp | high | |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | punct | high | |
| 25 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Noun-Prop-Dat-Pl-Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἀποστεῖλαι | iobj | high | |
| 26 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 27 ἀποστεῖλαι | cc | high | |
| 27 | ἀποστεῖλαι | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | Aor-Act-Inf | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 29 ἐφιᾶσιν | xcomp | medium | Infinitive coordinated in the reported policy construction. |
| 28 | πρέσβεις | πρέσβυς | NOUN | Noun-Acc-Pl-Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἀποστεῖλαι | obj | high | |
| 29 | ἐφιᾶσιν | ἐφίημι | VERB | Pres-Act-Ind-3Pl | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | conj | high | |
| 30 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 31 Ῥώμην | case | high | |
| 31 | Ῥώμην | Ῥώμη | PROPN | Noun-Prop-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀποστεῖλαι | obl | high | |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | punct | high | |
| 33 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | Adj-Acc-Pl-Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 ἐφιέντες | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, object of ἐφιέντες. |
| 34 | ἐφιέντες | ἐφίημι | VERB | Pres-Act-Part-Nom-Pl-Masc | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 29 ἐφιᾶσιν | advcl | high | |
| 35 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 37 συγκείμενα | cc | high | Comparative/alternative connective. |
| 36 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Noun-Prop-Dat-Pl-Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 37 συγκείμενα | iobj | medium | Dative complement of συγκείμενα. |
| 37 | συγκείμενα | σύγκειμαι | VERB | Perf-Mid-Part-Nom-Pl-Neut | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 38 ἦν | csubj | medium | Neuter plural participle, subject-like with ἦν; agreement is irregular/elliptical. |
| 38 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | Impf-Act-Ind-3Sg | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 34 ἐφιέντες | advcl | medium | Forms the comparison clause with συγκείμενα. |
| 39 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 40 Ἀχαιοῖς | cc | high | |
| 40 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Noun-Prop-Dat-Pl-Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 37 συγκείμενα | conj | high | |
| 41 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | punct | high | |
| 42 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Noun-Prop-Gen-Pl-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 45 εἴρητο | nmod | high | |
| 43 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 45 εἴρητο | discourse | high | |
| 44 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Part | _ | 45 εἴρητο | discourse | high | |
| 45 | εἴρητο | ἐρῶ | VERB | Plup-Mid-Ind-3Sg | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 9 ἐποιοῦντο | parataxis | medium | Impersonal/pluperfect passive-like form: 'it had been stated/ordered'. |
| 46 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | Prep | _ | 48 κοινοῦ | case | high | |
| 47 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg-Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 48 κοινοῦ | det | high | |
| 48 | κοινοῦ | κοινός | ADJ | Adj-Gen-Sg-Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 45 εἴρητο | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the common body'. |
| 49 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | Prep | _ | 52 βουλὴν | case | high | |
| 50 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 52 βουλὴν | det | high | |
| 51 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Noun-Prop-Gen-Pl-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 52 βουλὴν | nmod | high | |
| 52 | βουλὴν | βουλή | NOUN | Noun-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 53 ἀπιέναι | obl | high | |
| 53 | ἀπιέναι | ἄπειμι | VERB | Pres-Act-Inf | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 45 εἴρητο | ccomp | high | |
| 54 | πρέσβεις | πρέσβυς | NOUN | Noun-Acc-Pl-Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 53 ἀπιέναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 45 εἴρητο | punct | high | |
| 56 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADV | Adv | Degree=Pos | 58 ἀπείρητο | advmod | high | Adverbial dative, 'privately/individually'. |
| 57 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 58 ἀπείρητο | cc | high | |
| 58 | ἀπείρητο | ἀπαγορεύω | VERB | Plup-Mid-Ind-3Sg | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 45 εἴρητο | conj | medium | Impersonal/pluperfect form, coordinated with εἴρητο. |
| 59 | μὴ | μή | PART | Part-Neg | Polarity=Neg | 60 πρεσβεύεσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 60 | πρεσβεύεσθαι | πρεσβεύω | VERB | Pres-Mid-Inf | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 58 ἀπείρητο | ccomp | high | |
| 61 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Pl-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 62 πόλεις | det | high | |
| 62 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | Noun-Acc-Pl-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 60 πρεσβεύεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 63 | ὅσαι | ὅσος | PRON | Rel-Nom-Pl-Fem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 67 μετεῖχον | nsubj | high | |
| 64 | συνεδρίου | συνέδριον | NOUN | Noun-Gen-Sg-Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 67 μετεῖχον | obl | high | |
| 65 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg-Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 64 συνεδρίου | det | high | |
| 66 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Noun-Prop-Gen-Pl-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 64 συνεδρίου | nmod | high | |
| 67 | μετεῖχον | μετέχω | VERB | Impf-Act-Ind-3Pl | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 62 πόλεις | acl:relcl | high | |
| 68 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 45 εἴρητο | punct | high |