Grammar parses for passage 7.9.5
Open translation for this passage
ἀντιπρεσβευσαμένων δὲ καὶ Ἀχαιῶν Λακεδαιμονίοις καὶ λόγων ῥηθέντων ὑπὸ ἀμφοτέρων ἐπὶ τῆς βουλῆς, τοὺς αὐτοὺς ἀποστέλλουσιν αὖθις οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι Λακεδαιμονίοις γενέσθαι καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς δικαστάς, Ἄππιον καὶ ὅσοι σὺν ἐκείνῳ πρότερον ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἀφίκοντο.
Two genitive absolute constructions precede the main clause; the final relative clause after Ἄππιον is somewhat loosely attached and may be appositional in sense.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀντιπρεσβευσαμένων | ἀντιπρεσβεύω | VERB | V-AOR-PTCP-MPG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Ἀχαιῶν | cc | high | Joins subjects in the genitive absolute. |
| 4 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀντιπρεσβευσαμένων | nsubj | medium | Subject of the genitive absolute; proper-name/ethnic adjective usage. |
| 5 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀντιπρεσβευσαμένων | obl | high | Dative with the verbal adjective/participial phrase. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 λόγων | cc | high | Joins two genitive absolute nouns. |
| 7 | λόγων | λόγος | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ῥηθέντων | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive participle. |
| 8 | ῥηθέντων | λέγω | VERB | V-AOR-PTCP-PMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 9 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 10 ἀμφοτέρων | case | high | Introduces agent phrase. |
| 10 | ἀμφοτέρων | ἀμφότερος | ADJ | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ῥηθέντων | obl:agent | high | Agent of passive participle. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 13 βουλῆς | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 βουλῆς | det | high | Article. |
| 13 | βουλῆς | βουλή | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | obl | high | Locative/temporal oblique phrase. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 αὐτοὺς | det | high | Article. |
| 16 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | ADJ | A-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | obj | high | Refers back to the same persons. |
| 17 | ἀποστέλλουσιν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 18 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | _ | _ | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier. |
| 19 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 Ῥωμαῖοι | det | high | Article. |
| 20 | Ῥωμαῖοι | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of main verb. |
| 21 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 γενέσθαι | obl | medium | Dative complement with infinitive/genitive sense: 'to be judges for...'; syntactic attachment uncertain. |
| 22 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AOR-INF-M | Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | xcomp | high | Complement of ἀποστέλλουσιν. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 Ἀχαιοῖς | cc | high | Joins coordinated dative phrase. |
| 24 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Dative complement with infinitive. |
| 25 | δικαστάς | δικαστής | NOUN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 γενέσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative with infinitive, 'as judges'. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 27 | Ἄππιον | Ἄππιος | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | appos | high | Appositive in the accusative. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 29 ὅσοι | cc | high | Joins nominative/relative phrase. |
| 29 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 37 . | nsubj | medium | Relative pronoun; main clause relation somewhat loose. |
| 30 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | _ | _ | 31 ἐκείνῳ | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 31 | ἐκείνῳ | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | A-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 36 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | Accompaniment phrase with σύν. |
| 32 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | _ | _ | 36 ἀφίκοντο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 33 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 35 Ἑλλάδα | case | high | Preposition. |
| 34 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 35 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | Article. |
| 35 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 36 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-2AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 29 ὅσοι | acl:relcl | high | Verb of the relative clause. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
οἱ δὲ τούς τε ἐκβληθέντας ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν κατάγουσιν ἐς Σπάρτην καὶ ὅσων πρὸ κρίσεως ἀπελθόντων κατέγνωστο ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἀδικεῖν, καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τούτοις τιμήματα ἔλυσαν· καὶ συντελείας μὲν Λακεδαιμονίους τῆς ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκὸν οὐκ ἀφιᾶσι, περὶ δὲ τῇ ἑκάστου ψυχῇ ξενικά σφισι διδόασιν εἶναι δικαστήρια, ὅσα δὲ ἄλλα ἐγκλήματα, λαμβάνειν τε αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἀχαϊκῷ ὑπέχειν τὰς κρίσεις.
The sentence is a long sequence of coordinated main clauses with several infinitival complements; the most difficult points are the compressed genitive participial construction around κατέγνωστο and the ellipsis/attribution in τῆς ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκὸν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 κατάγουσιν | nsubj | high | Article functioning substantivally as subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 κατάγουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τούς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ἐκβληθέντας | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 3 τούς | advmod | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 5 | ἐκβληθέντας | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 κατάγουσιν | obj | high | Participle modifying the accusative object. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 7 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | Preposition with genitive agent. |
| 7 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐκβληθέντας | obl | high | Agent of passive participle. |
| 8 | κατάγουσιν | κατάγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 10 Σπάρτην | case | high | Directional preposition. |
| 10 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 κατάγουσιν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 κατέγνωστο | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 12 | ὅσων | ὅσος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 15 ἀπελθόντων | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive relative pronoun. |
| 13 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | _ | _ | 14 κρίσεως | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 14 | κρίσεως | κρίσις | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀπελθόντων | obl | high | Object of πρό. |
| 15 | ἀπελθόντων | ἀπέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 κατέγνωστο | nsubj | high | Genitive participle dependent on impersonal pluperfect. |
| 16 | κατέγνωστο | καταγιγνώσκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 8 κατάγουσιν | conj | medium | Impersonal pluperfect; construction is somewhat compressed. |
| 17 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 19 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | Agent preposition. |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | Article with proper-name noun. |
| 19 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 κατέγνωστο | obl | high | Agent of the impersonal verb. |
| 20 | ἀδικεῖν | ἀδικέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 κατέγνωστο | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κατάγουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 ἔλυσαν | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 23 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 τιμήματα | det | high | Article with noun. |
| 24 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 25 τούτοις | case | high | Preposition. |
| 25 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 26 τιμήματα | nmod | high | Dative complement in prepositional phrase. |
| 26 | τιμήματα | τίμημα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 ἔλυσαν | obj | high | Direct object. |
| 27 | ἔλυσαν | λύω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἔλυσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 38 ἀφιᾶσι | cc | high | Coordinator for next clause. |
| 30 | συντελείας | συντέλεια | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 ἀφιᾶσι | obj | high | Accusative object with ἀφιᾶσι. |
| 31 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 30 συντελείας | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 32 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 ἀφιᾶσι | obj | medium | Likely second object of ἀφιᾶσι; syntax slightly compressed. |
| 33 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 36 Ἀχαϊκὸν | det | high | Article with noun phrase. |
| 34 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 36 Ἀχαϊκὸν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 35 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 36 Ἀχαϊκὸν | det | high | Article with adjective substantivized. |
| 36 | Ἀχαϊκὸν | Ἀχαϊκός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 συντελείας | nmod | high | Prepositional genitival/attributive phrase; form likely dependent on omitted noun or on συντελείας. |
| 37 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 38 ἀφιᾶσι | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 38 | ἀφιᾶσι | ἀφίημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of third clause. |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 ἀφιᾶσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 40 | περὶ | περί | ADP | _ | _ | 44 ψυχῇ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 41 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 47 διδόασιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 42 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 44 ψυχῇ | det | high | Article with ψυχῇ. |
| 43 | ἑκάστου | ἕκαστος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 44 ψυχῇ | det | medium | Attributive genitive modifying ψυχῇ. |
| 44 | ψυχῇ | ψυχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 47 διδόασιν | obl | high | Dative topic/recipient with περὶ. |
| 45 | ξενικά | ξενικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 49 δικαστήρια | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 46 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 47 διδόασιν | iobj | high | Dative indirect object. |
| 47 | διδόασιν | δίδωμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of fourth clause. |
| 48 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 49 δικαστήρια | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive. |
| 49 | δικαστήρια | δικαστήριον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 47 διδόασιν | obj | high | Object/predicate-like complement with infinitive. |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 47 διδόασιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 51 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 54 ἐγκλήματα | det | high | Relative determiner/pronoun. |
| 52 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 63 ὑπέχειν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 53 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 54 ἐγκλήματα | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 54 | ἐγκλήματα | ἔγκλημα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 56 λαμβάνειν | obj | high | Object of the infinitive. |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 56 λαμβάνειν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 56 | λαμβάνειν | λαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 47 διδόασιν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement in coordinated clause. |
| 57 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 56 λαμβάνειν | advmod | high | Enclitic connector. |
| 58 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 56 λαμβάνειν | obj | high | Object of λαμβάνειν. |
| 59 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 63 ὑπέχειν | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 60 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 62 Ἀχαϊκῷ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 61 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 62 Ἀχαϊκῷ | det | high | Article with noun/adjective phrase. |
| 62 | Ἀχαϊκῷ | Ἀχαϊκός | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 63 ὑπέχειν | obl | high | Locative/associative complement. |
| 63 | ὑπέχειν | ὑπέχω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 47 διδόασιν | xcomp | high | Second coordinated infinitival complement. |
| 64 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 65 κρίσεις | det | high | Article with noun. |
| 65 | κρίσεις | κρίσις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 63 ὑπέχειν | obj | high | Object of ὑπέχειν. |
| 66 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 47 διδόασιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐτειχίσθη δὲ καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς αὖθις Σπαρτιάταις ὁ κύκλος τοῦ ἄστεως.
The clause is straightforward; Σπαρτιάταις is best taken as a dative associated with the passive verb, though its precise semantic role is somewhat open.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐτειχίσθη | τειχίζω | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb; passive aorist. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 1 ἐτειχίσθη | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐτειχίσθη | cc | high | Coordinating/additive particle. |
| 4 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | _ | 5 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing ἀρχῆς. |
| 5 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-SF-GS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐτειχίσθη | obl | high | Genitive object of ἐξ; idiomatic temporal phrase 'from the beginning'. |
| 6 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D | _ | 1 ἐτειχίσθη | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the verb. |
| 7 | Σπαρτιάταις | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | N-PM-D | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐτειχίσθη | obl | medium | Dative with passive verb, likely agent/affected party; could be dative of interest. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 κύκλος | det | high | Article modifying κύκλος. |
| 9 | κύκλος | κύκλος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐτειχίσθη | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐτειχίσθη. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ἄστεως | det | high | Article modifying ἄστεως. |
| 11 | ἄστεως | ἄστυ | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 κύκλος | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of κύκλος. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐτειχίσθη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |