Grammar parses for passage 7.9.5
Open translation for this passage
ἀντιπρεσβευσαμένων δὲ καὶ Ἀχαιῶν Λακεδαιμονίοις καὶ λόγων ῥηθέντων ὑπὸ ἀμφοτέρων ἐπὶ τῆς βουλῆς, τοὺς αὐτοὺς ἀποστέλλουσιν αὖθις οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι Λακεδαιμονίοις γενέσθαι καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς δικαστάς, Ἄππιον καὶ ὅσοι σὺν ἐκείνῳ πρότερον ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἀφίκοντο.
Genitive absolute (1–13): after Achaean embassies and speeches uttered by both sides before the council, the Romans again send the same men to become judges for Lacedaemonians and Achaeans. Token 27 is appositional to the accusative judges; 29–36 is a relative specification of the accompanying men.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀντιπρεσβευσαμένων | ἀντιπρεσβεύω | VERB | V--PAM-G- | Case=Genitive|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 8 ῥηθέντων | conj | high | Genitive absolute, coordinated with ῥηθέντων. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ἀντιπρεσβευσαμένων | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Ἀχαιῶν | cc | high | |
| 4 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 1 ἀντιπρεσβευσαμένων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive-absolute participle. |
| 5 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 1 ἀντιπρεσβευσαμένων | iobj | high | Dative with ἀντιπρεσβεύω. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ῥηθέντων | cc | high | |
| 7 | λόγων | λόγος | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 8 ῥηθέντων | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive ῥηθέντων. |
| 8 | ῥηθέντων | ἐρῶ | VERB | V--APP-G- | Case=Genitive|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | advcl | high | Second coordinated genitive-absolute participle. |
| 9 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 ἀμφοτέρων | case | high | |
| 10 | ἀμφοτέρων | ἀμφότερος | PRON | A-P---MG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 8 ῥηθέντων | obl:agent | high | Agent of passive ῥηθέντων. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 βουλῆς | case | high | With genitive, location/session. |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S--FG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 13 βουλῆς | det | high | |
| 13 | βουλῆς | βουλή | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 8 ῥηθέντων | obl | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high | |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-P---MA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 16 αὐτοὺς | det | high | |
| 16 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | A-P---MA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀποστέλλουσιν. |
| 17 | ἀποστέλλουσιν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 19 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-P---MN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 20 Ῥωμαῖοι | det | high | |
| 20 | Ῥωμαῖοι | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 22 γενέσθαι | iobj | high | Dative with γενέσθαι/‘to be judges for’. |
| 22 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADN--- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive; δικαστάς is its predicate accusative. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 Ἀχαιοῖς | cc | high | |
| 24 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 22 γενέσθαι | iobj | high | Coordinated dative beneficiary. |
| 25 | δικαστάς | δικαστής | NOUN | N-P---MA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 22 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with γενέσθαι. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 Ἄππιον | punct | high | |
| 27 | Ἄππιον | Ἄππιος | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 25 δικαστάς | appos | high | Apposition within the accusative group of judges. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 29 ὅσοι | cc | high | |
| 29 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | A-P---MN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 27 Ἄππιον | conj | medium | Relative quantifier introducing the accompanying group; syntactically coordinated with Ἄππιον in the accusative appositional phrase, though nominative form reflects attraction/coordination ambiguity. |
| 30 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 31 ἐκείνῳ | case | high | |
| 31 | ἐκείνῳ | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | A-S---MD- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 29 ὅσοι | obl | high | Dative complement of σύν. |
| 32 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 36 ἀφίκοντο | advmod | high | |
| 33 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 35 Ἑλλάδα | case | high | |
| 34 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S--FA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 35 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | |
| 35 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 36 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | |
| 36 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-2AIM-3P- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 29 ὅσοι | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause headed by ὅσοι. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ τούς τε ἐκβληθέντας ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν κατάγουσιν ἐς Σπάρτην καὶ ὅσων πρὸ κρίσεως ἀπελθόντων κατέγνωστο ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἀδικεῖν, καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τούτοις τιμήματα ἔλυσαν· καὶ συντελείας μὲν Λακεδαιμονίους τῆς ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκὸν οὐκ ἀφιᾶσι, περὶ δὲ τῇ ἑκάστου ψυχῇ ξενικά σφισι διδόασιν εἶναι δικαστήρια, ὅσα δὲ ἄλλα ἐγκλήματα, λαμβάνειν τε αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἀχαϊκῷ ὑπέχειν τὰς κρίσεις.
The sentence has coordinated finite clauses; ὅσων ... κατέγνωστο ἀδικεῖν is a genitive absolute-like relative construction, while διδόασιν εἶναι governs an infinitival predication and the final λαμβάνειν ... ὑπέχειν are coordinated infinitives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 κατάγουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 8 κατάγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τούς | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐκβληθέντας | det | high | |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 8 κατάγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἐκβληθέντας | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | V-PAAP-AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 κατάγουσιν | obj | high | Substantivized participle. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R- | _ | 7 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | |
| 7 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐκβληθέντας | obl:agent | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 8 | κατάγουσιν | κατάγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 10 Σπάρτην | case | high | |
| 10 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 κατάγουσιν | obl | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 16 κατέγνωστο | cc | high | Coordinates the second relative construction. |
| 12 | ὅσων | ὅσος | PRON | P-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἀπελθόντων | det | medium | Genitive in the relative construction. |
| 13 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | R- | _ | 14 κρίσεως | case | high | |
| 14 | κρίσεως | κρίσις | NOUN | N-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀπελθόντων | obl | high | |
| 15 | ἀπελθόντων | ἀπέρχομαι | VERB | V-PAAP-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 κατέγνωστο | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute-like participle; subject supplied by ὅσων. |
| 16 | κατέγνωστο | καταγιγνώσκω | VERB | V-LMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 8 κατάγουσιν | conj | medium | Impersonal/passive-like perfect form; governs ἀδικεῖν. |
| 17 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R- | _ | 19 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 κατέγνωστο | obl:agent | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 20 | ἀδικεῖν | ἀδικέω | VERB | V-PAN- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 κατέγνωστο | xcomp | high | |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 κατέγνωστο | punct | high | |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 27 ἔλυσαν | cc | high | |
| 23 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 τιμήματα | det | high | |
| 24 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 25 τούτοις | case | high | |
| 25 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | D-DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 τιμήματα | nmod | high | |
| 26 | τιμήματα | τίμημα | NOUN | N-APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 ἔλυσαν | obj | high | |
| 27 | ἔλυσαν | λύω | VERB | V-AAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 κατάγουσιν | conj | high | |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἔλυσαν | punct | high | |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 38 ἀφιᾶσι | cc | high | |
| 30 | συντελείας | συντέλεια | NOUN | N-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 ἀφιᾶσι | obj | high | Genitive object with ἀφίημι. |
| 31 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X- | _ | 38 ἀφιᾶσι | discourse | high | |
| 32 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 ἀφιᾶσι | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀφιᾶσι. |
| 33 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 Ἀχαϊκὸν | det | high | |
| 34 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 36 Ἀχαϊκὸν | case | high | |
| 35 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 Ἀχαϊκὸν | det | high | |
| 36 | Ἀχαϊκὸν | Ἀχαϊκός | PROPN | N-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 συντελείας | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective, dependent on συντελείας. |
| 37 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D- | Polarity=Neg | 38 ἀφιᾶσι | advmod | high | |
| 38 | ἀφιᾶσι | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | New coordinated finite clause. |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 ἀφιᾶσι | punct | high | |
| 40 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R- | _ | 44 ψυχῇ | case | high | |
| 41 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 47 διδόασιν | cc | high | |
| 42 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 ψυχῇ | det | high | |
| 43 | ἑκάστου | ἕκαστος | DET | A-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 44 ψυχῇ | nmod:poss | high | |
| 44 | ψυχῇ | ψυχή | NOUN | N-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 47 διδόασιν | obl | medium | Dative with περὶ phrase; legal jurisdiction sense. |
| 45 | ξενικά | ξενικός | ADJ | A-NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 49 δικαστήρια | amod | high | |
| 46 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DP- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 47 διδόασιν | iobj | high | |
| 47 | διδόασιν | δίδωμι | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 38 ἀφιᾶσι | conj | high | |
| 48 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 47 διδόασιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive completing διδόασιν. |
| 49 | δικαστήρια | δικαστήριον | NOUN | N-NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 48 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Subject of infinitive. |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 47 διδόασιν | punct | high | |
| 51 | ὅσα | ὅσος | DET | A-APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 54 ἐγκλήματα | det | high | |
| 52 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 56 λαμβάνειν | cc | high | |
| 53 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 54 ἐγκλήματα | amod | high | |
| 54 | ἐγκλήματα | ἔγκλημα | NOUN | N-APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 56 λαμβάνειν | obj | high | Resumed object/topic for final infinitives. |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 56 λαμβάνειν | punct | high | |
| 56 | λαμβάνειν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-PAN- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 47 διδόασιν | xcomp | high | Coordinated infinitive, with ἐγκλήματα as object. |
| 57 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 63 ὑπέχειν | cc | high | Coordinates the two final infinitives. |
| 58 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 63 ὑπέχειν | obj | medium | Accusative object/subject-like participant of ὑπέχειν. |
| 59 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 63 ὑπέχειν | cc | high | |
| 60 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 62 Ἀχαϊκῷ | case | high | |
| 61 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 62 Ἀχαϊκῷ | det | high | |
| 62 | Ἀχαϊκῷ | Ἀχαϊκός | PROPN | N-DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 63 ὑπέχειν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: the Achaean league. |
| 63 | ὑπέχειν | ὑπέχω | VERB | V-PAN- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 56 λαμβάνειν | conj | high | Coordinates with λαμβάνειν. |
| 64 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 65 κρίσεις | det | high | |
| 65 | κρίσεις | κρίσις | NOUN | N-APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 63 ὑπέχειν | obj | high | |
| 66 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 ἀφιᾶσι | punct | high |
ἐτειχίσθη δὲ καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς αὖθις Σπαρτιάταις ὁ κύκλος τοῦ ἄστεως.
Passive ἐτειχίσθη has the city-wall circuit as subject; Σπαρτιάταις is a dative of agent/association, while ἐξ ἀρχῆς αὖθις modifies the renewed fortification. The exact nuance of the dative is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐτειχίσθη | τειχίζω | VERB | V-3-SAI-P | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist passive, ‘was walled/fortified’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐτειχίσθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐτειχίσθη | cc | high | Coordinating/additive particle. |
| 4 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 5 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐτειχίσθη | obl | high | Temporal source expression, ‘from the beginning’. |
| 6 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐτειχίσθη | advmod | high | ‘Again/anew’. |
| 7 | Σπαρτιάταις | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐτειχίσθη | obl:agent | medium | Dative associated with the passive; interpreted as agent or responsible party. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 κύκλος | det | high | Article modifying κύκλος. |
| 9 | κύκλος | κύκλος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐτειχίσθη | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of the passive verb, ‘the circuit’. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἄστεως | det | high | Article modifying ἄστεως. |
| 11 | ἄστεως | ἄστυ | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 κύκλος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on κύκλος, ‘of the city’. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐτειχίσθη | punct | high |