Grammar parses for passage 7.9.6
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ οἱ κατελθόντες, βουλεύοντες παντοῖα ἐπὶ Ἀχαιοῖς, λυπήσειν σφᾶς ἐπὶ τοιῷδε μάλιστα ἤλπιζον.
The nominative plural οἱ κατελθόντες is the subject of ἤλπιζον; λυπήσειν is an accusative-and-infinitive complement, with σφᾶς as its subject and ἐπὶ τοιῷδε as the circumstance motivating the hoped-for distress. παντοῖα is neuter plural accusative, substantivized with βουλεύοντες.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 κατελθόντες | nmod | high | Genitive plural identifying the returning men. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 16 ἤλπιζον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 κατελθόντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 4 | κατελθόντες | κατέρχομαι | VERB | VAAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἤλπιζον | nsubj | high | Aorist participle, subject of ἤλπιζον. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 κατελθόντες | punct | high | |
| 6 | βουλεύοντες | βουλεύω | VERB | VPPP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 κατελθόντες | advcl | high | Circumstantial present participle. |
| 7 | παντοῖα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 βουλεύοντες | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘all sorts of things/plans’. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 9 Ἀχαιοῖς | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 9 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 βουλεύοντες | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 βουλεύοντες | punct | high | |
| 11 | λυπήσειν | λυπέω | VERB | VFAI | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 ἤλπιζον | xcomp | high | Future active infinitive in reported-content construction. |
| 12 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 λυπήσειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 14 τοιῷδε | case | high | Preposition governing τοιῷδε. |
| 14 | τοιῷδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 11 λυπήσειν | obl | high | Neuter dative demonstrative, substantivized; refers to the circumstance/reason. |
| 15 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | Degree=Sup | 11 λυπήσειν | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying the infinitive. |
| 16 | ἤλπιζον | ἐλπίζω | VERB | VIAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἤλπιζον | punct | high |
Μεσσηνίους τοὺς Φιλοποίμενι θανάτου συναιτίους γενέσθαι νομισθέντας καὶ κατὰ τὴν αἰτίαν ταύτην ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν ἐκπεπτωκότας, τούτους τε καὶ Ἀχαιῶν αὐτῶν τοὺς φεύγοντας ἀναβῆναι πείθουσιν ἐς Ῥώμην·
Accusative Μεσσηνίους τοὺς ... γενέσθαι ... ἐκπεπτωκότας is the object-plus-infinitive complement of πείθουσιν; τούτους resumes Μεσσηνίους, while τοὺς φεύγοντας is a coordinated accusative group (Achaeans in exile).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 πείθουσιν | obj | high | Accusative subject/object of the persuasive infinitive construction; substantivized ethnic name. |
| 2 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | |
| 3 | Φιλοποίμενι | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 συναιτίους | obl | high | Dative with συναιτίους: jointly responsible in relation to Philopoemen. |
| 4 | θανάτου | θάνατος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 συναιτίους | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on συναιτίους, denoting responsibility for death. |
| 5 | συναιτίους | συναιτιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with γενέσθαι. |
| 6 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 7 νομισθέντας | xcomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive, complement of νομισθέντας. |
| 7 | νομισθέντας | νομίζω | VERB | V-APPAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 ἐκπεπτωκότας | acl | high | Accusative masculine plural participle agreeing with Μεσσηνίους; passive, 'having been considered'. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 7 νομισθέντας | cc | high | Coordinates the participial descriptions. |
| 9 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R- | _ | 11 αἰτίαν | case | high | |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 αἰτίαν | det | high | |
| 11 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐκπεπτωκότας | obl | high | κατά with accusative: on account of this charge/cause. |
| 12 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 αἰτίαν | det | high | Demonstrative determiner agreeing with αἰτίαν. |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R- | _ | 14 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | |
| 14 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐκπεπτωκότας | obl:agent | high | Agent of passive ἐκπεπτωκότας. |
| 15 | ἐκπεπτωκότας | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V-RAPAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 πείθουσιν | xcomp | high | Perfect active participle agreeing with Μεσσηνίους; second predicate in the accusative construction. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 πείθουσιν | punct | high | |
| 17 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἀναβῆναι | obj | high | Resumptive accusative pronoun referring to the Messenians. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 17 τούτους | cc | high | First member of τε καί coordination. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 20 Ἀχαιῶν | cc | high | Coordinates the Achaeans with τούτους. |
| 20 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 τοὺς | nmod:poss | high | Partitive/possessive genitive: some of the Achaeans themselves. |
| 21 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 Ἀχαιῶν | amod | high | Intensive modifier, 'the Achaeans themselves'. |
| 22 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 φεύγοντας | det | high | Article substantivizing φεύγοντας. |
| 23 | φεύγοντας | φεύγω | VERB | V-PAPAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἀναβῆναι | obj | high | Substantive participle, coordinated accusative object: those in exile. |
| 24 | ἀναβῆναι | ἀναβαίνω | VERB | V-2AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 25 πείθουσιν | xcomp | high | Aorist active infinitive, complement of πείθουσιν. |
| 25 | πείθουσιν | πείθω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb: they persuade. |
| 26 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 27 Ῥώμην | case | high | |
| 27 | Ῥώμην | Ῥώμη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἀναβῆναι | obl | high | Goal of ἀναβῆναι. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 πείθουσιν | punct | high |
ἅτε δὲ τοῦ Ἀππίου Λακεδαιμονίοις συμπροθυμουμένου μεγάλως, Ἀχαιοῖς δὲ ἐπὶ παντὶ ἀντιβαίνοντος, ἔμελλεν οὐ χαλεπῶς Μεσσηνίων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν τοῖς φεύγουσι τὰ βουλεύματα ἐς δέον χωρήσειν·
Genitive absolute with ἅτε: Appius is construed as favoring the Lacedaemonians and opposing the Achaeans; the main clause has impersonal ἔμελλεν with infinitive χωρήσειν, while τοῖς φεύγουσι is dative of those in exile and τὰ βουλεύματα is the infinitive's subject-like accusative. The attachment of μεγάλως is adverbial to συμπροθυμουμένου; ἐς δέον means 'to the appropriate result/time'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | C | PronType=Rel | 6 συμπροθυμουμένου | mark | high | Causal/characterizing marker introducing the genitive absolute. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 Ἀχαιοῖς | cc | high | Adversative connective contrasting the two participial clauses. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἀππίου | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀππίου | Ἄππιος | PROPN | NP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 συμπροθυμουμένου | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive-absolute participle. |
| 5 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | NP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 συμπροθυμουμένου | iobj | medium | Dative complement of συμπροθυμουμένου, likely 'being zealous with/for the Lacedaemonians'. |
| 6 | συμπροθυμουμένου | συμπροθυμέομαι | VERB | V-PMP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 ἔμελλεν | advcl | high | First coordinated participle of the genitive absolute. |
| 7 | μεγάλως | μεγάλως | ADV | D | _ | 6 συμπροθυμουμένου | advmod | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 συμπροθυμουμένου | punct | high | |
| 9 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | NP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀντιβαίνοντος | iobj | medium | Dative complement of ἀντιβαίνοντος, 'opposing the Achaeans'. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 ἀντιβαίνοντος | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 12 παντὶ | case | high | Preposition governing παντί. |
| 12 | παντὶ | πᾶς | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀντιβαίνοντος | obl | medium | Fixed/prepositional phrase ἐπὶ παντί, idiomatically 'in every respect/on every occasion'. |
| 13 | ἀντιβαίνοντος | ἀντιβαίνω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 συμπροθυμουμένου | conj | high | Coordinated second participle in the genitive absolute; subject is shared Appius. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀντιβαίνοντος | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/main verb, 'it was going to be the case'. |
| 16 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 17 χαλεπῶς | advmod | high | Negates χαλεπῶς. |
| 17 | χαλεπῶς | χαλεπῶς | ADV | D | _ | 15 ἔμελλεν | advmod | high | Adverbial predicate modifier: 'not with difficulty'. |
| 18 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | NP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 βουλεύματα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on βουλεύματα, probably 'the counsels/plans of the Messenians'. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 20 Ἀχαιῶν | cc | high | |
| 20 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | NP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 βουλεύματα | conj | high | Coordinated genitive dependent on βουλεύματα. |
| 21 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 φεύγουσι | det | high | |
| 22 | φεύγουσι | φεύγω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 χωρήσειν | obl | medium | Substantival dative participle, 'those in exile'; semantic role is recipient/beneficiary. |
| 23 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 βουλεύματα | det | high | |
| 24 | βουλεύματα | βούλευμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 χωρήσειν | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the complementary infinitive χωρήσειν; genitives specify whose plans. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 26 δέον | case | high | Preposition governing the substantivized participle δέον. |
| 26 | δέον | δέω | VERB | V-PAP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 χωρήσειν | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter participle in the idiom ἐς δέον, 'to what is fitting/in due course'. |
| 27 | χωρήσειν | χωρέω | VERB | V-FAI-AN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive governed by ἔμελλεν. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔμελλεν | punct | high |
γράμματά τε αὐτίκα ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς ἔς τε Ἀθήνας κατεπέμπετο καὶ ἐς Αἰτωλίαν κατάγειν σφᾶς Μεσσηνίους καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς ἐπὶ τὰ οἰκεῖα.
The passive κατεπέμπετο has γράμματά as subject and ὑπό + genitive agent; the infinitive κατάγειν is governed by the letter-writing/sending context and takes σφᾶς Μεσσηνίους καὶ Ἀχαιούς as its accusative subject/object, with ἐπὶ τὰ οἰκεῖα indicating return to their own homes. The syntax of the infinitive attachment is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γράμματά | γράμμα | NOUN | Nb-an | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 κατεπέμπετο | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 1 γράμματά | cc | high | Correlates with the later τε. |
| 3 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | D- | _ | 10 κατεπέμπετο | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R- | _ | 6 βουλῆς | case | high | |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Sgfsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 βουλῆς | det | high | |
| 6 | βουλῆς | βουλή | NOUN | Ncfsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κατεπέμπετο | obl:agent | high | |
| 7 | ἔς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 9 Ἀθήνας | case | high | Variant spelling of εἰς. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 9 Ἀθήνας | cc | high | Coordinates the destinations Ἀθήνας and Αἰτωλίαν. |
| 9 | Ἀθήνας | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | Npafp | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 κατεπέμπετο | obl | high | |
| 10 | κατεπέμπετο | καταπέμπω | VERB | V3siie | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 14 κατάγειν | cc | high | Coordinates the two destination phrases. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 13 Αἰτωλίαν | case | high | Variant spelling of εἰς. |
| 13 | Αἰτωλίαν | Αἰτωλία | PROPN | Npa-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κατεπέμπετο | obl | high | |
| 14 | κατάγειν | κατάγω | VERB | V--pna | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 κατεπέμπετο | xcomp | medium | Elliptically dependent on the sending/writing construction. |
| 15 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3apma | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 14 κατάγειν | obj | medium | Accusative plural subject/object of the infinitive; reflexive form is contextually bound. |
| 16 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A-pam-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 σφᾶς | amod | high | Ethnic adjective identifying σφᾶς. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 18 Ἀχαιοὺς | cc | high | |
| 18 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Npamp | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 κατάγειν | obj | medium | Coordinated with Μεσσηνίους; understood as a second accusative complement of κατάγειν. |
| 19 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 21 οἰκεῖα | case | high | With accusative, denotes destination. |
| 20 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Sna-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 οἰκεῖα | det | high | |
| 21 | οἰκεῖα | οἰκεῖος | ADJ | A-nap-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 κατάγειν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, 'their own [things/homes].' |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κατεπέμπετο | punct | high |