Grammar parses for passage 7.9.7
Open translation for this passage
τοῦτο Ἀχαιοὺς ἐς τὰ μάλιστα ἠνίασεν, ὡς οὔτε ἄλλως πάσχοντας δίκαια ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων καὶ ἐς τὸ ἀνωφελὲς προϋπηργμένων σφίσιν ἐς αὐτούς, οἳ ἐπὶ τὰ Φιλίππου καὶ Αἰτωλῶν ἐναντία καὶ αὖθις Ἀντιόχου στρατεύσαντες χάριτι τῇ ἐς Ῥωμαίους ἐγίνοντο ὕστεροι φυγάδων ἀνθρώπων καὶ οὐ καθαρῶν χεῖρας·
Infinitival/participial explanatory clause after ἠνίασεν: ὡς introduces the content, with πάσχοντας and προϋπηργμένων coordinated predicates whose understood subject is Achaeans; οἳ resumes σφίσιν/Ἀχαιούς and ἐγίνοντο takes ὕστεροι as predicate nominative. Some attachment of ἐς αὐτούς and the participles is syntactically uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-sna | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 ἠνίασεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Ne-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 6 ἠνίασεν | obj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 4 τὰ | case | high | |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S---na-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 μάλιστα | det | high | |
| 5 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 6 ἠνίασεν | advmod | high | Superlative adverbial phrase ἐς τὰ μάλιστα. |
| 6 | ἠνίασεν | ἀνιάω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἠνίασεν | punct | high | |
| 8 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 πάσχοντας | mark | medium | Introduces explanatory content; possibly construed with the participial clause. |
| 9 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 πάσχοντας | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 πάσχοντας | advmod | high | |
| 11 | πάσχοντας | πάσχω | VERB | V-PAPAMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἠνίασεν | advcl | medium | Accusative participle, probably predicated of Ἀχαιούς. |
| 12 | δίκαια | δίκαιος | ADJ | A--NA-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 πάσχοντας | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘justly/deserved things’; alternatively adverbial. |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R- | _ | 14 Ῥωμαίων | case | high | |
| 14 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 11 πάσχοντας | obl:agent | high | Agent of πάσχοντας. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 προϋπηργμένων | cc | medium | Coordinates the second participial predicate. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 18 ἀνωφελὲς | case | high | |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---na-s- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 ἀνωφελὲς | det | high | |
| 18 | ἀνωφελὲς | ἀνωφελής | ADJ | A--SNA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 προϋπηργμένων | obl | high | Substantivized adjective in ἐς τὸ ἀνωφελές. |
| 19 | προϋπηργμένων | προϋπαρχέω | VERB | V-PMPMG-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 ἠνίασεν | advcl | low | Form and exact construction are difficult; likely genitive participle with σφίσιν, perhaps concessive/absolute, despite intended relation to Achaeans. |
| 20 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-----md- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 19 προϋπηργμένων | obl | medium | Reflexive third-person plural dative; likely beneficiary/reference. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 22 αὐτούς | case | high | |
| 22 | αὐτούς | αὐτός | PRON | P---am-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 19 προϋπηργμένων | obl | medium | Likely ‘against them’; attachment to προϋπηργμένων is interpretive. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 οἳ | punct | high | |
| 24 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P---mn-p- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 39 ἐγίνοντο | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun resuming the Achaeans. |
| 25 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 26 τὰ | case | high | |
| 26 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S---na-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 30 ἐναντία | det | high | |
| 27 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Proper=Yes | 26 τὰ | nmod | high | |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 29 Αἰτωλῶν | cc | high | |
| 29 | Αἰτωλῶν | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | Ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 26 τὰ | conj | high | Ethnic name, coordinated genitive. |
| 30 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A--NNA-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 στρατεύσαντες | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘against/opposed to the interests of’. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 34 στρατεύσαντες | cc | high | |
| 32 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 34 στρατεύσαντες | advmod | high | |
| 33 | Ἀντιόχου | Ἀντίοχος | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Proper=Yes | 34 στρατεύσαντες | nmod | high | |
| 34 | στρατεύσαντες | στρατεύω | VERB | V-PAPNMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 39 ἐγίνοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with subject οἳ. |
| 35 | χάριτι | χάρις | NOUN | N--SDF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ἐγίνοντο | obl | high | Dative of cause/means. |
| 36 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S---df-s- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 35 χάριτι | det | high | |
| 37 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 38 Ῥωμαίους | case | high | |
| 38 | Ῥωμαίους | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | Ne-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 35 χάριτι | nmod | high | Complement of χάρις: favor toward the Romans. |
| 39 | ἐγίνοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3PIIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 6 ἠνίασεν | ccomp | high | |
| 40 | ὕστεροι | ὕστερος | ADJ | A--PNM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 ἐγίνοντο | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective/nominative complement of ἐγίνοντο. |
| 41 | φυγάδων | φυγάς | NOUN | N--PMG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 ὕστεροι | nmod | high | Partitive genitive. |
| 42 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N--PMG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 41 φυγάδων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φυγάδων. |
| 43 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 45 καθαρῶν | cc | high | |
| 44 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | T-------- | Polarity=Neg | 45 καθαρῶν | advmod | high | |
| 45 | καθαρῶν | καθαρός | ADJ | A--PMG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 ὕστεροι | conj | high | Coordinated genitive complement: ‘not clean’. |
| 46 | χεῖρας | χείρ | NOUN | N--PMA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 45 καθαρῶν | obj | medium | Accusative of respect with καθαρῶν, ‘clean in hands’; idiomatically ‘not clean-handed.’ |
| 47 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἠνίασεν | punct | high |
ὅμως δὲ εἴκειν σφίσιν ἐδόκει.
Impersonal ἐδόκει governs the complementary infinitive εἴκειν, with σφίσιν as the dative plural pronoun referring to the persons to whom yielding seemed appropriate; ὅμως δὲ are discourse connectors.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | D--------- | PronType=Adv | 5 ἐδόκει | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 ἐδόκει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | εἴκειν | εἴκω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 ἐδόκει | xcomp | high | Present active infinitive, complementary to impersonal ἐδόκει. |
| 4 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp3pd---- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 εἴκειν | iobj | high | Third-person plural personal pronoun; dative of the persons to whom one yields. |
| 5 | ἐδόκει | δοκέω | VERB | V3IIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal imperfect indicative. |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐδόκει | punct | high |