Grammar parses for passage 8.1.4
Open translation for this passage
φασὶ δὲ Ἀρκάδες ὡς Πελασγὸς γένοιτο ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ πρῶτος.
Indirect statement with φασί: Ἀρκάδες is the matrix subject, Πελασγός the nominative subject of γένοιτο; ὡς introduces the reported content. ταύτῃ agrees with γῇ, and πρῶτος is predicative to Πελασγός.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 φασὶ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 φασὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 φασὶ | mark | medium | Introduces the content clause; can also be analyzed as a content-clause complementizer. |
| 5 | Πελασγὸς | Πελασγός | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 γένοιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | γένοιτο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AOM-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 1 φασὶ | ccomp | high | Optative in reported assertion. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 9 γῇ | case | high | |
| 8 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 γῇ | det | high | |
| 9 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 γένοιτο | obl | high | |
| 10 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | DET | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 γῇ | amod | high | Demonstrative agreeing with γῇ. |
| 11 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-NSM-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 γένοιτο | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective, ‘first’; analyzed as secondary predicate of Πελασγός. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φασὶ | punct | high |
εἰκὸς δὲ ἔχει τοῦ λόγου καὶ ἄλλους ὁμοῦ τῷ Πελασγῷ μηδὲ αὐτὸν Πελασγὸν γενέσθαι μόνον·
The construction is impersonal εἰκός ἐστι with ἔχει understood in the sense ‘it is likely’; τοῦ λόγου is a genitive of respect/source, and Πελασγόν is a predicate accusative with γενέσθαι. The second μηδέ-clause coordinates an alternative inference: not Pelasgus alone became (the eponym), but others along with him. The exact force of ἔχει is somewhat idiomatic and confidence is reduced there.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰκὸς | εἰκός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Impersonal neuter adjective, functioning as the subject of ἔχει with εἰμί understood. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἔχει | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Idiomatic/elliptical expression with εἰκός; εἰμί may be understood, while ἔχει contributes the sense ‘is likely/has plausibility’. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 λόγου | det | high | Article agreeing with λόγου. |
| 5 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἔχει | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on the idiomatic εἰκὸς ἔχει, plausibly genitive of respect or source (‘as regards the account’). |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἄλλους | cc | high | Coordinates ἄλλους with the following understood or overtly contrasted participant. |
| 7 | ἄλλους | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 γενέσθαι | nsubj | medium | Substantivized accusative plural, subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι. |
| 8 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 14 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Adverb meaning ‘together’. |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Πελασγῷ | det | high | Article agreeing with Πελασγῷ. |
| 10 | Πελασγῷ | Πελασγός | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὁμοῦ | obl | high | Dative complement of ὁμοῦ, ‘together with Pelasgus’. |
| 11 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 γενέσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the infinitival clause with an omitted preceding infinitival counterpart. |
| 12 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive, referring to Pelasgus. |
| 13 | Πελασγὸν | Πελασγός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 γενέσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative with γενέσθαι; alternatively appositional/epexegetical to αὐτόν. |
| 14 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 3 ἔχει | ccomp | high | Infinitive clause complement to the impersonal likelihood construction. |
| 15 | μόνον | μόνος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 αὐτὸν | advmod | high | Accusative adjective used adverbially with αὐτόν, ‘alone’. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἔχει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ποίων γὰρ ἂν καὶ ἦρχεν ὁ Πελασγὸς ἀνθρώπων;
Rhetorical question: ποίων is the genitive object/complement of ἦρχεν (‘ruled over what sort of people?’); ἄν with the imperfect marks potential/conditional force. Πελασγός is the subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ποίων | ποῖος | ADJ | A-????GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀνθρώπων | amod | medium | Interrogative/relative-quality adjective agreeing substantivally with ἀνθρώπων; genitive plural masculine. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G--------- | _ | 5 ἦρχεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | D--------- | _ | 5 ἦρχεν | aux | high | Modal particle with imperfect indicative, giving potential/conditional force. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 ἦρχεν | advmod | medium | Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’; scope is the verbal predicate. |
| 5 | ἦρχεν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-IAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect active indicative, third singular; here ‘ruled over’ with genitive. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---NMS | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Πελασγὸς | det | high | Definite article. |
| 7 | Πελασγὸς | Πελασγός | PROPN | N---NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἦρχεν | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject, nominative singular. |
| 8 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἦρχεν | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἄρχω, ‘rule over people’; ποίων is its attributive interrogative modifier. |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦρχεν | punct | high | Question mark punctuation. |