Grammar parses for passage 8.1.5
Open translation for this passage
Πελασγὸς δὲ βασιλεύσας τοῦτο μὲν ποιήσασθαι καλύβας ἐπενόησεν, ὡς μὴ ῥιγοῦν τε καὶ ὕεσθαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μηδὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ καύματος ταλαιπωρεῖν·
The purpose clause after ὡς contains coordinated infinitives with an accusative subject: τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ῥιγοῦν, ὕεσθαι, and μηδὲ ... ταλαιπωρεῖν; τοῦτο μέν is the first, somewhat elliptical member of a μέν...δέ construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πελασγὸς | Πελασγός | PROPN | N-----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπενόησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 8 ἐπενόησεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | βασιλεύσας | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-AAP-NMS- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἐπενόησεν | advcl | high | |
| 4 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | A----ANS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ποιήσασθαι | obj | medium | Correlative τοῦτο μέν introduces the first member of a μέν...δέ contrast; semantic role is somewhat elliptical. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 4 τοῦτο | discourse | high | |
| 6 | ποιήσασθαι | ποιέω | VERB | V-ANM--- | Aspect=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 8 ἐπενόησεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to ἐπενόησεν. |
| 7 | καλύβας | καλύβη | NOUN | N----APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ποιήσασθαι | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἐπενόησεν | ἐπινοέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐπενόησεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | -------- | _ | 12 ῥιγοῦν | mark | high | Introduces a purpose clause. |
| 11 | μὴ | μή | PART | -------- | _ | 12 ῥιγοῦν | advmod | high | |
| 12 | ῥιγοῦν | ῥιγέω | VERB | V-PAN--- | Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 ἐπενόησεν | advcl | medium | Infinitive in purpose construction, coordinated with ὕεσθαι and sharing τοὺς ἀνθρώπους as accusative subject. |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 12 ῥιγοῦν | cc | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 15 ὕεσθαι | cc | high | |
| 15 | ὕεσθαι | ὕω | VERB | V-PMN--- | Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 12 ῥιγοῦν | conj | medium | Weather-related passive/intransitive infinitive; coordinated with ῥιγοῦν. |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀνθρώπους | det | high | |
| 17 | ἀνθρώπους | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ῥιγοῦν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the complementary infinitives. |
| 18 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 22 ταλαιπωρεῖν | cc | high | |
| 19 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R------GA- | _ | 21 καύματος | case | high | Governs the genitive καύματος. |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GNS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 καύματος | det | high | |
| 21 | καύματος | καῦμα | NOUN | N----GNS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ταλαιπωρεῖν | obl | high | |
| 22 | ταλαιπωρεῖν | ταλαιπωρέω | VERB | V-PAN--- | Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ῥιγοῦν | conj | high | Third coordinated infinitive under the purpose construction; μηδέ negates and coordinates this member. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐπενόησεν | punct | high |
τοῦτο δὲ τοὺς χιτῶνας τοὺς ἐκ τῶν δερμάτων τῶν οἰῶν, οἷς καὶ νῦν περί τε Εὔβοιαν ἔτι χρῶνται καὶ ἐν τῇ Φωκίδι ὁπόσοι βίου σπανίζουσιν, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἐξευρών.
τοῦτο is the fronted demonstrative object of ἐξευρών, with τοὺς χιτῶνας as appositional specification; οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἐξευρών is the identifying clause. οἷς is dative plural referring to the tunics, while ὁπόσοι is the subject of σπανίζουσιν and substantively means ‘as many as’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd----na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 31 ἐξευρών | obj | high | Fronted demonstrative object of ἐξευρών. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 31 ἐξευρών | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 χιτῶνας | det | high | |
| 4 | χιτῶνας | χιτών | NOUN | N---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 ἐξευρών | appos | medium | Accusative specification/apposition to τοῦτο. |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 χιτῶνας | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 8 δερμάτων | case | high | |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 δερμάτων | det | high | |
| 8 | δερμάτων | δέρμα | NOUN | N---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 χιτῶνας | nmod | high | Object of ἐκ. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P---gf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 οἰῶν | det | high | |
| 10 | οἰῶν | οἶς | NOUN | N---gf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 δερμάτων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δερμάτων. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 χιτῶνας | punct | high | |
| 12 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | Pr---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 19 χρῶνται | obl | medium | Relative dative referring to χιτῶνας, likely instrument/means with χρῶνται. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 19 χρῶνται | cc | high | |
| 14 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | D--------- | AdvType=Tim | 19 χρῶνται | advmod | high | |
| 15 | περί | περί | ADP | R--------- | _ | 17 Εὔβοιαν | case | high | |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 19 χρῶνται | cc | high | Correlative/postpositive conjunction with καί. |
| 17 | Εὔβοιαν | Εὔβοια | PROPN | Ne-s---af- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 χρῶνται | obl | high | Object of περί. |
| 18 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D--------- | _ | 19 χρῶνται | advmod | high | |
| 19 | χρῶνται | χράω | VERB | V3PIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 31 ἐξευρών | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 26 σπανίζουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the two relative-clause predicates. |
| 21 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 23 Φωκίδι | case | high | |
| 22 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | P---df- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 Φωκίδι | det | high | |
| 23 | Φωκίδι | Φωκίς | PROPN | Ne-s---df- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 σπανίζουσιν | obl | high | Locative complement of σπανίζουσιν. |
| 24 | ὁπόσοι | ὁπόσος | PRON | Pr---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 26 σπανίζουσιν | nsubj | high | Substantive relative quantifier, ‘as many as’. |
| 25 | βίου | βίος | NOUN | N---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 σπανίζουσιν | obj | medium | Genitive object of σπανίζω, ‘lack/be short of life’s means’. |
| 26 | σπανίζουσιν | σπανίζω | VERB | V3PIS--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 χρῶνται | conj | high | Coordinated predicate in the relative clause. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἐξευρών | punct | high | |
| 28 | οὗτός | οὗτος | PRON | Pd----mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 29 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 29 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 30 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 ἐξευρών | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 31 | ἐξευρών | ἐξευρίσκω | VERB | V---sapm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 29 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Substantivized aorist participle, predicate nominative with ἐστιν. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐστιν | punct | high |
καὶ δὴ καὶ τῶν φύλλων τὰ ἔτι χλωρὰ καὶ πόας τε καὶ ῥίζας οὐδὲ ἐδωδίμους, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὀλεθρίους ἐνίας σιτουμένους τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τούτων μὲν ἔπαυσεν ὁ Πελασγός·
The participle σιτουμένους with accusative subject τοὺς ἀνθρώπους is subordinate to ἔπαυσεν; the coordinated plant/food accusatives are analyzed as the objects involved in their eating, with τούτων μὲν as a genitive reference phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 ἔπαυσεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 26 ἔπαυσεν | advmod | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 ἔπαυσεν | cc | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 φύλλων | det | high | |
| 5 | φύλλων | φύλλον | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἔπαυσεν | obl | medium | Genitive partitive/source with the following neuter objects. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 χλωρὰ | det | high | |
| 7 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 8 χλωρὰ | advmod | high | |
| 8 | χλωρὰ | χλωρός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 σιτουμένους | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, coordinated with πόας and ῥίζας. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 πόας | cc | high | |
| 10 | πόας | πόα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 σιτουμένους | obj | high | |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 12 καὶ | cc | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ῥίζας | cc | high | |
| 13 | ῥίζας | ῥίζα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 σιτουμένους | obj | high | |
| 14 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 ἐδωδίμους | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἐδωδίμους | ἐδώδιμος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 πόας | amod | medium | Predicate-like adjective coordinated with ὀλεθρίους; agreement targets the feminine plant nouns. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 σιτουμένους | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 ὀλεθρίους | cc | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 ὀλεθρίους | cc | high | |
| 19 | ὀλεθρίους | ὀλέθριος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 σιτουμένους | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, contrasting with οὐδὲ ἐδωδίμους. |
| 20 | ἐνίας | ἔνιος | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ὀλεθρίους | det | high | |
| 21 | σιτουμένους | σιτέομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 26 ἔπαυσεν | advcl | medium | Accusative participle with τοὺς ἀνθρώπους; describes their eating. |
| 22 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἀνθρώπους | det | high | |
| 23 | ἀνθρώπους | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 σιτουμένους | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the participial clause. |
| 24 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἔπαυσεν | obl | medium | Genitive demonstrative referring to the foods/plants just mentioned. |
| 25 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 24 τούτων | discourse | high | Correlative μὲν, with the contrast supplied by context. |
| 26 | ἔπαυσεν | παύω | VERB | _ | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 27 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 Πελασγός | det | high | |
| 28 | Πελασγός | Πελασγός | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἔπαυσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἔπαυσεν | punct | high |