Grammar parses for passage 8.10.6
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ πᾶν τὸ ἄλλο Ἀρκαδικὸν ἐτάσσοντο, ἄρχοντες δὲ κατὰ πόλεις τε ἦσαν καὶ Μεγαλοπολιτῶν Λυδιάδης καὶ Λεωκύδης·
The first clause has an understood plural subject (the Arcadians) with ἐτάσσοντο, likely middle/passive ‘were stationed’ under τῷ εὐωνύμῳ. The second clause coordinates ἄρχοντες ... ἦσαν, with κατὰ πόλεις adverbial and the two names appositional to Μεγαλοπολιτῶν (or identifying their leaders); the exact attachment of Μεγαλοπολιτῶν is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | Case=Dat | 4 εὐωνύμῳ | case | high | Takes the dative phrase τῷ εὐωνύμῳ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐτάσσοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 εὐωνύμῳ | det | high | |
| 4 | εὐωνύμῳ | εὐώνυμος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐτάσσοντο | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the left wing/side’. |
| 5 | πᾶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀρκαδικὸν | amod | high | Agrees with τὸ ἄλλο Ἀρκαδικόν as a substantival neuter phrase. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἄλλο | det | high | |
| 7 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀρκαδικὸν | amod | high | Adjectival modifier in the substantival phrase. |
| 8 | Ἀρκαδικὸν | Ἀρκαδικός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐτάσσοντο | nsubj | medium | Substantivized ‘the rest of Arcadia/Arcadian territory’; semantic subject of the middle/passive verb. |
| 9 | ἐτάσσοντο | τάσσω | VERB | V-IPI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form is 3rd plural imperfect middle/passive; plural subject is understood or may reflect a collective/territorial subject. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 9 ἐτάσσοντο | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἄρχοντες | ἄρχων | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦσαν; ‘being commanders/rulers’. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἦσαν | cc | high | Connective introducing the second clause. |
| 13 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 14 πόλεις | case | high | With accusative πόλεις, ‘by cities’. |
| 14 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ἦσαν | obl | high | Adverbial distribution phrase. |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἦσαν | cc | high | Coordinating particle with καί at token 17. |
| 16 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 9 ἐτάσσοντο | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; copular predicate is ἄρχοντες. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἦσαν | cc | high | Correlative/coordinating particle with τε. |
| 18 | Μεγαλοπολιτῶν | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 Λυδιάδης | nmod | medium | Genitive plural ethnonym, likely ‘of the Megalopolitans’, associated with the following names. |
| 19 | Λυδιάδης | Λυδιάδης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἦσαν | conj | medium | First named commander; coordinated with Λεωκύδης and linked to ἄρχοντες. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 Λεωκύδης | cc | high | |
| 21 | Λεωκύδης | Λεωκύδης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Λυδιάδης | conj | high | Second named commander, coordinated with Λυδιάδης. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 9 ἐτάσσοντο | punct | high |
Ἀράτῳ δὲ ἐπετέτραπτο καὶ Σικυωνίοις τε καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς τὸ μέσον.
The sentence uses a passive pluperfect with μέσον as nominative subject and coordinated dative recipients: Ἀράτῳ, Σικυωνίοις, and Ἀχαιοῖς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀράτῳ | Ἄρατος | PROPN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπετέτραπτο | iobj | high | Dative of person entrusted with authority. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐπετέτραπτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπετέτραπτο | ἐπιτρέπω | VERB | V-LAI-3S | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperfect|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Pluperfect passive, impersonal construction: authority had been entrusted/delegated. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Σικυωνίοις | cc | high | Coordinates the first dative group member. |
| 5 | Σικυωνίοις | Σικυώνιος | ADJ | A--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 μέσον | obl | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, coordinated dative recipient. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Σικυωνίοις | cc | high | First member of τε...καί coordination. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 Ἀχαιοῖς | cc | high | Second coordinator in τε...καί construction. |
| 8 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | ADJ | A--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 μέσον | obl | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, coordinated dative recipient. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 μέσον | det | high | Article agreeing with μέσον. |
| 10 | μέσον | μέσος | NOUN | A--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπετέτραπτο | nsubj:pass | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, the thing entrusted; nominative subject of passive verb. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐπετέτραπτο | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ καὶ Ἆγις ἐπεξέτειναν τὴν φάλαγγα, ὡς τῶν ἐναντίων τῷ στρατεύματι ἀντιπαρήκοιεν·
The ὡς clause is attached adverbially to ἐπεξέτειναν; ἐναντίων is a substantivized genitive plural functioning as the subordinate subject, with τῷ στρατεύματι as its dative complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | NOUN | ----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπεξέτειναν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 5 ἐπεξέτειναν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 4 Ἆγις | cc | high | Coordinates Ἆγις with Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 4 | Ἆγις | Ἆγις | PROPN | ----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπεξέτειναν | conj | high | |
| 5 | ἐπεξέτειναν | ἐπεκτείνω | VERB | V3PAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | ----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 φάλαγγα | det | high | |
| 7 | φάλαγγα | φάλαγξ | NOUN | ----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπεξέτειναν | obj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπεξέτειναν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | -------- | _ | 14 ἀντιπαρήκοιεν | mark | medium | Introduces a purpose/result-like subordinate clause; exact force is context-sensitive. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | ----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐναντίων | det | high | |
| 11 | ἐναντίων | ἐναντίος | ADJ | ----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀντιπαρήκοιεν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized adjective, likely genitive subject with ἀντιπαρήκοιεν. |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | ----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 στρατεύματι | det | high | |
| 13 | στρατεύματι | στράτευμα | NOUN | ----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἀντιπαρήκοιεν | obl | high | Dative with ἀντιπαρέρχομαι: opposed to / alongside the army. |
| 14 | ἀντιπαρήκοιεν | ἀντιπαρέρχομαι | VERB | V3PPOI--- | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐπεξέτειναν | advcl | medium | Optative in a ὡς clause; deponent/active morphology is lexically variable in parsing. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπεξέτειναν | punct | high |
τὸ μέσον δὲ Ἆγις καὶ οἱ περὶ τὸν βασιλέα εἶχον.
The neuter article and adjective τὸ μέσον are substantivized as the object of εἶχον (‘held the middle/central position’); Ἆγις and οἱ περὶ τὸν βασιλέα form the coordinated subject. The imperfect εἶχον is morphologically ambiguous between 3rd plural and 1st singular, but the coordinated plural subject requires 3rd plural.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 μέσον | det | high | |
| 2 | μέσον | μέσος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 εἶχον | obj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective: ‘the middle/central position’. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 εἶχον | cc | high | |
| 4 | Ἆγις | Ἆγις | PROPN | Nbmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 εἶχον | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Ἆγις | cc | high | Coordinates the two subject constituents. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 περὶ | det | high | Article substantivizing the following περὶ phrase. |
| 7 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 βασιλέα | case | high | |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 βασιλέα | det | high | |
| 9 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἆγις | conj | medium | The article + περὶ phrase is a substantivized coordinated subject: ‘those around the king’; attachment of the coordination to Ἆγις is syntactic analysis. |
| 10 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Form is also syncretic with 1st singular, but coordinated plural subject requires 3rd plural. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 εἶχον | punct | high |