Grammar parses for passage 8.10.7
Open translation for this passage
Ἄρατος δὲ ἀπὸ συγκειμένου πρὸς τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ὑπέφευγεν αὐτός τε καὶ ὁ σὺν αὐτῷ στρατὸς οἷα δὴ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων σφίσιν ἐγκειμένων·
The syntax contains an elliptical genitive after ἀπό and a genitive absolute (οἷα δὴ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων σφίσιν ἐγκειμένων), describing the circumstances of Aratus's retreat.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄρατος | Ἄρατος | PROPN | Ne;Nom;Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὑπέφευγεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G | _ | 8 ὑπέφευγεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 4 συγκειμένου | case | high | |
| 4 | συγκειμένου | σύγκειμαι | VERB | V;Perf;MP;Part;Gen;Sg;Ne | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Participle|Voice=Mid | 8 ὑπέφευγεν | obl | medium | Substantivized/neuter genitive participle after ἀπό; exact understood noun is elliptical. |
| 5 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 7 Ἀρκάδας | case | high | |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art;Acc;Pl;Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Ἀρκάδας | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N;Acc;Pl;Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 συγκειμένου | obl | high | Object of the implied/elliptical relation in συγκειμένου. |
| 8 | ὑπέφευγεν | ὑποφεύγω | VERB | V;Imp;Act;Ind;3;Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | P;Nom;Sg;Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 8 ὑπέφευγεν | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject with στρατός. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G | _ | 9 αὐτός | cc | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G | _ | 9 αὐτός | cc | high | Coordinates αὐτός and ὁ ... στρατός. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art;Nom;Sg;Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 στρατὸς | det | high | |
| 13 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | P | _ | 14 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 14 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P;Dat;Sg;Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 15 στρατὸς | obl | high | Dative complement of σύν. |
| 15 | στρατὸς | στρατός | NOUN | N;Nom;Sg;Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὑπέφευγεν | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 16 | οἷα | οἷος | ADV | Adv | _ | 21 ἐγκειμένων | advmod | medium | Concessive/causal particle-like adverbial use introducing the circumstantial participial clause. |
| 17 | δὴ | δή | PART | G | _ | 16 οἷα | advmod | high | |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art;Gen;Pl;Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 19 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A;Gen;Pl;Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐγκειμένων | obl | high | Genitive dependent on ἐγκειμένων. |
| 20 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P;Dat;Pl;Masc | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ἐγκειμένων | iobj | medium | Dative complement with ἐγκειμένων, likely referring to Aratus and his force. |
| 21 | ἐγκειμένων | ἔγκειμαι | VERB | V;Pres;MP;Part;Gen;Pl;Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Participle|Voice=Mid | 8 ὑπέφευγεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων; οἷα δή supplies the circumstantial/concessive force. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὑπέφευγεν | punct | high |
ὑποφεύγοντες δὲ ἅμα τὸ σύνταγμα σφῶν ἠρέμα ἐποίουν μηνοειδές.
The object σύνταγμα is also the understood subject of the resultative adjective μηνοειδές; the participle ὑποφεύγοντες is a circumstantial clause linked to the main imperfect ἐποίουν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑποφεύγοντες | ὑποφεύγω | VERB | PAPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἐποίουν | advcl | high | Present active participle, circumstantial to ἐποίουν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐποίουν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ὑποφεύγοντες | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, modifying the participial action. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 σύνταγμα | det | high | Article with nominative/accusative neuter singular σύνταγμα. |
| 5 | σύνταγμα | σύνταγμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐποίουν | obj | medium | Neuter singular object; nominative and accusative are syncretic. |
| 6 | σφῶν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP-GP | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 5 σύνταγμα | nmod:poss | high | Possessive genitive, ‘their’. |
| 7 | ἠρέμα | ἠρέμα | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 ἐποίουν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐποίουν. |
| 8 | ἐποίουν | ποιέω | VERB | VIAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect active indicative, third plural. |
| 9 | μηνοειδές | μηνοειδής | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 σύνταγμα | acl | medium | Neuter singular predicative/resultative adjective agreeing with σύνταγμα; form is syncretic with accusative. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐποίουν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ καὶ Ἆγις νίκην τε ἤλπιζον καὶ τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ἄρατον ἐνέκειντο ἀθρόοι μᾶλλον· ἐπηκολούθουν δέ σφισι καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν κεράτων, Ἄρατον καὶ τὴν σὺν αὐτῷ στρατιὰν τρέψασθαι μέγα ἀγώνισμα ἡγούμενοι.
The syntax has coordinated imperfect predicates ἤλπιζον, ἐνέκειντο, and ἐπηκολούθουν; the final participial clause expresses the wing troops' motivating evaluation of defeating Aratus and his army.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | NOUN | N--MPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἤλπιζον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἤλπιζον | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Ἆγις | cc | high | Coordinates Ἆγις with Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 4 | Ἆγις | Ἆγις | PROPN | Npms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἤλπιζον | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | νίκην | νίκη | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἤλπιζον | obj | high | |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 νίκην | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἤλπιζον | ἐλπίζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἐνέκειντο | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite predicate. |
| 9 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-P-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Ἄρατον | det | high | |
| 10 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ἄρατον | case | high | |
| 11 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ἄρατον | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἄρατον | Ἄρατος | PROPN | Npms | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐνέκειντο | obl | high | Article-plus-name phrase περὶ τὸν Ἄρατον. |
| 13 | ἐνέκειντο | ἐγκείμενος | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 7 ἤλπιζον | conj | medium | Form is middle/passive imperfect of ἔγκειμαι/ἐγκείμενος; parsed as coordinated finite predicate. |
| 14 | ἀθρόοι | ἀθρόος | ADJ | A--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐνέκειντο | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with subject understood as Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ Ἆγις. |
| 15 | μᾶλλον | μᾶλλον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἐνέκειντο | advmod | high | |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἤλπιζον | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἐπηκολούθουν | ἐπακολουθέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 7 ἤλπιζον | conj | high | |
| 18 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἐπηκολούθουν | cc | high | |
| 19 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P---DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 ἐπηκολούθουν | iobj | high | Dative of the persons followed. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 οἱ | cc | high | |
| 21 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐπηκολούθουν | nsubj | high | Substantival article, introducing οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν κεράτων. |
| 22 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 κεράτων | case | high | |
| 23 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 κεράτων | det | high | |
| 24 | κεράτων | κέρας | NOUN | N--PGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 οἱ | nmod | high | Substantivized phrase οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν κεράτων, troops from the wings. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐπηκολούθουν | punct | high | |
| 26 | Ἄρατον | Ἄρατος | PROPN | Npms | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 τρέψασθαι | obj | high | |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 στρατιὰν | cc | high | Coordinates the person and army objects of τρέψασθαι. |
| 28 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S-AF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 στρατιὰν | det | high | |
| 29 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 30 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 30 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-S-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 31 στρατιὰν | nmod | high | Dative complement of σὺν. |
| 31 | στρατιὰν | στρατιά | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 τρέψασθαι | obj | high | |
| 32 | τρέψασθαι | τρέπω | VERB | V-AMA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 34 ἀγώνισμα | acl | high | Articular/nominal infinitive clause specifying the ἀγώνισμα. |
| 33 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | A--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 ἀγώνισμα | amod | high | Agrees with ἀγώνισμα. |
| 34 | ἀγώνισμα | ἀγώνισμα | NOUN | N--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 ἡγούμενοι | obj | high | Object of ἡγούμενοι. |
| 35 | ἡγούμενοι | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 17 ἐπηκολούθουν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle: considering it a great contest. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐπηκολούθουν | punct | high |