Grammar parses for passage 8.10.8
Open translation for this passage
ἔλαθόν τε δὴ κατὰ νώτου γενόμενοί σφισιν οἱ Ἀρκάδες καὶ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι κυκλωθέντες τῆς τε ἄλλης στρατιᾶς τὸ πολὺ ἀποβάλλουσι καὶ βασιλεὺς ἔπεσεν Ἆγις Εὐδαμίδου.
The sentence has an initial finite verb with a delayed subject: the Arcadians and Lacedaemonians, having got behind them, are surrounded and lose most of the remaining army; βασιλεύς is the subject of a coordinated aorist clause. The relation of σφισιν is dative with γενόμενοί (or possibly a local/ethical dative); τῆς ... στρατιᾶς is a partitive genitive with τὸ πολύ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔλαθόν | λανθάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 ἀποβάλλουσι | conj | medium | Aorist finite verb, coordinated in the narrative sequence; subject is the coordinated οἱ Ἀρκάδες καὶ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 ἔλαθόν | cc | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 1 ἔλαθόν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 5 νώτου | case | high | |
| 5 | νώτου | νῶτον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 γενόμενοί | obl | medium | Genitive after κατά in the idiom κατὰ νώτου, ‘behind/in the rear’. |
| 6 | γενόμενοί | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 ἔλαθόν | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, agreeing with the plural subject. |
| 7 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPN-3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 6 γενόμενοί | iobj | medium | Dative associated with γενόμενοι; exact nuance is somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Ἀρκάδες | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἔλαθόν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 Ἀρκάδες | cc | high | |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | |
| 12 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Ἀρκάδες | conj | high | Coordinated with Ἀρκάδες. |
| 13 | κυκλωθέντες | κυκλόω | VERB | V-APP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 ἀποβάλλουσι | advcl | high | Aorist passive participle, circumstantial and agreeing with the coordinated subject. |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 στρατιᾶς | det | high | |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 ἄλλης | cc | medium | First member of the paired τε ... καί construction. |
| 16 | ἄλλης | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 στρατιᾶς | amod | high | |
| 17 | στρατιᾶς | στρατιά | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 πολὺ | nmod | high | Partitive genitive dependent on τὸ πολύ. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 πολὺ | det | high | Substantivizing article with the neuter adjective. |
| 19 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἀποβάλλουσι | obj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘the greater part/most’. |
| 20 | ἀποβάλλουσι | ἀποβάλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; present tense in vivid historical narration. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 23 ἔπεσεν | cc | high | |
| 22 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἔπεσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 23 | ἔπεσεν | πίπτω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 ἀποβάλλουσι | conj | high | Coordinated finite clause. |
| 24 | Ἆγις | Ἆγις | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 βασιλεὺς | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to βασιλεύς. |
| 25 | Εὐδαμίδου | Εὐδάμιδος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Ἆγις | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive, ‘son of Eudamidas’. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἀποβάλλουσι | punct | high |
φανῆναι δὲ καὶ τὸν Ποσειδῶνα ἀμύνοντά σφισιν ἔφασαν οἱ Μαντινεῖς, καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκα τρόπαιον ἐποιήσαντο ἀνάθημα τῷ Ποσειδῶνι.
Infinitival subject φανῆναι ... Ποσειδῶνα ἀμύνοντα is governed by ἔφασαν; σφισιν is a dative plural pronoun with ἀμύνοντα. τοῦδε ἕνεκα is a postposed causal genitive phrase. τρόπαιον is the object of ἐποιήσαντο, with ἀνάθημα as a predicative/resultative complement and τῷ Ποσειδῶνι as dative of dedication.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φανῆναι | φαίνω | VERB | V--ANM--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 8 ἔφασαν | ccomp | high | Aorist passive infinitive, subject accusative Ποσειδῶνα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἔφασαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἀμύνοντά | cc | high | Coordinates the participial modifier with the infinitival predication. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---ASM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ποσειδῶνα | det | high | |
| 5 | Ποσειδῶνα | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N--ASM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 φανῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 6 | ἀμύνοντά | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-PAPASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 Ποσειδῶνα | acl | high | Present active participle agreeing with Ποσειδῶνα. |
| 7 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---DP--- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 6 ἀμύνοντά | iobj | medium | Dative plural personal pronoun, recipient/beneficiary of ἀμύνω. |
| 8 | ἔφασαν | φημί | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S---NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 Μαντινεῖς | det | high | |
| 10 | Μαντινεῖς | Μαντινεύς | PROPN | N--NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔφασαν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name functioning as the subject of ἔφασαν. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔφασαν | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐποιήσαντο | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite clause. |
| 13 | τοῦδε | οὗτος | PRON | P---GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 14 ἕνεκα | nmod | high | Genitive demonstrative in the fixed phrase τοῦδε ἕνεκα. |
| 14 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | R--------- | Case=Gen | 16 ἐποιήσαντο | obl | high | Postpositive causal adposition taking the genitive. |
| 15 | τρόπαιον | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N--ASN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐποιήσαντο | obj | high | Object of ἐποιήσαντο. |
| 16 | ἐποιήσαντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-AMI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 8 ἔφασαν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate. |
| 17 | ἀνάθημα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N--NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐποιήσαντο | xcomp | medium | Predicative/resultative complement; nominative form with neuter subjectless construction, though appositional analysis is possible. |
| 18 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S---DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Ποσειδῶνι | det | high | |
| 19 | Ποσειδῶνι | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N--DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐποιήσαντο | iobj | high | Dative of dedication. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔφασαν | punct | high |