Grammar parses for passage 8.11.11
Open translation for this passage
Ἀννίβᾳ γὰρ χρησμὸς ἀφίκετο παρὰ Ἄμμωνος ὡς ἀποθανὼν γῇ καλυφθήσεται τῇ Λιβύσσῃ.
The dative Ἀννίβᾳ is the recipient/experiencer of χρησμός; ὡς introduces the oracle's content, with ἀποθανών agreeing with the understood subject of καλυφθήσεται. γῇ and τῇ Λιβύσσῃ are construed as an appositional/locative dative phrase, though the exact semantic relation is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀννίβᾳ | Ἀννίβας | PROPN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 χρησμὸς | iobj | high | Recipient of the oracle. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G--------- | Polarity=Pos | 4 ἀφίκετο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | χρησμὸς | χρησμός | NOUN | N--NSM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφίκετο. |
| 4 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V--AMI3S- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist middle form, here meaning 'came/arrived'; some systems may analyze the tense morphology differently. |
| 5 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 6 Ἄμμωνος | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 6 | Ἄμμωνος | Ἄμμων | PROPN | N--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Source of the oracle. |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 καλυφθήσεται | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 8 | ἀποθανὼν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAPNSM- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 καλυφθήσεται | advcl | high | Aorist participle, temporally prior to the future passive. |
| 9 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N--DSF-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 καλυφθήσεται | obl | medium | Dative associated with the covering construction; exact semantic role is uncertain. |
| 10 | καλυφθήσεται | καλύπτω | VERB | V-FPI3S- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 4 ἀφίκετο | ccomp | high | Finite verb of the oracle's content clause. |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Λιβύσσῃ | det | high | Article modifying Λιβύσσῃ. |
| 12 | Λιβύσσῃ | Λιβύσσα | PROPN | N--DSF-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 γῇ | nmod | medium | Proper-name dative, likely appositional or explanatory to γῇ. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀφίκετο | punct | high |
ὁ μὲν δὴ ἤλπιζεν ἀρχήν τε τὴν Ῥωμαίων καθαιρήσειν καὶ οἴκαδε ἐς τὴν Λιβύην ἐπανελθὼν τελευτήσειν γήρᾳ τὸν βίον.
The sentence has an implied subject (likely Hannibal) for ἤλπιζεν and coordinated infinitival complements: καθαιρήσειν governs τὴν ἀρχήν, while ἐπανελθών modifies the subject of τελευτήσειν; γήρᾳ is an instrumental/means dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἤλπιζεν | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 4 ἤλπιζεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle; corresponding δὴ is discourse-marking. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Df | _ | 4 ἤλπιζεν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἤλπιζεν | ἐλπίζω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect indicative; subject is implicit from context. |
| 5 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-AS-F-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 καθαιρήσειν | obj | high | Object of καθαιρήσειν. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-s | _ | 9 καθαιρήσειν | cc | high | First member of τε ... καὶ coordination. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Ῥωμαίων | det | high | |
| 8 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀρχήν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀρχήν: Roman rule/empire. |
| 9 | καθαιρήσειν | καθαιρέω | VERB | V-FAI | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 4 ἤλπιζεν | xcomp | high | Future active infinitive, first complement of ἤλπιζεν. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 τελευτήσειν | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival complement with καθαιρήσειν. |
| 11 | οἴκαδε | οἴκαδε | ADV | D | _ | 15 ἐπανελθὼν | advmod | high | Directional adverb, ‘homeward’. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 14 Λιβύην | case | high | |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Λιβύην | det | high | |
| 14 | Λιβύην | Λιβύη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐπανελθὼν | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 15 | ἐπανελθὼν | ἐπανέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 τελευτήσειν | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, circumstantial and co-referential with the implicit subject. |
| 16 | τελευτήσειν | τελευτάω | VERB | V-FAI | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 4 ἤλπιζεν | conj | high | Future active infinitive coordinated with καθαιρήσειν. |
| 17 | γήρᾳ | γῆρας | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 τελευτήσειν | obl | medium | Dative of means or circumstance: ‘in/by old age’. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 βίον | det | high | |
| 19 | βίον | βίος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 τελευτήσειν | obj | high | Cognate/object expression with τελευτήσειν: ‘end his life’. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἤλπιζεν | punct | high |
Φλαμινίου δὲ τοῦ Ῥωμαίου ποιουμένου σπουδὴν ἑλεῖν ζῶντα αὐτόν, ἀφικόμενος παρὰ Προυσίαν ἱκέτης καὶ ἀπωσθεὶς ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ ἀνεπήδα τε ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον καὶ γυμνωθέντος τοῦ ξίφους τιτρώσκεται τὸν δάκτυλον.
The sentence has two genitive absolutes (Φλαμινίου ... ποιουμένου and γυμνωθέντος τοῦ ξίφους), with ἀφικόμενος and ἀπωσθείς as coordinated circumstantial participles leading to ἀνεπήδα; τε ... καί links the horse action with the final injury.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φλαμινίου | Φλαμίνιος | PROPN | Neut? Gen.Sg. | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ποιουμένου | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute; Roman name. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 τιτρώσκεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art Gen.Sg.Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ῥωμαίου | det | high | |
| 4 | Ῥωμαίου | Ῥωμαῖος | NOUN | N-Gen.Sg.Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Φλαμινίου | appos | high | Appositional to Φλαμινίου. |
| 5 | ποιουμένου | ποιέω | VERB | V- pres mp ptcp Gen.Sg.Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 28 τιτρώσκεται | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 6 | σπουδὴν | σπουδή | NOUN | N-Acc.Sg.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ποιουμένου | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἑλεῖν | αἱρέω | VERB | V-2aor act inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 σπουδὴν | acl | high | Infinitive completing σπουδὴν ποιεῖσθαι. |
| 8 | ζῶντα | ζάω | VERB | V-pres act ptcp Acc.Sg.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἑλεῖν | xcomp | high | Predicative participle with implied object of ἑλεῖν. |
| 9 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-Acc.Sg.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 8 ζῶντα | obj | high | Accusative subject of the participial predication. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἀφικόμενος | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἀφικόμενος | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-2aor mid ptcp Nom.Sg.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 19 ἀνεπήδα | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject coreferential with τιτρώσκεται. |
| 12 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | Prep | _ | 13 Προυσίαν | case | high | With accusative, 'to/before'. |
| 13 | Προυσίαν | Προυσίας | PROPN | N-Acc.Sg.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀφικόμενος | obl | high | Proper name in accusative after παρά. |
| 14 | ἱκέτης | ἱκέτης | NOUN | N-Nom.Sg.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀφικόμενος | xcomp | high | Predicative nominative with ἀφικόμενος. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἀνεπήδα | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἀπωσθεὶς | ἀπωθέω | VERB | V-aor pass ptcp Nom.Sg.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 19 ἀνεπήδα | advcl | high | Coordinated circumstantial participle. |
| 17 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | Prep | _ | 18 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Agent marker with passive participle. |
| 18 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-Gen.Sg.Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 16 ἀπωσθεὶς | obl:agent | high | |
| 19 | ἀνεπήδα | ἀναπηδάω | VERB | V-Impf.Act.Ind.3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 28 τιτρώσκεται | advcl | high | Main finite verb coordinated semantically with the following clause. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἀνεπήδα | cc | high | Correlative/coordinating τε with καί. |
| 21 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 23 ἵππον | case | high | With accusative, motion toward. |
| 22 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Art Acc.Sg.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἵππον | det | high | |
| 23 | ἵππον | ἵππος | NOUN | N-Acc.Sg.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἀνεπήδα | obl | high | |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 τιτρώσκεται | cc | high | |
| 25 | γυμνωθέντος | γυμνόω | VERB | V-aor pass ptcp Gen.Sg.Masc/Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 28 τιτρώσκεται | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; gender is formally ambiguous, though understood with τοῦ ξίφους. |
| 26 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art Gen.Sg.Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ξίφους | det | high | |
| 27 | ξίφους | ξίφος | NOUN | N-Gen.Sg.Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 γυμνωθέντος | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute. |
| 28 | τιτρώσκεται | τιτρώσκω | VERB | V-pres mp/pass Ind 3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate: 'is wounded'. |
| 29 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Art Acc.Sg.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 δάκτυλον | det | high | |
| 30 | δάκτυλον | δάκτυλος | NOUN | N-Acc.Sg.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 τιτρώσκεται | obl | medium | Accusative of respect/body part with τιτρώσκεται. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 τιτρώσκεται | punct | high |
προελθόντι δέ οἱ στάδια οὐ πολλὰ πυρετός τε ἀπὸ τοῦ τραύματος καὶ ἡ τελευτὴ τριταίῳ συνέβη·
The dative participle προελθόντι is temporal/circumstantial, with οἱ as its dative subject; στάδια is an accusative measure of extent. The coordinated subject πυρετός τε καὶ ἡ τελευτή governs συνέβη, while τριταίῳ is an adverbial dative indicating occurrence on the third day.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προελθόντι | προέρχομαι | VERB | V- AAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 συνέβη | advcl | high | Temporal/circumstantial aorist participle; dative agrees with οἱ. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 συνέβη | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 3 | οἱ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DSM | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 1 προελθόντι | nsubj | medium | Dative subject of the participle; form οἱ is ambiguous in isolation but context supports third-person singular personal pronoun. |
| 4 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | N-ANP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 προελθόντι | obl | high | Accusative of measure/extent with προελθόντι. |
| 5 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 πολλὰ | advmod | high | Negates πολλὰ. |
| 6 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-ANP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 στάδια | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of στάδια. |
| 7 | πυρετός | πυρετός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 συνέβη | nsubj | high | First coordinated nominative subject. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 πυρετός | cc | high | First coordinator in τε ... καί. |
| 9 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 πυρετός | case | high | Preposition introducing the source/cause phrase. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 τραύματος | det | high | Article modifying τραύματος. |
| 11 | τραύματος | τραῦμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπὸ | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 τελευτὴ | cc | high | Coordinates the second subject with πυρετός. |
| 13 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 τελευτὴ | det | high | Article modifying τελευτή. |
| 14 | τελευτὴ | τελευτή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πυρετός | conj | high | Second coordinated nominative subject. |
| 15 | τριταίῳ | τριταῖος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 συνέβη | obl | medium | Adverbial dative, probably ‘on the third day’; masculine form may reflect an understood χρόνος/ἡμέρα context. |
| 16 | συνέβη | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-3AAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate; singular agrees with the coordinated subject treated as a collective/eventual unit. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 συνέβη | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ χωρίον ἔνθα ἀπέθανε καλοῦσιν οἱ Νικομηδεῖς Λίβυσσαν.
The neuter subject phrase τὸ χωρίον is fronted; ἔνθα ἀπέθανε is a relative/locative clause modifying χωρίον, and Λίβυσσαν is the accusative predicate naming complement of καλοῦσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 χωρίον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 6 καλοῦσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 καλοῦσιν | obj | medium | Fronted object/topic, while Λίβυσσαν is the accusative naming complement. |
| 4 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D- | PronType=Rel | 5 ἀπέθανε | advmod | medium | Relative locative adverb introducing the clause modifying χωρίον. |
| 5 | ἀπέθανε | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-3SIAI | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 χωρίον | acl:relcl | medium | Aorist form; subject is unexpressed and understood from context. |
| 6 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-3PPAI | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Νικομηδεῖς | det | high | |
| 8 | Νικομηδεῖς | Νικομήδης | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 καλοῦσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | Λίβυσσαν | Λίβυσσα | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 καλοῦσιν | xcomp | high | Accusative naming complement with καλοῦσιν. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 6 καλοῦσιν | punct | high |