Grammar parses for passage 8.12.1
Open translation for this passage
τοῦ τάφου δὲ τοῦ Ἐπαμινώνδα μάλιστά που σταδίου μῆκος Διὸς ἀφέστηκεν ἱερὸν ἐπίκλησιν Χάρμωνος.
The sentence is syntactically compressed; ἱερὸν ἐπίκλησιν Χάρμωνος is treated as an accusative naming/invocational phrase associated with the predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | article-gen-sg-neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 τάφου | det | high | |
| 2 | τάφου | τάφος | NOUN | noun-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀφέστηκεν | obl | high | Genitive of reference/association: ‘of the tomb’. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 11 ἀφέστηκεν | cc | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | article-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἐπαμινώνδα | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἐπαμινώνδα | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | propn-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 τάφου | nmod | high | Dependent genitive identifying the tomb. |
| 6 | μάλιστά | μάλιστα | ADV | adv-superl | Degree=Sup | 8 σταδίου | advmod | medium | Superlative adverb modifying the distance expression. |
| 7 | που | που | PART | part-indef | _ | 6 μάλιστά | discourse | medium | Enclitic particle, hedging the approximate statement. |
| 8 | σταδίου | στάδιον | NOUN | noun-gen-sg-neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 μῆκος | nmod | high | Genitive of measure. |
| 9 | μῆκος | μῆκος | NOUN | noun-nom-sg-neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἀφέστηκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφέστηκεν: ‘a length of a stadion’. |
| 10 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | propn-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀφέστηκεν | obl | high | Genitive with ἀφέστηκεν, marking the point from which it is distant. |
| 11 | ἀφέστηκεν | ἀφίστημι | VERB | verb-perf-act-ind-3sg | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect with present stative force: ‘stands at a distance’. |
| 12 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | adj-acc-sg-neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπίκλησιν | amod | high | Agrees with ἱερόν understood as the object of ἐπίκλησιν. |
| 13 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | noun-acc-sg-fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀφέστηκεν | obj | medium | Accusative expression, probably ‘by the invocation/name’; construction is compressed. |
| 14 | Χάρμωνος | Χάρμων | PROPN | propn-gen-sg-masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπίκλησιν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἐπίκλησιν: ‘of Charmon’; exact relation is elliptical. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἀφέστηκεν | punct | high |
Ἀρκάδων δὲ ἐν τοῖς δρυμοῖς εἰσιν αἱ δρῦς διάφοροι, καὶ τὰς μὲν πλατυφύλλους αὐτῶν, τὰς δὲ φηγοὺς καλοῦσιν· αἱ τρίται δὲ ἀραιὸν τὸν φλοιὸν καὶ οὕτω δή τι παρέχονται κοῦφον, ὥστε ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν θαλάσσῃ ποιοῦνται σημεῖα ἀγκύραις καὶ δικτύοις·
The passage has two coordinated clauses: the first identifies the diverse oaks of Arcadia and names two varieties; the second describes a third variety. In the final ὥστε clause, ποιοῦνται is middle with σημεῖα as object and ἀγκύραις/δικτύοις as instrumental means. The agreement and attachment of ἀραιὸν are textually unusual; it is treated as an accusative predicative adjective with τὸν φλοιόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-----G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 εἰσιν | nmod | high | Genitive of domain/possessive relation: the Arcadians' or Arcadian oaks. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 εἰσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 δρυμοῖς | case | high | |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 δρυμοῖς | det | high | |
| 5 | δρυμοῖς | δρυμός | NOUN | N---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 εἰσιν | obl | high | Locative complement of ἐν. |
| 6 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular predicate. |
| 7 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 δρῦς | det | high | |
| 8 | δρῦς | δρῦς | NOUN | N-NPF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Plural form with identical surface to singular. |
| 9 | διάφοροι | διάφορος | ADJ | A-NPF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 δρῦς | amod | high | Predicative adjective agreeing with δρῦς. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἰσιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 καλοῦσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the naming clause with the preceding statement. |
| 12 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-PAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 πλατυφύλλους | det | high | |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 14 πλατυφύλλους | advmod | high | First member of μέν...δέ contrast. |
| 14 | πλατυφύλλους | πλατύφυλλος | ADJ | A-PAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of καλοῦσιν. |
| 15 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-G---GA- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 πλατυφύλλους | nmod | medium | Partitive/genitive pronoun: among them; gender is formally masculine but may be generic. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 καλοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 17 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-PAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 φηγοὺς | det | high | |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 καλοῦσιν | cc | high | Second member of μέν...δέ contrast. |
| 19 | φηγοὺς | φηγός | NOUN | N-PAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Object coordinated with πλατυφύλλους. |
| 20 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 εἰσιν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb, subject understood as the Arcadians. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 καλοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 22 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 τρίται | det | high | |
| 23 | τρίται | τρίτος | ADJ | A-NPF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 32 παρέχονται | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective: the third kind. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 παρέχονται | cc | high | Connective introducing the third variety. |
| 25 | ἀραιὸν | ἀραιός | ADJ | A-SNA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 φλοιὸν | amod | low | Textually anomalous agreement; retained as neuter singular accusative, likely predicative/attributive with φλοιόν. |
| 26 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-SMA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 φλοιὸν | det | high | |
| 27 | φλοιὸν | φλοιός | NOUN | N-SMA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 παρέχονται | obj | high | Object of παρέχονται. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 παρέχονται | cc | high | Coordinates the two properties/predications. |
| 29 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 32 παρέχονται | advmod | high | Correlative adverb, 'in such a way/so'. |
| 30 | δή | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 29 οὕτω | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 31 | τι | τις | PRON | P---NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 κοῦφον | obj | medium | Indefinite neuter, functioning adverbially or as a vague object with κοῦφον. |
| 32 | παρέχονται | παρέχω | VERB | V-PIM-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 20 καλοῦσιν | conj | high | Finite predicate for the third variety; subject αἱ τρίται. |
| 33 | κοῦφον | κοῦφος | ADJ | A-SNA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 παρέχονται | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative adjective, probably agreeing with an understood neuter object or referring to τι. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 παρέχονται | punct | high | |
| 35 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 41 ποιοῦνται | mark | high | Consecutive-result subordinator. |
| 36 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 37 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Elided preposition. |
| 37 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-SGNN-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 41 ποιοῦνται | obl | high | Source/material complement: from it. |
| 38 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 41 ποιοῦνται | cc | high | Coordinates the locative phrase with the source phrase. |
| 39 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 40 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | |
| 40 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-SDF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 ποιοῦνται | obl | high | Locative setting. |
| 41 | ποιοῦνται | ποιέω | VERB | V-PIM-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 32 παρέχονται | advcl | high | Result-clause predicate; middle voice is semantically appropriate for making/using signs. |
| 42 | σημεῖα | σημεῖον | NOUN | N-PNA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 41 ποιοῦνται | obj | high | Object of ποιοῦνται. |
| 43 | ἀγκύραις | ἄγκυρα | NOUN | N-PDF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 41 ποιοῦνται | obl | medium | Instrumental dative: with anchors. |
| 44 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 45 δικτύοις | cc | high | |
| 45 | δικτύοις | δίκτυον | NOUN | N-PDN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 43 ἀγκύραις | conj | medium | Coordinated instrumental dative with ἀγκύραις. |
| 46 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 41 ποιοῦνται | punct | high |