Grammar parses for passage 8.12.4
Open translation for this passage
καί πως ὁ Ἡρακλῆς ἐρχόμενος τὴν ὁδὸν ταύτην ἐπήκουσε τῆς κίσσης καὶ---ἐνόμισε γὰρ παιδὸς εἶναι καὶ οὐκ ὄρνιθος τὸν κλαυθμόν---ἐτράπετο εὐθὺ τῆς φωνῆς·
The main narrative is anchored by ἐτράπετο; ἐπήκουσε is an earlier coordinated/serial event, while the dash-delimited ἐνόμισε clause is parenthetical. The genitive παιδός/ὄρνιθος predicates an accusative-subject infinitive construction with κλαυθμόν as the subject of εἶναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἐτράπετο | cc | high | |
| 2 | πως | πως | ADV | ADV | _ | 28 ἐτράπετο | advmod | medium | Indefinite/attenuative adverb: somehow, in some way. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἡρακλῆς | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἐτράπετο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐρχόμενος | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 Ἡρακλῆς | acl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 7 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐρχόμενος | obj | high | Object of the participle ἐρχόμενος. |
| 8 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | D-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ὁδὸν | det | high | Demonstrative determiner. |
| 9 | ἐπήκουσε | ἐπακούω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 28 ἐτράπετο | advcl | medium | Aorist finite verb coordinated in the narrative sequence; exact attachment is somewhat ambiguous. |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 κίσσης | det | high | |
| 11 | κίσσης | κίσσα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπήκουσε | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐπακούω. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐνόμισε | cc | medium | Introduces the parenthetical explanatory clause after the dash sequence. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐνόμισε | punct | high | |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐνόμισε | punct | high | |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐνόμισε | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἐνόμισε | νομίζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 28 ἐτράπετο | parataxis | high | Parenthetical explanatory clause, with omitted repeated subject Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 17 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PRT | _ | 16 ἐνόμισε | discourse | high | Explanatory postpositive particle. |
| 18 | παιδὸς | παῖς | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 εἶναι | obl | high | Predicate genitive with εἶναι. |
| 19 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PXN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 ἐνόμισε | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐνόμισε. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ὄρνιθος | cc | high | |
| 21 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PRT-N | Polarity=Neg | 22 ὄρνιθος | advmod | high | |
| 22 | ὄρνιθος | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 εἶναι | obl | high | Coordinated predicate genitive with παιδός. |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 κλαυθμόν | det | high | |
| 24 | κλαυθμόν | κλαυθμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 εἶναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐτράπετο | punct | high | |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐτράπετο | punct | high | |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐτράπετο | punct | high | |
| 28 | ἐτράπετο | τρέπω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle: turned/turned himself toward. |
| 29 | εὐθὺ | εὐθύς | ADV | ADV | _ | 28 ἐτράπετο | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative/adverb meaning directly. |
| 30 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 φωνῆς | det | high | |
| 31 | φωνῆς | φωνή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἐτράπετο | obl | high | Genitive complement with τρέπομαι, toward the voice. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐτράπετο | punct | high |
γνωρίσας δὲ αὐτήν τε ἔλυσεν ἀπὸ τῶν δεσμῶν καὶ τὸν παῖδα ἀνεσώσατο.
The sentence has two coordinated aorist finite verbs; γνωρίσας is a circumstantial aorist participle, and αὐτήν τε ... καὶ τὸν παῖδα forms the coordinated object pattern.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γνωρίσας | γνωρίζω | VERB | V-AAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 5 ἔλυσεν | advcl | high | Aorist circumstantial participle, agreeing with the understood subject of ἔλυσεν/ἀνεσώσατο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἔλυσεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτήν | αὐτός | PRON | P-AF3-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 ἔλυσεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔλυσεν. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 αὐτήν | cc | high | Correlative/additive particle associated with αὐτήν τε ... καὶ. |
| 5 | ἔλυσεν | λύω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated finite verb. |
| 6 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 δεσμῶν | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive phrase τῶν δεσμῶν. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 δεσμῶν | det | high | Article modifying δεσμῶν. |
| 8 | δεσμῶν | δεσμός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἔλυσεν | obl | high | Prepositional oblique complement expressing separation. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἀνεσώσατο | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite verb with ἔλυσεν. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-AMS | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 παῖδα | det | high | Article modifying παῖδα. |
| 11 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀνεσώσατο | obj | high | Direct object of ἀνεσώσατο. |
| 12 | ἀνεσώσατο | ἀνασῴζω | VERB | V-AM-I-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 5 ἔλυσεν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb; middle voice is lexical in context. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔλυσεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐξ ἐκείνου δὲ ἡ πλησίον πηγὴ Κίσσα ἀπὸ τῆς ὄρνιθος ὀνομάζεται.
The predicate is ὀνομάζεται ‘is named’; Κίσσα is its nominative subject, while ἀπὸ τῆς ὄρνιθος expresses the source of the name. ἐξ ἐκείνου is an adverbial temporal expression (‘from that time’), and πλησίον modifies πηγή.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 2 ἐκείνου | case | high | Elided form of ἐκ before vowel; governs the genitive. |
| 2 | ἐκείνου | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | PD-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ὀνομάζεται | obl | high | Temporal adverbial genitive with ἐξ, ‘from that time’. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ὀνομάζεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πηγὴ | det | high | |
| 5 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 πηγὴ | advmod | medium | Adverb used attributively with πηγή, ‘nearby’; parsers may alternatively treat it as an indeclinable adjective. |
| 6 | πηγὴ | πηγή | NOUN | N-SNF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ὀνομάζεται | nsubj:pred | medium | Appositional/predicative nominative ‘the nearby spring’; Κίσσα is the naming subject. |
| 7 | Κίσσα | Κίσσα | PROPN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ὀνομάζεται | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject of ὀνομάζεται. |
| 8 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 10 ὄρνιθος | case | high | Governs the genitive source phrase. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὄρνιθος | det | high | |
| 10 | ὄρνιθος | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ὀνομάζεται | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό, ‘from the bird’. |
| 11 | ὀνομάζεται | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PPM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle/passive-form predicate, ‘is named/called’. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ὀνομάζεται | punct | high |
τεσσαράκοντα δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς πηγῆς στάδια ἀφέστηκε Πετροσάκα καλούμενον χωρίον· Μεγαλοπολιτῶν δὲ καὶ Μαντινέων ὅρος ἐστὶν ἡ Πετροσάκα.
The first clause is an impersonal distance expression: τεσσαράκοντα στάδια is the measure, with ἀπό governing πηγῆς; Πετροσάκα is the subject of ἀφέστηκε and is modified by καλούμενον χωρίον. The second clause identifies Πετροσάκα as the boundary of the Megalopolitans and Mantineans.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τεσσαράκοντα | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | A-NUI | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 στάδια | nummod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἀφέστηκε | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 5 πηγῆς | case | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-SFGA | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πηγῆς | det | high | |
| 5 | πηγῆς | πηγή | NOUN | N-SFGA | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀφέστηκε | obl | high | |
| 6 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | N-APNN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἀφέστηκε | obl | high | Accusative of measure. |
| 7 | ἀφέστηκε | ἀφίστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Intransitive perfect, ‘is situated at a distance’. |
| 8 | Πετροσάκα | Πετροσάκα | PROPN | N-SFNA | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀφέστηκε | nsubj | medium | Place-name; indeclinable or irregularly inflected. |
| 9 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-PPNAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 10 χωρίον | acl | high | Agrees with χωρίον. |
| 10 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-SNAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 Πετροσάκα | appos | medium | Appositional description of the place-name; accusative likely governed by an unexpressed naming construction. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀφέστηκε | punct | high | |
| 12 | Μεγαλοπολιτῶν | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ὅρος | nmod | high | |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 Μαντινέων | cc | high | |
| 15 | Μαντινέων | Μαντινεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Μεγαλοπολιτῶν | conj | high | |
| 16 | ὅρος | ὅρος | NOUN | N-SNN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Predicate nominal subject in an existential/copular clause. |
| 17 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated clause has an omitted conjunction with the preceding sentence. |
| 18 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-SFNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 Πετροσάκα | det | high | |
| 19 | Πετροσάκα | Πετροσάκα | PROPN | N-SFNA | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ὅρος | nmod | medium | Name in apposition/specification of ὅρος; indeclinable or irregularly inflected. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐστὶν | punct | high |