Grammar parses for passage 8.13.3
Open translation for this passage
σωροὶ δὲ ὑπὸ τὴν πόλιν λίθων εἰσὶ διεστηκότες ἀπὸ ἀλλήλων, ἐπενήθησαν δὲ ἐν πολέμῳ πεσοῦσιν ἀνδράσιν.
The sentence has an existential clause: σωροὶ ... εἰσὶ διεστηκότες, with ὑπό + accusative locating the heaps and ἀπό + genitive expressing separation. The second clause is passive/impersonal in sense, with πεσοῦσιν ἀνδράσιν as a dative of reference or recipient; the exact nuance of ἐπενήθησαν is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | σωροὶ | σωρός | NOUN | N----MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἐπενήθησαν | cc | high | Adversative/continuative particle introducing the first clause. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 πόλιν | case | high | |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 5 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 εἰσὶ | obl | high | Object of ὑπό in the locative sense, 'under/below the city'. |
| 6 | λίθων | λίθος | NOUN | N----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 σωροὶ | nmod | high | Genitive of material/content: heaps of stones. |
| 7 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | διεστηκότες | διΐστημι | VERB | V-RAPMPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 7 εἰσὶ | xcomp | medium | Perfect active participle functioning predicatively with εἰσί; 'standing apart/separated'. |
| 9 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 ἀλλήλων | case | high | |
| 10 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 8 διεστηκότες | obl | high | Reciprocal genitive governed by ἀπό. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐπενήθησαν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἐπενήθησαν | ἐπινέω | VERB | V3PAPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | low | Lexical identification and precise sense are uncertain; parsed as a passive aorist finite verb. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἐπενήθησαν | cc | high | Connective particle. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 πολέμῳ | case | high | |
| 15 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N----DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπενήθησαν | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐν. |
| 16 | πεσοῦσιν | πίπτω | VERB | V-AAPMD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 ἀνδράσιν | amod | medium | Substantivized aorist active participle, 'those who fell'; dative plural. |
| 17 | ἀνδράσιν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N----DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐπενήθησαν | iobj | medium | Dative plural, likely recipient/reference of the second clause; πεσοῦσιν agrees with it. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐπενήθησαν | punct | high |
οἷς τισι δὲ Πελοποννησίων ἐπολέμησαν ἢ τῶν ἄλλων ἢ Ἀρκάδων αὐτῶν, οὔτε ἐπιγράμματα ἐπὶ τοῖς τάφοις ἐσήμαινεν οὔτε οἱ Ὀρχομένιοι μνημονεύουσιν.
The relative clause ἐπολέμησαν is syntactically embedded with a dative relative pronoun and coordinated genitive groups; the main οὔτε...οὔτε construction coordinates ἐσήμαινεν with μνημονεύουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | P- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπολέμησαν | obl | medium | Relative pronoun, dative plural; antecedent is implicit or contextually supplied. |
| 2 | τισι | τις | PRON | P- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Πελοποννησίων | det | medium | Indefinite pronoun modifying Πελοποννησίων. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 5 ἐπολέμησαν | cc | high | |
| 4 | Πελοποννησίων | Πελοποννήσιος | PROPN | A- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπολέμησαν | obl | medium | Substantivized ethnic adjective, genitive plural; object/target of πολεμέω. |
| 5 | ἐπολέμησαν | πολεμέω | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 ἐσήμαινεν | ccomp | medium | Finite verb in relative clause; coordinated alternative complements follow. |
| 6 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 7 τῶν | cc | high | |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἄλλων | det | high | |
| 8 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπολέμησαν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated genitive complement. |
| 9 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 Ἀρκάδων | cc | high | |
| 10 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | A- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπολέμησαν | obl | high | Genitive plural ethnic name, coordinated with ἄλλων. |
| 11 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἀρκάδων | det | medium | Intensifying/identifying modifier of Ἀρκάδων. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπολέμησαν | punct | high | |
| 13 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 18 ἐσήμαινεν | cc | high | Coordinates the two negative clauses. |
| 14 | ἐπιγράμματα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἐσήμαινεν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 17 τάφοις | case | high | With dative, indicating location on the tombs. |
| 16 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 τάφοις | det | high | |
| 17 | τάφοις | τάφος | NOUN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐπιγράμματα | nmod | high | Dative complement of ἐπί. |
| 18 | ἐσήμαινεν | σημαίνω | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate; singular agrees with neuter plural subject ἐπιγράμματα. |
| 19 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 22 μνημονεύουσιν | cc | high | Second member of οὔτε...οὔτε coordination. |
| 20 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 Ὀρχομένιοι | det | high | |
| 21 | Ὀρχομένιοι | Ὀρχομένιος | PROPN | A- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 μνημονεύουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | μνημονεύουσιν | μνημονεύω | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἐσήμαινεν | conj | high | Second coordinated negative predicate. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐσήμαινεν | punct | high |