Grammar parses for passage 8.13.3
Open translation for this passage
σωροὶ δὲ ὑπὸ τὴν πόλιν λίθων εἰσὶ διεστηκότες ἀπὸ ἀλλήλων, ἐπενήθησαν δὲ ἐν πολέμῳ πεσοῦσιν ἀνδράσιν.
The sentence has an existential clause: σωροὶ ... εἰσὶ διεστηκότες, with ὑπό + accusative locating the heaps and ἀπό + genitive expressing separation. The second clause is passive/impersonal in sense, with πεσοῦσιν ἀνδράσιν as a dative of reference or recipient; the exact nuance of ἐπενήθησαν is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | σωροὶ | σωρός | NOUN | N----MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἐπενήθησαν | cc | high | Adversative/continuative particle introducing the first clause. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 πόλιν | case | high | |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 5 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 εἰσὶ | obl | high | Object of ὑπό in the locative sense, 'under/below the city'. |
| 6 | λίθων | λίθος | NOUN | N----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 σωροὶ | nmod | high | Genitive of material/content: heaps of stones. |
| 7 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | διεστηκότες | διΐστημι | VERB | V-RAPMPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 7 εἰσὶ | xcomp | medium | Perfect active participle functioning predicatively with εἰσί; 'standing apart/separated'. |
| 9 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 ἀλλήλων | case | high | |
| 10 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 8 διεστηκότες | obl | high | Reciprocal genitive governed by ἀπό. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐπενήθησαν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἐπενήθησαν | ἐπινέω | VERB | V3PAPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | low | Lexical identification and precise sense are uncertain; parsed as a passive aorist finite verb. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἐπενήθησαν | cc | high | Connective particle. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 πολέμῳ | case | high | |
| 15 | πολέμῳ | πόλεμος | NOUN | N----DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπενήθησαν | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐν. |
| 16 | πεσοῦσιν | πίπτω | VERB | V-AAPMD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 ἀνδράσιν | amod | medium | Substantivized aorist active participle, 'those who fell'; dative plural. |
| 17 | ἀνδράσιν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N----DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐπενήθησαν | iobj | medium | Dative plural, likely recipient/reference of the second clause; πεσοῦσιν agrees with it. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐπενήθησαν | punct | high |