Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.13.4

← 8.13.3 8.13.5 →

Passage 8.13.4

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3sentences parsed

81Greek tokens

2,434input tokens

5,808output tokens

Sentence 1

8.13.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 8
Input: 631
Output: 623
Total: 1,254

ἔστι δὲ ἀπαντικρὺ τῆς πόλεως ὄρος Τραχύ.

Existential/copular ἔστι introduces the nominative subject ὄρος, with Τραχύ as its agreeing predicative name/adjective; ἀπαντικρύ governs the genitive τῆς πόλεως.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἔστι	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Existential/copular finite verb.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	1 ἔστι	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἀπαντικρὺ	ἀπαντικρύ	ADV	D--------	_	1 ἔστι	advmod	high	Adverb meaning opposite/across; governs the following genitive.
4	τῆς	ὁ	DET	LGSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 πόλεως	det	high
5	πόλεως	πόλις	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	3 ἀπαντικρὺ	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἀπαντικρύ.
6	ὄρος	ὄρος	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 ἔστι	nsubj	high	Nominative subject of existential ἔστι.
7	Τραχύ	τραχύς	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 ὄρος	amod	medium	Agreeing neuter nominative name/adjectival designation of the mountain; could be analyzed as a proper-name apposition.
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἔστι	punct	high

Sentence 2

8.13.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 40
Input: 916
Output: 2,814
Total: 3,730

τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ διὰ χαράδρας ῥέον κοίλης μεταξὺ τῆς τε πόλεως καὶ τοῦ Τραχέος ὄρους κάτεισιν ἐς ἄλλο Ὀρχομένιον πεδίον, τὸ δὲ πεδίον τοῦτο μεγέθει μὲν μέγα, τὰ πλείω δέ ἐστιν αὐτοῦ λίμνη.

Sentence contains two coordinated clauses: the water descends into a Boeotian plain, and that plain is mostly a lake. The participle ῥέον agrees with ὕδωρ; μεγέθει is a dative of respect. The exact scope of τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ is somewhat uncertain but is treated as an attributive relative-like participial phrase.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-SN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	3 ὕδωρ	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C	_	20 κάτεισιν	cc	high	Adversative/continuative particle.
3	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N-SN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 κάτεισιν	nsubj	high
4	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-SN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ῥέον	det	high	Article with the attributive participle.
5	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	P	_	7 θεοῦ	case	high
6	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-SG	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 θεοῦ	det	high
7	θεοῦ	θεός	NOUN	N-GM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ῥέον	obl	high	Source/origin complement of ἐκ.
8	διὰ	διά	ADP	P	_	9 χαράδρας	case	high
9	χαράδρας	χαράδρα	NOUN	N-GF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	10 ῥέον	obl	high	Path through ravines.
10	ῥέον	ῥέω	VERB	PAPNSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	3 ὕδωρ	acl	high	Attributive present participle agreeing with ὕδωρ.
11	κοίλης	κοῖλος	ADJ	A-GF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 μεταξὺ	amod	medium	Likely modifies an understood singular feminine noun, such as χαράδρα; agreement is not with the plural χαράδρας.
12	μεταξὺ	μεταξύ	ADP	P	_	15 πόλεως	case	high	Preposition governing the coordinated genitives.
13	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 πόλεως	det	high
14	τε	τε	CCONJ	C	_	16 καὶ	cc	high	First member of τε ... καί coordination.
15	πόλεως	πόλις	NOUN	N-GF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	20 κάτεισιν	obl	high	First complement of μεταξύ.
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	19 ὄρους	cc	high	Coordinates the two genitive complements.
17	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 ὄρους	det	high
18	Τραχέος	Τραχύς	PROPN	A-GN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 ὄρους	amod	medium	Toponymic adjective used with ὄρος; lemma normalized to Τραχύς.
19	ὄρους	ὄρος	NOUN	N-GN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 πόλεως	conj	high	Second complement of μεταξύ.
20	κάτεισιν	κάτειμι	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
21	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	24 πεδίον	case	high
22	ἄλλο	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-AN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	24 πεδίον	amod	high
23	Ὀρχομένιον	Ὀρχομένιος	ADJ	A-AN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	24 πεδίον	amod	high	Ethnic/geographical adjective.
24	πεδίον	πεδίον	NOUN	N-AN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 κάτεισιν	obl	high	Goal complement of εἰς.
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 κάτεισιν	punct	high
26	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-AN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 πεδίον	det	high	Introduces a resumptive/appositional noun phrase.
27	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C	_	37 ἐστιν	cc	high	Connective particle in the second clause.
28	πεδίον	πεδίον	NOUN	N-AN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	37 ἐστιν	nsubj	high	Accusative form retained in an appositional/resumptive construction; syntactically subject of ἐστιν.
29	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	D-AN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 πεδίον	det	high	Demonstrative determiner; the accusative reflects the noun phrase's form.
30	μεγέθει	μέγεθος	NOUN	N-DN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	32 μέγα	obl	high	Dative of respect/measure.
31	μὲν	μέν	PART	P	_	32 μέγα	discourse	high	Correlative μέν ... δέ.
32	μέγα	μέγας	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	37 ἐστιν	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with εἰμί.
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	37 ἐστιν	punct	high
34	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	35 πλείω	det	high	Article substantivizing πλείω.
35	πλείω	πολύς	ADJ	A-APN-C	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	39 λίμνη	nsubj	medium	Substantivized comparative, ‘the greater part’; agreement and case are irregular in the transmitted syntax.
36	δέ	δέ	CCONJ	C	_	37 ἐστιν	cc	high	Second member of μέν ... δέ.
37	ἐστιν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	20 κάτεισιν	conj	high	Finite verb of the second coordinated clause.
38	αὐτοῦ	αὐτός	PRON	P-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	35 πλείω	nmod	high	Partitive genitive, ‘of it’.
39	λίμνη	λίμνη	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	37 ἐστιν	xcomp	high	Predicate nominal with εἰμί; mismatch with the preceding neuter phrase is characteristic of the transmitted text.
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	20 κάτεισιν	punct	high

Sentence 3

8.13.4 sentence 3

Tokens: 33
Input: 887
Output: 2,371
Total: 3,258

ἰόντι δὲ ἐξ Ὀρχομενοῦ καὶ σταδίους προελθόντι ὅσον τρεῖς, ἡ μὲν εὐθεῖα ἐπὶ πόλιν Καφυὰν ἄγει παρά τε αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν καὶ μετὰ ταύτην ἐν ἀριστερᾷ παρὰ τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ λιμνάζον·

Concessive/temporal dative participles ἰόντι and προελθόντι are controlled by an implicit traveler; ἡ εὐθεῖα is the subject of ἄγει. The route is coordinated through παρά/μετά phrases; λιμνάζον modifies ὕδωρ.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἰόντι	εἶμι	VERB	PPA-DAT-SG	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	7 προελθόντι	advcl	high	Dative participle, coordinated in sense with προελθόντι; implicit subject/traveler.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 ἄγει	cc	high
3	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	4 Ὀρχομενοῦ	case	high
4	Ὀρχομενοῦ	Ὀρχομενός	PROPN	N-GEN-SG	Case=Gen\|Number=Sing	1 ἰόντι	obl	high	Place name governed by ἐξ.
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 προελθόντι	cc	high
6	σταδίους	στάδιον	NOUN	N-ACC-PL	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 προελθόντι	obl	high	Measure accusative with προελθόντι.
7	προελθόντι	προέρχομαι	VERB	AAP-DAT-SG	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	17 ἄγει	advcl	high	Dative aorist participle, coordinated with ἰόντι.
8	ὅσον	ὅσος	ADJ	A-ACC-SG	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 σταδίους	amod	high	Neuter quantity adjective used substantivally/with measure expression.
9	τρεῖς	τρεῖς	NUM	NUM-ACC-PL	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 σταδίους	nummod	high	Numeral modifying στάδιους.
10	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	7 προελθόντι	punct	high
11	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF-SG	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 εὐθεῖα	det	high
12	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	13 εὐθεῖα	discourse	high	Correlative μέν; corresponding δέ is absent in this sentence.
13	εὐθεῖα	εὐθεῖα	NOUN	N-NSF-SG	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἄγει	nsubj	high	Substantivized feminine adjective, ‘straight road’.
14	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	15 πόλιν	case	high
15	πόλιν	πόλις	NOUN	N-ACC-SG	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἄγει	obl	high	Goal with ἐπί.
16	Καφυὰν	Καφυά	PROPN	N-ACC-SG	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 πόλιν	appos	high	City name in apposition to πόλιν.
17	ἄγει	ἄγω	VERB	V-PAI-3SG	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
18	παρά	παρά	ADP	PREP	_	22 χαράδραν	case	high
19	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 παρά	cc	high	Postpositive enclitic coordinating the route adjunct.
20	αὐτὴν	αὐτός	PRON	P-ASF-ACC-SG	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	22 χαράδραν	amod	high	Intensive pronoun modifying χαράδραν.
21	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF-ACC-SG	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 χαράδραν	det	high
22	χαράδραν	χαράδρα	NOUN	N-ASF-ACC-SG	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἄγει	obl	high	Object of παρά in route adjunct.
23	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 μετὰ	cc	high
24	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	PREP	_	25 ταύτην	case	high	With accusative, ‘after/beyond’.
25	ταύτην	οὗτος	PRON	D-ASF-ACC-SG	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	17 ἄγει	obl	high	Feminine accusative demonstrative, antecedent/context-dependent.
26	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	27 ἀριστερᾷ	case	high
27	ἀριστερᾷ	ἀριστερός	ADJ	A-DSF-SG	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 ταύτην	obl	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘on the left’.
28	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	PREP	_	30 ὕδωρ	case	high
29	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN-ACC-SG	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	30 ὕδωρ	det	high
30	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N-ASN-ACC-SG	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	25 ταύτην	obl	high	Object of παρά.
31	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN-NOM-ACC-SG	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	32 λιμνάζον	det	medium	Article agrees with ὕδωρ; form is syncretic nominative/accusative.
32	λιμνάζον	λιμνάζω	VERB	PPA-NSN-SG	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	30 ὕδωρ	acl	medium	Present participle modifying ὕδωρ; expected accusative neuter is syncretic in form.
33	·	·	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	17 ἄγει	punct	high

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