Grammar parses for passage 8.13.4
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ ἀπαντικρὺ τῆς πόλεως ὄρος Τραχύ.
Existential/copular ἔστι introduces the nominative subject ὄρος, with Τραχύ as its agreeing predicative name/adjective; ἀπαντικρύ governs the genitive τῆς πόλεως.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀπαντικρὺ | ἀπαντικρύ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 ἔστι | advmod | high | Adverb meaning opposite/across; governs the following genitive. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | LGSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πόλεως | det | high | |
| 5 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπαντικρὺ | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπαντικρύ. |
| 6 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of existential ἔστι. |
| 7 | Τραχύ | τραχύς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὄρος | amod | medium | Agreeing neuter nominative name/adjectival designation of the mountain; could be analyzed as a proper-name apposition. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ διὰ χαράδρας ῥέον κοίλης μεταξὺ τῆς τε πόλεως καὶ τοῦ Τραχέος ὄρους κάτεισιν ἐς ἄλλο Ὀρχομένιον πεδίον, τὸ δὲ πεδίον τοῦτο μεγέθει μὲν μέγα, τὰ πλείω δέ ἐστιν αὐτοῦ λίμνη.
Sentence contains two coordinated clauses: the water descends into a Boeotian plain, and that plain is mostly a lake. The participle ῥέον agrees with ὕδωρ; μεγέθει is a dative of respect. The exact scope of τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ is somewhat uncertain but is treated as an attributive relative-like participial phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-SN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 20 κάτεισιν | cc | high | Adversative/continuative particle. |
| 3 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-SN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 κάτεισιν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-SN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ῥέον | det | high | Article with the attributive participle. |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 7 θεοῦ | case | high | |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-SG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 7 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-GM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ῥέον | obl | high | Source/origin complement of ἐκ. |
| 8 | διὰ | διά | ADP | P | _ | 9 χαράδρας | case | high | |
| 9 | χαράδρας | χαράδρα | NOUN | N-GF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ῥέον | obl | high | Path through ravines. |
| 10 | ῥέον | ῥέω | VERB | PAPNSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ὕδωρ | acl | high | Attributive present participle agreeing with ὕδωρ. |
| 11 | κοίλης | κοῖλος | ADJ | A-GF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 μεταξὺ | amod | medium | Likely modifies an understood singular feminine noun, such as χαράδρα; agreement is not with the plural χαράδρας. |
| 12 | μεταξὺ | μεταξύ | ADP | P | _ | 15 πόλεως | case | high | Preposition governing the coordinated genitives. |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πόλεως | det | high | |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 καὶ | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 15 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-GF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 κάτεισιν | obl | high | First complement of μεταξύ. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 19 ὄρους | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive complements. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ὄρους | det | high | |
| 18 | Τραχέος | Τραχύς | PROPN | A-GN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ὄρους | amod | medium | Toponymic adjective used with ὄρος; lemma normalized to Τραχύς. |
| 19 | ὄρους | ὄρος | NOUN | N-GN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 πόλεως | conj | high | Second complement of μεταξύ. |
| 20 | κάτεισιν | κάτειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 24 πεδίον | case | high | |
| 22 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-AN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 πεδίον | amod | high | |
| 23 | Ὀρχομένιον | Ὀρχομένιος | ADJ | A-AN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 πεδίον | amod | high | Ethnic/geographical adjective. |
| 24 | πεδίον | πεδίον | NOUN | N-AN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 κάτεισιν | obl | high | Goal complement of εἰς. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 κάτεισιν | punct | high | |
| 26 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-AN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 πεδίον | det | high | Introduces a resumptive/appositional noun phrase. |
| 27 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 37 ἐστιν | cc | high | Connective particle in the second clause. |
| 28 | πεδίον | πεδίον | NOUN | N-AN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Accusative form retained in an appositional/resumptive construction; syntactically subject of ἐστιν. |
| 29 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | D-AN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 πεδίον | det | high | Demonstrative determiner; the accusative reflects the noun phrase's form. |
| 30 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-DN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 μέγα | obl | high | Dative of respect/measure. |
| 31 | μὲν | μέν | PART | P | _ | 32 μέγα | discourse | high | Correlative μέν ... δέ. |
| 32 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰμί. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 34 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 35 πλείω | det | high | Article substantivizing πλείω. |
| 35 | πλείω | πολύς | ADJ | A-APN-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 39 λίμνη | nsubj | medium | Substantivized comparative, ‘the greater part’; agreement and case are irregular in the transmitted syntax. |
| 36 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 37 ἐστιν | cc | high | Second member of μέν ... δέ. |
| 37 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 κάτεισιν | conj | high | Finite verb of the second coordinated clause. |
| 38 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 35 πλείω | nmod | high | Partitive genitive, ‘of it’. |
| 39 | λίμνη | λίμνη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominal with εἰμί; mismatch with the preceding neuter phrase is characteristic of the transmitted text. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 κάτεισιν | punct | high |
ἰόντι δὲ ἐξ Ὀρχομενοῦ καὶ σταδίους προελθόντι ὅσον τρεῖς, ἡ μὲν εὐθεῖα ἐπὶ πόλιν Καφυὰν ἄγει παρά τε αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν καὶ μετὰ ταύτην ἐν ἀριστερᾷ παρὰ τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ λιμνάζον·
Concessive/temporal dative participles ἰόντι and προελθόντι are controlled by an implicit traveler; ἡ εὐθεῖα is the subject of ἄγει. The route is coordinated through παρά/μετά phrases; λιμνάζον modifies ὕδωρ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἰόντι | εἶμι | VERB | PPA-DAT-SG | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 προελθόντι | advcl | high | Dative participle, coordinated in sense with προελθόντι; implicit subject/traveler. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἄγει | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Ὀρχομενοῦ | case | high | |
| 4 | Ὀρχομενοῦ | Ὀρχομενός | PROPN | N-GEN-SG | Case=Gen|Number=Sing | 1 ἰόντι | obl | high | Place name governed by ἐξ. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 προελθόντι | cc | high | |
| 6 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-ACC-PL | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 προελθόντι | obl | high | Measure accusative with προελθόντι. |
| 7 | προελθόντι | προέρχομαι | VERB | AAP-DAT-SG | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἄγει | advcl | high | Dative aorist participle, coordinated with ἰόντι. |
| 8 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | A-ACC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 σταδίους | amod | high | Neuter quantity adjective used substantivally/with measure expression. |
| 9 | τρεῖς | τρεῖς | NUM | NUM-ACC-PL | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 σταδίους | nummod | high | Numeral modifying στάδιους. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 προελθόντι | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εὐθεῖα | det | high | |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 13 εὐθεῖα | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; corresponding δέ is absent in this sentence. |
| 13 | εὐθεῖα | εὐθεῖα | NOUN | N-NSF-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἄγει | nsubj | high | Substantivized feminine adjective, ‘straight road’. |
| 14 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 πόλιν | case | high | |
| 15 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ACC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἄγει | obl | high | Goal with ἐπί. |
| 16 | Καφυὰν | Καφυά | PROPN | N-ACC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πόλιν | appos | high | City name in apposition to πόλιν. |
| 17 | ἄγει | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAI-3SG | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | παρά | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 χαράδραν | case | high | |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 παρά | cc | high | Postpositive enclitic coordinating the route adjunct. |
| 20 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASF-ACC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 22 χαράδραν | amod | high | Intensive pronoun modifying χαράδραν. |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF-ACC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 χαράδραν | det | high | |
| 22 | χαράδραν | χαράδρα | NOUN | N-ASF-ACC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἄγει | obl | high | Object of παρά in route adjunct. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 μετὰ | cc | high | |
| 24 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 ταύτην | case | high | With accusative, ‘after/beyond’. |
| 25 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | D-ASF-ACC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 17 ἄγει | obl | high | Feminine accusative demonstrative, antecedent/context-dependent. |
| 26 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 27 ἀριστερᾷ | case | high | |
| 27 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A-DSF-SG | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ταύτην | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘on the left’. |
| 28 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 30 ὕδωρ | case | high | |
| 29 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN-ACC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 30 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN-ACC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ταύτην | obl | high | Object of παρά. |
| 31 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN-NOM-ACC-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 λιμνάζον | det | medium | Article agrees with ὕδωρ; form is syncretic nominative/accusative. |
| 32 | λιμνάζον | λιμνάζω | VERB | PPA-NSN-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 30 ὕδωρ | acl | medium | Present participle modifying ὕδωρ; expected accusative neuter is syncretic in form. |
| 33 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 17 ἄγει | punct | high |
ἡ δὲ ἑτέρα τῶν ὁδῶν διαβάντι τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ διὰ τῆς χαράδρας ῥέον ὑπὸ τὸ Τραχύ ἐστιν ὄρος.
The sentence has a copular core ἑτέρα ... ἐστιν ὄρος; διαβάντι is a circumstantial dative participle, while ῥέον is an attributive participle modifying ὕδωρ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἑτέρα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἑτέρα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἑτέρα | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, subject of ἐστιν. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ὁδῶν | det | high | |
| 5 | ὁδῶν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἑτέρα | nmod | high | Genitive partitive/specifying ἑτέρα. |
| 6 | διαβάντι | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-2AAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 ἑτέρα | advcl | medium | Dative circumstantial participle, with understood masculine referent/person. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 8 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 διαβάντι | obj | high | Object of διαβάντι. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ῥέον | det | high | |
| 10 | διὰ | διά | ADP | P | _ | 12 χαράδρας | case | high | |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 χαράδρας | det | high | |
| 12 | χαράδρας | χαράδρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ῥέον | obl | high | Prepositional modifier of ῥέον. |
| 13 | ῥέον | ῥέω | VERB | V-PAP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ὕδωρ | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying ὕδωρ. |
| 14 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 16 Τραχύ | case | high | |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 Τραχύ | det | high | |
| 16 | Τραχύ | Τραχύς | PROPN | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ῥέον | obl | medium | Toponym/adjectival place-name, object of ὑπό; treated as proper noun. |
| 17 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστιν | attr | high | Predicate noun with ἐστιν; Τραχύ ὄρος is the mountain name. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐστιν | punct | high |