Grammar parses for passage 8.15.9
Open translation for this passage
ἐν τούτῳ τῷ ὄρει τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ Κράθιδός εἰσιν αἱ πηγαί· ῥεῖ δὲ ἐς θάλασσαν παρὰ Αἰγάς, ἔρημον τὰ ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ χωρίον, τὰ δὲ παλαιότερα Ἀχαιῶν πόλιν.
Two coordinated clauses with the second and third clauses using predicative accusatives; the final phrase is syntactically ambiguous and likely elliptical/predicative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 4 ὄρει | case | high | |
| 2 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ὄρει | det | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ὄρει | det | high | |
| 4 | ὄρει | ὄρος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 εἰσιν | obl | high | |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ποταμοῦ | det | high | |
| 6 | ποταμοῦ | ποταμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὄρει | nmod | high | |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Κράθιδός | det | high | |
| 8 | Κράθιδός | Κράθις | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ποταμοῦ | nmod | medium | Proper-name genitive dependent of ποταμοῦ. |
| 9 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 πηγαί | det | high | |
| 11 | πηγαί | πηγή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἰσιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ῥεῖ | ῥέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ῥεῖ | discourse | high | |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 16 θάλασσαν | case | high | |
| 16 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ῥεῖ | obl | high | |
| 17 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 18 Αἰγάς | case | high | |
| 18 | Αἰγάς | Αἰγαί | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Number=Plur | 13 ῥεῖ | obl | medium | Likely the toponym Αἰγαί in accusative plural. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ῥεῖ | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἔρημον | ἔρημος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 χωρίον | amod | high | |
| 21 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 χωρίον | det | high | |
| 22 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 24 χωρίον | case | high | |
| 23 | ἐμοῦ | ἐγώ | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 22 ἐπʼ | obl | high | |
| 24 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ῥεῖ | xcomp | medium | Appositional/predicative accusative with ἔρημον; attached as xcomp to main verb. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ῥεῖ | punct | high | |
| 26 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 30 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 27 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 28 παλαιότερα | discourse | high | |
| 28 | παλαιότερα | παλαιός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 πόλιν | amod | high | |
| 29 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 πόλιν | nmod | high | |
| 30 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ῥεῖ | xcomp | low | Likely another predicative/appositional accusative phrase; exact relation uncertain. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ῥεῖ | punct | high |
ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ καλεῖται τοῦ Κράθιδος καὶ ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ ποταμὸς ἐν γῇ τῇ Βρεττίων·
The syntax is slightly compressed: ποταμὸς is the subject of καλεῖται, while ἀπὸ τούτου and the two ἐν-phrases are obliques modifying the verbal clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P-------- | _ | 4 καλεῖται | case | high | preposition governing τούτου |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀπὸ | nmod | high | genitive complement of ἀπό |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 καλεῖται | discourse | high | postpositive connective |
| 4 | καλεῖται | καλέω | VERB | V-3SPMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | main finite verb |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Ra-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 Κράθιδος | det | high | article with Κράθιδος |
| 6 | Κράθιδος | Κράθις | PROPN | N-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 καλεῖται | nsubj:pass | medium | genitive subject/source with passive ‘is called’ |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ποταμὸς | cc | high | coordinating conjunction |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 ποταμὸς | case | high | preposition governing Ἰταλίᾳ |
| 9 | Ἰταλίᾳ | Ἰταλία | PROPN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ποταμὸς | obl | high | locative oblique |
| 10 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N--S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 καλεῖται | nsubj:pass | high | predicate subject of καλεῖται |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 καλεῖται | obl | high | preposition introducing the following locative phrase |
| 12 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐν | obl | medium | object of ἐν |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Ra-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Βρεττίων | det | high | article with Βρεττίων |
| 14 | Βρεττίων | Βρεττίων | PROPN | N-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 γῇ | nmod | medium | genitive dependent of γῇ; form is proper-name/adjectival-like and somewhat uncertain |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 καλεῖται | punct | high | sentence punctuation |