Grammar parses for passage 8.15.9
Open translation for this passage
ἐν τούτῳ τῷ ὄρει τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ Κράθιδός εἰσιν αἱ πηγαί· ῥεῖ δὲ ἐς θάλασσαν παρὰ Αἰγάς, ἔρημον τὰ ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ χωρίον, τὰ δὲ παλαιότερα Ἀχαιῶν πόλιν.
The sentence has a copular/existential clause with πηγαί as subject; the following clauses describe the river and an elliptical contrast between the present deserted χωρίον and its former status as an Achaean city. The appositional/elliptical syntax around ἔρημον and τὰ παλαιότερα is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 4 ὄρει | case | high | |
| 2 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | DET | DD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ὄρει | det | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ὄρει | det | high | |
| 4 | ὄρει | ὄρος | NOUN | NCN-D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 εἰσιν | obl | high | |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ποταμοῦ | det | high | |
| 6 | ποταμοῦ | ποταμός | NOUN | NC-MG-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὄρει | nmod | high | |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Κράθιδός | det | high | |
| 8 | Κράθιδός | Κράθις | PROPN | NE-G-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ποταμοῦ | appos | medium | Proper name is treated as appositional specification of ποταμός. |
| 9 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 πηγαί | det | high | |
| 11 | πηγαί | πηγή | NOUN | NC-FN-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἰσιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ῥεῖ | ῥέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second independent clause after the middle dot. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 ῥεῖ | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 16 θάλασσαν | case | high | |
| 16 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | NC-F-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ῥεῖ | obl | high | |
| 17 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 18 Αἰγάς | case | high | |
| 18 | Αἰγάς | Αἰγαί | PROPN | NE-F-A-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 ῥεῖ | obl | high | Accusative after παρά, locative/directional in context. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 Αἰγάς | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἔρημον | ἔρημος | ADJ | A-AA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 χωρίον | amod | low | Likely predicative/appositional adjective agreeing with the elliptical χωρίον; token form is accusative neuter singular. |
| 21 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 χωρίον | det | medium | Article with substantivized/elliptical phrase. |
| 22 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 23 ἐμοῦ | case | high | |
| 23 | ἐμοῦ | ἐγώ | PRON | RP-G-S | Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 24 χωρίον | obl | high | Temporal phrase ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ, ‘in my time’. |
| 24 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | NCN-A-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ῥεῖ | appos | low | Elliptical apposition or parenthetical nominal description of the place near Αἰγάς. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 χωρίον | punct | high | |
| 26 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 28 παλαιότερα | det | medium | Article introducing a substantivized comparative phrase. |
| 27 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 28 παλαιότερα | cc | high | Contrasts present condition with earlier condition. |
| 28 | παλαιότερα | παλαιός | ADJ | A-CAN-P | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 πόλιν | amod | medium | Substantivized comparative, ‘formerly/earlier things’. |
| 29 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | NE-G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 πόλιν | nmod | high | |
| 30 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | NC-F-A-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 χωρίον | conj | low | Elliptical accusative predicate/apposition: formerly an Achaean city; exact attachment is uncertain. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ῥεῖ | punct | high |
ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ καλεῖται τοῦ Κράθιδος καὶ ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ ποταμὸς ἐν γῇ τῇ Βρεττίων·
The impersonal passive καλεῖται means “is called”; τοῦ Κράθιδος is a genitive of name/etymological association, while ποταμός is the postposed subject, with ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ and ἐν γῇ τῇ Βρεττίων as locative modifiers. The exact syntactic scope of ἀπὸ τούτου is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 4 καλεῖται | case | high | |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | RD--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 1 ἀπὸ | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 καλεῖται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | καλεῖται | καλέω | VERB | V3SPI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive, “is called”. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Κράθιδος | det | high | |
| 6 | Κράθιδος | Κράθις | PROPN | NE--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 καλεῖται | obl | medium | Genitive proper name associated with the name καλεῖται; exact relation is syntactically elliptical. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ποταμὸς | cc | high | Coordinates the two locative descriptions. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | Case=Dat | 9 Ἰταλίᾳ | case | high | |
| 9 | Ἰταλίᾳ | Ἰταλία | PROPN | NE--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ποταμὸς | obl | high | Locative complement. |
| 10 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | NC--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 καλεῖται | nsubj:pass | high | Postposed nominative subject of the passive verb. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | Case=Dat | 12 γῇ | case | high | |
| 12 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | NC--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ποταμὸς | obl | high | Locative complement of ποταμός. |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 γῇ | det | high | |
| 14 | Βρεττίων | Βρέττιοι | PROPN | NE--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 γῇ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on γῇ, “land of the Brettii.” |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 καλεῖται | punct | high |
ἐν δὲ τῇ Κράθιδι τῷ ὄρει Πυρωνίας ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος, καὶ τὰ ἔτι ἀρχαιότερα παρὰ τῆς θεοῦ ταύτης ἐπήγοντο Ἀργεῖοι πῦρ ἐς τὰ Λερναῖα.
Two coordinated clauses: a locative ἐν-phrase with an omitted/understood copular subject ἱερόν, followed by the coordinated historical clause. In the second clause, τὰ ἔτι ἀρχαιότερα is substantivized neuter plural accusative, with παρὰ τῆς θεοῦ expressing source and πῦρ as the object of ἐπήγοντο; Πυρωνίας is treated as a genitive place-name dependent on ἱερόν, though the local name’s exact syntax is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 Κράθιδι | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἱερόν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Κράθιδι | det | high | |
| 4 | Κράθιδι | Κράθις | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἱερόν | obl | medium | Locative place-name in the ἐν-phrase. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὄρει | det | high | |
| 6 | ὄρει | ὄρος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 Κράθιδι | appos | medium | Appositional specification of Κράθιδι. |
| 7 | Πυρωνίας | Πυρωνία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἱερόν | nmod | low | Genitive place-name; exact attachment/semantic relation is uncertain. |
| 8 | ἱερόν | ἱερός | NOUN | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, subject of ἐστιν. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Possessive/genitive dependent of ἱερόν. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἐπήγοντο | cc | high | |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἀρχαιότερα | det | high | Article with substantivized adjective. |
| 14 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 ἀρχαιότερα | advmod | high | |
| 15 | ἀρχαιότερα | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-NPN-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἐπήγοντο | obj | low | Substantivized neuter plural; form is nominative, although accusative is expected semantically with ἐπήγοντο. Textual/case irregularity or attraction is possible. |
| 16 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 18 θεοῦ | case | high | With genitive, source/from. |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 18 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπήγοντο | obl | high | |
| 19 | ταύτης | οὗτος | DET | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 θεοῦ | det | high | Demonstrative agreeing with θεοῦ. |
| 20 | ἐπήγοντο | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 9 ἐστιν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; middle voice can be rendered ‘they brought/conveyed for themselves’. |
| 21 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἐπήγοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | πῦρ | πῦρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπήγοντο | obj | high | |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 25 Λερναῖα | case | high | |
| 24 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 Λερναῖα | det | high | |
| 25 | Λερναῖα | Λερναῖος | PROPN | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἐπήγοντο | obl | high | Substantivized festival/ritual name, object of εἰς. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high |