Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.16.2

← 8.16.1 8.16.3 →

Passage 8.16.2

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2sentences parsed

115Greek tokens

2,199input tokens

7,944output tokens

Sentence 1

8.16.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 43
Input: 968
Output: 2,886
Total: 3,854

Τρικρήνων δὲ οὐ πόρρω ἄλλο ἐστὶν ὄρος Σηπία, καὶ Αἰπύτῳ τῷ Ἐλάτου λέγουσιν ἐνταῦθα γενέσθαι τὴν τελευτὴν ἐκ τοῦ ὄφεως, καί οἱ καὶ τὸν τάφον ἐποίησαν αὐτόθι· οὐ γὰρ οἷά τε ἦν σφισιν ἐς τὸ πρόσω φέρειν τὸν νεκρόν.

Mixed parataxis: first clause with existential ἐστίν, then reported speech with infinitive γενέσθαι, and a final causal clause with οἷά τε ἦν + infinitive φέρειν; some attachment of particles and the appositive/toponymic phrases is uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Τρικρήνων	Τρικρήν	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur	4 πόρρω	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on πόρρω.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	6 ἐστὶν	discourse	high	Postpositive particle.
3	οὐ	οὐ	PART	_	_	4 πόρρω	advmod	high	Negates πόρρω.
4	πόρρω	πόρρω	ADV	_	_	6 ἐστὶν	advmod	high	Adverbial modifier of ἐστίν.
5	ἄλλο	ἄλλος	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ὄρος	amod	high	Attributive to ὄρος.
6	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	AUX	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main copular/existential predicate.
7	ὄρος	ὄρος	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 ἐστὶν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐστίν.
8	Σηπία	Σηπία	PROPN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ὄρος	appos	medium	Likely apposition or epithet of ὄρος.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἐστὶν	punct	high	Punctuation.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	14 λέγουσιν	cc	high	Links coordinated clause.
11	Αἰπύτῳ	Αἴπυτος	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 γενέσθαι	obl	high	Dative of person associated with reported event.
12	τῷ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 Ἐλάτου	det	high	Article with Ἐλάτου.
13	Ἐλάτου	Ἐλάτος	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 Αἰπύτῳ	appos	medium	Genitive apposition or patronymic to Αἰπύτῳ.
14	λέγουσιν	λέγω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	6 ἐστὶν	conj	high	Coordinated finite verb with reported infinitive complement.
15	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνταῦθα	ADV	_	_	16 γενέσθαι	advmod	high	Adverbial modifier of γενέσθαι.
16	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	_	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	14 λέγουσιν	xcomp	high	Complement of λέγουσιν.
17	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 τελευτὴν	det	high	Article with τελευτήν.
18	τελευτὴν	τελευτή	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 γενέσθαι	obj	high	Object/complement within infinitival clause.
19	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	_	_	21 ὄφεως	case	high	Preposition governing ὄφεως.
20	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 ὄφεως	det	high	Article with ὄφεως.
21	ὄφεως	ὄφις	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 τελευτὴν	nmod	high	Genitive complement of ἐκ modifying τελευτήν.
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 λέγουσιν	punct	high	Punctuation.
23	καί	καί	CCONJ	_	_	28 ἐποίησαν	cc	high	Coordinates another finite clause.
24	οἱ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	28 ἐποίησαν	nsubj	medium	Likely article used substantively, 'they'.
25	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	28 ἐποίησαν	cc	medium	Probably emphatic/coordinating καί before object.
26	τὸν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	27 τάφον	det	high	Article with τάφον.
27	τάφον	τάφος	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 ἐποίησαν	obj	high	Direct object of ἐποίησαν.
28	ἐποίησαν	ποιέω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	14 λέγουσιν	conj	high	Coordinated finite verb.
29	αὐτόθι	αὐτόθι	ADV	_	_	28 ἐποίησαν	advmod	high	Locative adverb modifying ἐποίησαν.
30	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	28 ἐποίησαν	punct	high	Punctuation.
31	οὐ	οὐ	PART	_	_	35 ἦν	advmod	high	Negation of ἦν.
32	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	_	_	35 ἦν	discourse	high	Explanatory particle.
33	οἷά	οἷος	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	35 ἦν	xcomp	medium	Predicative/adjectival complement with τε ἦν; syntax somewhat uncertain.
34	τε	τε	PART	_	_	33 οἷά	discourse	medium	Enclitic particle with οἷά.
35	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Root of final clause.
36	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	_	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	35 ἦν	obl	high	Dative of interest/possession with ἦν.
37	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	_	39 πρόσω	case	high	Preposition governing πρόσω.
38	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	39 πρόσω	det	high	Article with πρόσω.
39	πρόσω	πρόσω	ADV	_	_	40 φέρειν	obl	high	Directional adverb used with ἐς.
40	φέρειν	φέρω	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	35 ἦν	ccomp	high	Infinitival complement of ἦν.
41	τὸν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	42 νεκρόν	det	high	Article with νεκρόν.
42	νεκρόν	νεκρός	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	40 φέρειν	obj	high	Object of φέρειν.
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	35 ἦν	punct	high	Punctuation.

Sentence 2

8.16.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 72
Input: 1,231
Output: 5,058
Total: 6,289

τούτους οἱ Ἀρκάδες τοὺς ὄφεις γίνεσθαι καὶ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἔτι ἐν τῷ ὄρει φασίν, οὐ μέντοι πολλούς γε ἀλλὰ καὶ μάλιστα σπανίους· ἅτε γὰρ τοῦ ἔτους τὸ πολὺ νειφομένου τοῦ ὄρους, οἵ τε ἀποληφθέντες τῶν φωλεῶν ἐκτὸς ὑπὸ τῆς χιόνος διαφθείρονται, καὶ ἢν πρότερον καταφυγόντες τύχωσιν ἐς τὰ φωλεά, ὅμως ἡ χιὼν μέρος τι αὐτῶν ἀπόλλυσιν, ἅτε καὶ ἐς αὐτὰ τὰ φωλεὰ καθικνουμένου τοῦ κρυμοῦ.

The passage has several participial/genitive-absolute constructions and indirect statement with accusative + infinitive; attachment of ἐφʼ ἡμῶν is somewhat interpretive but kept with the locative phrase.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τούτους	οὗτος	PRON	P-D---AM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Dem	6 γίνεσθαι	obj	high	Object of γίνεσθαι in indirect statement.
2	οἱ	ὁ	DET	l-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	3 Ἀρκάδες	det	high	Article with Ἀρκάδες.
3	Ἀρκάδες	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	n-p---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 φασίν	nsubj	high	Subject of φασίν.
4	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	l-p---AM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	5 ὄφεις	det	high	Article with ὄφεις.
5	ὄφεις	ὄφις	NOUN	n-p---AM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 γίνεσθαι	xcomp	high	Accusative subject/object of indirect statement with γίνεσθαι.
6	γίνεσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	v--pnem---	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	14 φασίν	xcomp	high	Complement of φασίν.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	10 ἔτι	cc	high	Connects ἐφʼ ἡμῶν and ἔτι.
8	ἐφʼ	ἐπί	ADP	r--------	_	9 ἡμῶν	case	high	Preposition with genitive.
9	ἡμῶν	ἐγώ	PRON	p-p---NG-	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	13 ὄρει	obl	high	Governed by ἐν τῷ ὄρει, with ἐφʼ ἡμῶν as adverbial locative/temporal phrase.
10	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	d--------	_	14 φασίν	advmod	high	Adverb modifying φασίν.
11	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	r--------	_	13 ὄρει	case	high	Preposition.
12	τῷ	ὁ	DET	l-S---ND-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	13 ὄρει	det	high	Article with ὄρει.
13	ὄρει	ὄρος	NOUN	n-s---ND-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 φασίν	obl	high	Locative complement of φασίν.
14	φασίν	φημί	VERB	v3ppia---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 φασίν	punct	high	Punctuation.
16	οὐ	οὐ	PART	d--------	_	23 σπανίους	advmod	high	Negates the following predicate.
17	μέντοι	μέντοι	PART	d--------	_	23 σπανίους	discourse	high	Discourse particle.
18	πολλούς	πολύς	ADJ	a-p---AM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	23 σπανίους	amod	high	Predicate adjective modifying implied ὄφεις.
19	γε	γε	PART	d--------	_	18 πολλούς	discourse	high	Enclitic particle.
20	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	c--------	_	23 σπανίους	cc	high	Adversative coordinator.
21	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	22 μάλιστα	cc	high	Coordinates with μάλιστα.
22	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	d--------	_	23 σπανίους	advmod	high	Degree adverb.
23	σπανίους	σπάνιος	ADJ	a-p---AM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 φασίν	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective coordinated with πολλούς.
24	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	14 φασίν	punct	high	Punctuation.
25	ἅτε	ἅτε	SCONJ	s--------	_	44 διαφθείρονται	mark	high	Causal/attendant clause marker.
26	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	d--------	_	44 διαφθείρονται	discourse	high	Postpositive explanatory particle.
27	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	l-S---NG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	28 ἔτους	det	high	Article with ἔτους.
28	ἔτους	ἔτος	NOUN	n-s---NG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	31 νειφομένου	obl	high	Genitive absolute with νειφομένου.
29	τὸ	ὁ	DET	l-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	30 πολὺ	det	high	Article with πολὺ.
30	πολὺ	πολύς	ADJ	a-s---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	31 νειφομένου	obj	medium	Likely adverbial/accusative of extent with νειφομένου; parsed as part of the genitive absolute.
31	νειφομένου	νείφω	VERB	v-sppmg---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	44 διαφθείρονται	advcl	high	Genitive absolute participle.
32	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	l-S---NG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	33 ὄρους	det	high	Article with ὄρους.
33	ὄρους	ὄρος	NOUN	n-s---NG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	31 νειφομένου	nsubj	high	Subject of the genitive absolute.
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	44 διαφθείρονται	punct	high	Punctuation.
35	οἵ	ὅς	PRON	p-p---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	44 διαφθείρονται	nsubj:pass	high	Relative pronoun, subject of διαφθείρονται.
36	τε	τε	PART	d--------	_	35 οἵ	discourse	high	Enclitic connective particle.
37	ἀποληφθέντες	ἀπολείπω	VERB	v-papamn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	44 διαφθείρονται	advcl	high	Participial circumstance modifying the subject.
38	τῶν	ὁ	DET	l-P---NG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	39 φωλεῶν	det	high	Article with φωλεῶν.
39	φωλεῶν	φωλεός	NOUN	n-p---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	40 ἐκτὸς	nmod	high	Complement of ἐκτὸς.
40	ἐκτὸς	ἐκτός	ADV	d--------	_	44 διαφθείρονται	advmod	high	Adverbial modifier.
41	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	r--------	_	43 χιόνος	case	high	Preposition with genitive.
42	τῆς	ὁ	DET	l-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	43 χιόνος	det	high	Article with χιόνος.
43	χιόνος	χιών	NOUN	n-s---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	44 διαφθείρονται	obl	high	Agent/instrument phrase with διαφθείρονται.
44	διαφθείρονται	διαφθείρω	VERB	v3ppip---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	14 φασίν	parataxis	high	Main verb of causal clause.
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	44 διαφθείρονται	punct	high	Punctuation.
46	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	61 ἀπόλλυσιν	cc	high	Coordinates the second causal clause.
47	ἢν	ἐάν	SCONJ	c--------	_	50 τύχωσιν	mark	high	Conditional particle.
48	πρότερον	πρότερον	ADV	d--------	_	49 καταφυγόντες	advmod	high	Adverb modifying καταφυγόντες.
49	καταφυγόντες	καταφεύγω	VERB	v-papamn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	50 τύχωσιν	advcl	high	Participial clause within the condition.
50	τύχωσιν	τυγχάνω	VERB	v3ppsa---	Mood=Sub\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	61 ἀπόλλυσιν	advcl	high	Verb of the conditional clause.
51	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	r--------	_	53 φωλεά	case	high	Preposition with accusative.
52	τὰ	ὁ	DET	l-P---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	53 φωλεά	det	high	Article with φωλεά.
53	φωλεά	φωλεός	NOUN	n-p---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	50 τύχωσιν	obl	high	Goal of ἐς.
54	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	50 τύχωσιν	punct	high	Punctuation.
55	ὅμως	ὅμως	ADV	d--------	_	61 ἀπόλλυσιν	advmod	high	Concessive adverb.
56	ἡ	ὁ	DET	l-S---FN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	57 χιὼν	det	high	Article with χιὼν.
57	χιὼν	χιών	NOUN	n-s---FN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	61 ἀπόλλυσιν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἀπόλλυσιν.
58	μέρος	μέρος	NOUN	n-s---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	61 ἀπόλλυσιν	obj	high	Direct object.
59	τι	τις	PRON	p-s---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	58 μέρος	det	high	Indefinite modifier of μέρος.
60	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	p-p---NG-	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	58 μέρος	nmod	high	Partitive genitive dependent on μέρος.
61	ἀπόλλυσιν	ἀπόλλυμι	VERB	v3ppia---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	14 φασίν	parataxis	high	Main verb of the third clause.
62	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	61 ἀπόλλυσιν	punct	high	Punctuation.
63	ἅτε	ἅτε	SCONJ	s--------	_	69 καθικνουμένου	mark	high	Causal/attendant clause marker.
64	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	c--------	_	65 ἐς	cc	high	Coordinates within the subordinate clause.
65	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	r--------	_	68 φωλεὰ	case	high	Preposition with accusative.
66	αὐτὰ	αὐτός	DET	a-p---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	68 φωλεὰ	det	high	Modifier of φωλεά.
67	τὰ	ὁ	DET	l-P---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	68 φωλεὰ	det	high	Article with φωλεά.
68	φωλεὰ	φωλεός	NOUN	n-p---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	69 καθικνουμένου	obl	high	Goal phrase of καθικνουμένου.
69	καθικνουμένου	καθικνέομαι	VERB	v-sppmg---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	61 ἀπόλλυσιν	advcl	high	Genitive absolute participle.
70	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	l-S---NG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	71 κρυμοῦ	det	high	Article with κρυμοῦ.
71	κρυμοῦ	κρυμός	NOUN	n-s---NG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	69 καθικνουμένου	nsubj	high	Subject of the genitive absolute.
72	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	14 φασίν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

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