Grammar parses for passage 8.16.4
Open translation for this passage
τάφους δὲ ἀξίους θαύματος ἐπιστάμενος πολλοὺς δυοῖν ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐπιμνησθήσομαι, τοῦ τε ἐν Ἁλικαρνασσῷ καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἑβραίων.
The participle ἐπιστάμενος is circumstantial with the first-person future ἐπιμνησθήσομαι; τάφους πολλούς is its object, with ἀξίους θαύματος predicative/attributive. τοῦ ... καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἑβραίων are genitive substantive references to two tombs; Ἑβραίων is a substantivized genitive plural, with the implied noun (γῇ/χώρᾳ) omitted and uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τάφους | τάφος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐπιμνησθήσομαι | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἐπιμνησθήσομαι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀξίους | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 τάφους | amod | medium | Agrees with τάφους; may be read predicatively. |
| 4 | θαύματος | θαῦμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἀξίους | nmod | high | Genitive of relation with ἀξίους. |
| 5 | ἐπιστάμενος | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V-PMPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 ἐπιμνησθήσομαι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with the implied first-person subject. |
| 6 | πολλοὺς | πολύς | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 τάφους | amod | high | |
| 7 | δυοῖν | δύο | NUM | N-GD | Case=Gen|Number=Dual | 9 αὐτῶν | nummod | medium | Dual genitive; modifies the implied/elliptical referent of αὐτῶν or the phrase ἐξ αὐτῶν. |
| 8 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 9 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐπιμνησθήσομαι | obl | medium | ἐξ αὐτῶν means ‘of/from them’; δυοῖν specifies two. |
| 10 | ἐπιμνησθήσομαι | ἐπιμιμνήσκομαι | VERB | V-FMI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπιμνησθήσομαι | punct | high | |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπιμνησθήσομαι | obl | medium | Substantive article introducing the first of the two tomb references; elliptical τάφου. |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 τοῦ | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 Ἁλικαρνασσῷ | case | high | |
| 15 | Ἁλικαρνασσῷ | Ἁλικαρνασσός | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 τοῦ | nmod | high | Place name governed by ἐν. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἐν | cc | high | Coordinates the two ἐν-phrases. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 Ἑβραίων | case | high | |
| 18 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 Ἑβραίων | det | medium | Article with an elliptical feminine place noun before the genitive ethnonym. |
| 19 | Ἑβραίων | Ἑβραῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 τοῦ | nmod | low | Substantivized genitive plural, likely ‘[land/country] of the Hebrews’; the article and elliptical noun make the exact attachment uncertain. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπιμνησθήσομαι | punct | high |
ὁ μὲν δὴ ἐν Ἁλικαρνασσῷ Μαυσώλῳ βασιλεύσαντι Ἁλικαρνασσέων πεποίηται, μέγεθος δὲ οὕτω δή τί ἐστι μέγας καὶ ἐς κατασκευὴν περίβλεπτος τὴν πᾶσαν, ὥστε καὶ Ῥωμαῖοι μεγάλως δή τι αὐτὸν θαυμάζοντες τὰ παρὰ σφίσιν ἐπιφανῆ μνήματα Μαυσώλεια ὀνομάζουσιν·
The first clause is a passive/perfect description of the monument made for Mausolus; μέγεθος is a nominative predicate/subject of ἐστι, with coordinated predicates μέγας and περίβλεπτος. The ὥστε clause gives the result that Romans call such conspicuous tombs Mausolea. The attachment of the dative Μαυσώλῳ and βασιλεύσαντι is somewhat compressed and treated as the beneficiary and agreeing participle respectively.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-dsm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 πεποίηται | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 9 πεποίηται | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Df | _ | 9 πεποίηται | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 5 Ἁλικαρνασσῷ | case | high | |
| 5 | Ἁλικαρνασσῷ | Ἁλικαρνασσός | PROPN | Neos | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 βασιλεύσαντι | obl | high | |
| 6 | Μαυσώλῳ | Μαύσωλος | PROPN | Neos | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 βασιλεύσαντι | iobj | medium | Dative of beneficiary/reference with πεποίηται; syntactically compressed. |
| 7 | βασιλεύσαντι | βασιλεύω | VERB | V--sapmnd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 Μαυσώλῳ | acl | medium | Aorist participle agrees with Μαυσώλῳ. |
| 8 | Ἁλικαρνασσέων | Ἁλικαρνασσεύς | PROPN | N--gpm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 βασιλεύσαντι | obl | medium | Genitive associated with βασιλεύσαντι: king of the Halicarnassians. |
| 9 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V3RASM-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle/passive perfect, ‘has been made’. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | U | _ | 9 πεποίηται | punct | high | |
| 11 | μέγεθος | μέγεθος | NOUN | N--nsn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐστι | nsubj | medium | Nominative subject/predicative nominal of ἐστι. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐστι | cc | high | |
| 13 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 μέγας | advmod | high | |
| 14 | δή | δή | PART | Df | _ | 13 οὕτω | discourse | high | |
| 15 | τί | τις | PRON | P---nsn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 17 μέγας | advmod | medium | Enclitic indefinite used adverbially, ‘in some degree/indeed’. |
| 16 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin | 9 πεποίηται | conj | high | |
| 17 | μέγας | μέγας | ADJ | A--nsn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 περίβλεπτος | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 20 κατασκευὴν | case | high | |
| 20 | κατασκευὴν | κατασκευή | NOUN | N--asf- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 περίβλεπτος | obl | high | Accusative of respect. |
| 21 | περίβλεπτος | περίβλεπτος | ADJ | A--nsn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐστι | conj | high | Coordinated predicate adjective. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 πᾶσαν | det | high | |
| 23 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A--asf- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 κατασκευὴν | amod | high | With κατασκευήν: the whole construction. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | U | _ | 16 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 25 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 39 ὀνομάζουσιν | mark | high | Introduces a result clause. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 Ῥωμαῖοι | advmod | high | Inclusive adverbial καί. |
| 27 | Ῥωμαῖοι | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N--npm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 ὀνομάζουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 28 | μεγάλως | μεγάλως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 32 θαυμάζοντες | advmod | high | |
| 29 | δή | δή | PART | Df | _ | 28 μεγάλως | discourse | high | |
| 30 | τι | τις | PRON | P---asn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 28 μεγάλως | advmod | medium | Enclitic indefinite used adverbially with μεγάλως. |
| 31 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P--asm- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 32 θαυμάζοντες | obj | high | Object of θαυμάζοντες. |
| 32 | θαυμάζοντες | θαυμάζω | VERB | V--papnm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 39 ὀνομάζουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying Ῥωμαῖοι. |
| 33 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--apn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 36 ἐπιφανῆ | det | high | |
| 34 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R | _ | 35 σφίσιν | case | high | |
| 35 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---dp- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 36 ἐπιφανῆ | obl | high | Reflexive/third-person plural pronoun, ‘among them/their own’. |
| 36 | ἐπιφανῆ | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A--apn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 37 μνήματα | amod | high | |
| 37 | μνήματα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N--apn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 39 ὀνομάζουσιν | obj | high | Object of ὀνομάζουσιν. |
| 38 | Μαυσώλεια | Μαυσώλειον | NOUN | N--apn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 39 ὀνομάζουσιν | xcomp | high | Object complement/predicate accusative: call them Mausolea. |
| 39 | ὀνομάζουσιν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V3PPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 16 ἐστι | advcl | high | Finite verb of the ὥστε result clause. |
| 40 | · | · | PUNCT | U | _ | 9 πεποίηται | punct | high |