Grammar parses for passage 8.16.5
Open translation for this passage
Ἑβραίοις δὲ Ἑλένης γυναικὸς ἐπιχωρίας τάφος ἐστὶν ἐν πόλει Σολύμοις, ἣν ἐς ἔδαφος κατέβαλεν ὁ Ῥωμαίων βασιλεύς.
Main clause is nominal (τάφος ἐστίν) with a locative PP; the relative clause ἣν ἐς ἔδαφος κατέβαλεν ὁ Ῥωμαίων βασιλεύς modifies the place noun, though the antecedent is somewhat context-sensitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἑβραίοις | Ἑβραῖος | ADJ | A--dpm- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 τάφος | amod | high | Dative plural modifying τάφος; substantivized/ethnic adjective. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 τάφος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Ἑλένης | Ἑλένη | PROPN | N-sf---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 γυναικὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of γυναικός. |
| 4 | γυναικὸς | γυνή | NOUN | N-sf---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 τάφος | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of τάφος. |
| 5 | ἐπιχωρίας | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A-sf---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 γυναικὸς | amod | high | Agrees with γυναικός. |
| 6 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate noun with ἐστίν. |
| 7 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 τάφος | cop | high | Copula for nominal clause. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 πόλει | case | high | Introduces locative PP. |
| 9 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-sf---d- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 τάφος | obl | high | Locative oblique dependent of τάφος. |
| 10 | Σολύμοις | Σόλυμοι | PROPN | N-p---d- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 πόλει | nmod | medium | Likely place name in dative after πόλει. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κατέβαλεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | Pd-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 κατέβαλεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to πόλιν/πόλει. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 ἔδαφος | case | high | Preposition with ἔδαφος. |
| 14 | ἔδαφος | ἔδαφος | NOUN | N-s---an- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 κατέβαλεν | obl | high | Directional oblique with κατέβαλεν. |
| 15 | κατέβαλεν | καταβάλλω | VERB | V3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 τάφος | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb in relative clause modifying πόλει/πόλιν. |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 βασιλεύς | det | high | Definite article modifying βασιλεύς. |
| 17 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | A-p---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 βασιλεύς | amod | high | Genitive plural modifying βασιλεύς. |
| 18 | βασιλεύς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 κατέβαλεν | nsubj | high | Subject of κατέβαλεν. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 τάφος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
μεμηχάνηται δὲ ἐν τῷ τάφῳ τὴν θύραν, ὁμοίως παντὶ οὖσαν τῷ τάφῳ λιθίνην, μὴ πρότερον ἀνοίγεσθαι, πρὶν ἂν ἡμέραν τε ἀεὶ καὶ ὥραν τὸ ἔτος ἐπαγάγῃ τὴν αὐτήν· τότε δὲ ὑπὸ μόνου τοῦ μηχανήματος ἀνοιχθεῖσα καὶ οὐ πολὺ ἐπισχοῦσα συνεκλείσθη διʼ ἑαυτῆς.
The sentence contains compressed infinitival and temporal clauses; the comparative/participial phrase around ὁμοίως παντὶ οὖσαν τῷ τάφῳ λιθίνην is syntactically uncertain, so 11–13 are attached conservatively.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μεμηχάνηται | μηχανάομαι | VERB | V-3SRP-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite perfect middle/passive form, main predicate. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 μεμηχάνηται | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 5 τάφῳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 τάφῳ | det | high | Article with τάφῳ. |
| 5 | τάφῳ | τάφος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 μεμηχάνηται | obl | high | Prepositional oblique with ἐν. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 θύραν | det | high | Article with θύραν. |
| 7 | θύραν | θύρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 μεμηχάνηται | obj | high | Direct object of μεμηχάνηται in the understood passive construction. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 μεμηχάνηται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | D | _ | 1 μεμηχάνηται | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the predicate/clausal description. |
| 10 | παντὶ | πᾶς | DET | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τάφῳ | det | medium | Likely modifier of τῷ τάφῳ as part of comparative phrase. |
| 11 | οὖσαν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 θύραν | advcl | medium | Participial clause agreeing with θύραν; exact attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 τάφῳ | det | high | Article with τάφῳ. |
| 13 | τάφῳ | τάφος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 οὖσαν | obl | medium | Dative complement in the participial phrase. |
| 14 | λιθίνην | λιθίνης | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 θύραν | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of θύραν. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 μεμηχάνηται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | μὴ | μή | PART | G | _ | 18 ἀνοίγεσθαι | advmod | high | Negator with infinitive. |
| 17 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D | _ | 18 ἀνοίγεσθαι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀνοίγεσθαι. |
| 18 | ἀνοίγεσθαι | ἀνοίγω | VERB | V-PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 1 μεμηχάνηται | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on the main predicate. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀνοίγεσθαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | G | _ | 29 ἐπαγάγῃ | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction. |
| 21 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | G | _ | 29 ἐπαγάγῃ | advmod | high | Modal particle with subjunctive in temporal clause. |
| 22 | ἡμέραν | ἡμέρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπαγάγῃ | obj | medium | Accusative object in the temporal expression; construction is idiomatic/uncertain. |
| 23 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 22 ἡμέραν | cc | high | Enclitic connective with ἀεί. |
| 24 | ἀεὶ | ἀεί | ADV | D | _ | 22 ἡμέραν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἡμέραν. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G | _ | 26 ὥραν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 26 | ὥραν | ὥρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἡμέραν | conj | high | Conjunct with ἡμέραν. |
| 27 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 ἔτος | det | high | Article with ἔτος. |
| 28 | ἔτος | ἔτος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπαγάγῃ | obj | high | Object of ἐπαγάγῃ. |
| 29 | ἐπαγάγῃ | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-3SAAS | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 ἀνοίγεσθαι | advcl | high | Subordinate temporal clause with πρὶν ἄν. |
| 30 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 αὐτήν | det | high | Article with αὐτήν. |
| 31 | αὐτήν | αὐτός | PRON | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπαγάγῃ | obj | medium | Likely object referring to the same day/hour pattern; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 μεμηχάνηται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 33 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D | _ | 44 συνεκλείσθη | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying συνεκλείσθη. |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 44 συνεκλείσθη | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 35 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R | _ | 38 μηχανήματος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 36 | μόνου | μόνος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 μηχανήματος | amod | high | Modifier of μηχανήματος. |
| 37 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 38 μηχανήματος | det | high | Article with μηχανήματος. |
| 38 | μηχανήματος | μηχάνημα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 44 συνεκλείσθη | obl | high | Agentive oblique with ὑπό. |
| 39 | ἀνοιχθεῖσα | ἀνοίγω | VERB | V-APP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 44 συνεκλείσθη | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying συνεκλείσθη. |
| 40 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G | _ | 39 ἀνοιχθεῖσα | cc | high | Coordination within participial phrase. |
| 41 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | G | _ | 43 ἐπισχοῦσα | advmod | high | Negator with participle. |
| 42 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 43 ἐπισχοῦσα | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative modifying ἐπισχοῦσα; could also be treated as adverbial in sense. |
| 43 | ἐπισχοῦσα | ἐπέχω | VERB | V-AAP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 44 συνεκλείσθη | advcl | high | Participial clause coordinated with ἀνοιχθεῖσα. |
| 44 | συνεκλείσθη | συγκλείω | VERB | V-3SAPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of the second clause. |
| 45 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 46 ἑαυτῆς | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 46 | ἑαυτῆς | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | X-REFL | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 συνεκλείσθη | obl | high | Reflexive oblique with διά, referring back to θύρα. |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 44 συνεκλείσθη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τοῦτον μὲν δὴ οὕτω, τὸν δὲ ἄλλον χρόνον ἀνοῖξαι πειρώμενος ἀνοίξαις μὲν οὐκ ἄν, κατάξεις δὲ αὐτὴν πρότερον βιαζόμενος.
The sentence is correlative and somewhat elliptical, with two main verbal centers (ἀνοῖξαι and κατάξεις) and participial modifiers; token 12 is morphologically ambiguous in isolation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-Asm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 10 ἀνοῖξαι | obj | high | Object of ἀνοῖξαι. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 1 τοῦτον | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G--------- | _ | 1 τοῦτον | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 ἀνοῖξαι | advmod | high | Modifies ἀνοῖξαι. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀνοῖξαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 χρόνον | det | high | Article with χρόνον. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G--------- | _ | 10 ἀνοῖξαι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 8 | ἄλλον | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 χρόνον | amod | high | Attributive modifier of χρόνον. |
| 9 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνοῖξαι | obl | high | Accusative of time extent with infinitive. |
| 10 | ἀνοῖξαι | ἀνοίγω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verbal head; governs the infinitival phrase. |
| 11 | πειρώμενος | πείρομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 ἀνοῖξαι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the infinitive. |
| 12 | ἀνοίξαις | ἀνοίγω | VERB | V-AAO-2S | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 κατάξεις | advcl | low | Form is morphologically ambiguous; taken as complementary infinitive dependent on κατάξεις with implied ability/attempt construction. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 12 ἀνοίξαις | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 14 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | G--------- | _ | 15 ἄν | advmod | high | Negation with ἄν. |
| 15 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | G--------- | _ | 17 κατάξεις | advmod | high | Modal particle with finite verb. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 κατάξεις | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | κατάξεις | κατάγω | VERB | V-FAI-2S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main predication, coordinated/elliptical with the first. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G--------- | _ | 17 κατάξεις | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 19 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 κατάξεις | obj | high | Object of κατάξεις. |
| 20 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D--------- | _ | 17 κατάξεις | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 21 | βιαζόμενος | βιάζω | VERB | V-PMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 17 κατάξεις | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying κατάξεις. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 κατάξεις | punct | high | Punctuation. |