Grammar parses for passage 8.17.2
Open translation for this passage
τοῖς δὲ ἀνθρώποις τὸ ἀρχαῖον, ὁπόσα καὶ ἡμεῖς καταμαθεῖν ἐδυνήθημεν, τοσάδε ἦν ἀφʼ ὧν τὰ ξόανα ἐποιοῦντο, ἔβενος, κυπάρισσος, αἱ κέδροι, τὰ δρύινα, ἡ μῖλαξ, ὁ λωτός·
τοσάδε ἦν is the nominal predicate ('there were so many kinds/materials'); ὁπόσα...ἐδυνήθημεν is a parenthetical relative clause, and ἀφʼ ὧν introduces the materials from which the ξόανα were made. The final nouns form an appositional/list complement to τοσάδε, with some ellipsis in the coordination.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | P---DAT-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀνθρώποις | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἦν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀνθρώποις | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N--DPM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἦν | iobj | medium | Dative of reference: 'for human beings'. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P---NAS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A--NAS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἦν | advmod | medium | Substantivized temporal accusative, 'in ancient times'. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | P--NNA-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 καταμαθεῖν | obj | medium | Relative quantity pronoun, object of καταμαθεῖν. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἡμεῖς | cc | medium | Connective/emphatic καί. |
| 9 | ἡμεῖς | ἐγώ | PRON | P--1NP--- | Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1 | 11 ἐδυνήθημεν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | καταμαθεῖν | καταμανθάνω | VERB | V--ANA--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 ἐδυνήθημεν | xcomp | high | |
| 11 | ἐδυνήθημεν | δύναμαι | VERB | V--API-1P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 14 ἦν | acl:relcl | medium | Aorist passive-form verb used deponently/with active meaning; relative predicate for ὁπόσα. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐδυνήθημεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | τοσάδε | τοσόσδε | PRON | P--NNA--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἦν | nsubj | high | Correlative nominal subject, 'so many [things]'; agrees with plural neuter sense. |
| 14 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Singular verb with neuter plural subject, standard Greek agreement. |
| 15 | ἀφʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 ὧν | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό. |
| 16 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | P--GPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 ἐποιοῦντο | obl | high | Object of ἀπό; 'from which'. |
| 17 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P---NPA-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ξόανα | det | high | |
| 18 | ξόανα | ξόανον | NOUN | N--NPN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 ἐποιοῦντο | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | ἐποιοῦντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-IPI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 14 ἦν | acl | medium | Middle/passive form, plausibly 'were made'; relative-like clause dependent on the material statement. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐποιοῦντο | punct | high | |
| 21 | ἔβενος | ἔβενος | NOUN | N--NSF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 τοσάδε | appos | medium | First item in the material list; lexical gender/number and ellipsis make exact syntactic attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔβενος | punct | high | |
| 23 | κυπάρισσος | κυπάρισσος | NOUN | N--NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τοσάδε | appos | medium | List item in apposition to τοσάδε, with ellipsis. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 κυπάρισσος | punct | high | |
| 25 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NNP-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 κέδροι | det | high | |
| 26 | κέδροι | κέδρος | NOUN | N--NNP--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 τοσάδε | appos | medium | List item; plural form reflects the species/tree term. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 κέδροι | punct | high | |
| 28 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P---NPA-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 δρύινα | det | high | |
| 29 | δρύινα | δρύινος | ADJ | A--NPA-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 τοσάδε | appos | medium | Substantivized adjective, 'oak [wood/things]'. |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 δρύινα | punct | high | |
| 31 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | P---NSF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 μῖλαξ | det | high | |
| 32 | μῖλαξ | μῖλαξ | NOUN | N--NSF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 τοσάδε | appos | medium | List item in apposition, with ellipsis. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 μῖλαξ | punct | high | |
| 34 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P---NSM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 λωτός | det | high | |
| 35 | λωτός | λωτός | NOUN | N--NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τοσάδε | appos | medium | Final list item in apposition, with ellipsis. |
| 36 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἦν | punct | high |
τῷ δὲ Ἑρμῇ τῷ Κυλληνίῳ τούτων μὲν ἀπὸ οὐδενός, θύου δὲ πεποιημένον τὸ ἄγαλμά ἐστιν, ὀκτὼ δὲ εἶναι ποδῶν μάλιστα αὐτὸ εἰκάζομεν.
The sentence has a dative topic ‘for Hermes’; τὸ ἄγαλμα is the subject of ἐστιν with πεποιημένον as a predicate participle, while θύου is an elliptical genitive absolute-like phrase (‘[made] of a sacrifice/offerings’), syntactically uncertain. The final clause has an accusative-and-infinitive construction dependent on εἰκάζομεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | D-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἑρμῇ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 Ἑρμῇ | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἑρμῇ | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐστιν | iobj | high | Dative of reference/topic. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | D-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Κυλληνίῳ | det | high | |
| 5 | Κυλληνίῳ | Κυλλήνιος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἑρμῇ | amod | high | Epithet of Hermes. |
| 6 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | D-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 οὐδενός | nmod | medium | Genitive with οὐδενός; exact scope is somewhat elliptical. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 τούτων | discourse | high | Correlative μὲν ... δέ. |
| 8 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 9 οὐδενός | case | high | |
| 9 | οὐδενός | οὐδείς | PRON | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐστιν | obl | medium | ἀπὸ οὐδενός means ‘from none/nothing’; coordinated contrast with the following δέ-clause. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | θύου | θύω | VERB | V-PAP-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 πεποιημένον | obl | low | Form is morphologically ambiguous; taken as genitive singular neuter present participle, in an elliptical/uncertain construction. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 13 | πεποιημένον | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate participle agreeing with τὸ ἄγαλμα; middle/passive interpretation. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | D-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἄγαλμά | det | high | |
| 15 | ἄγαλμά | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 18 | ὀκτὼ | ὀκτώ | NUM | NUM | NumType=Card | 21 ποδῶν | nummod | high | |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 εἰκάζομεν | cc | high | Connects the estimation clause. |
| 20 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PXN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 24 εἰκάζομεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 21 | ποδῶν | πούς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 εἶναι | obl | high | Partitive/measure genitive with ὀκτώ. |
| 22 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV | Degree=Sup | 18 ὀκτὼ | advmod | high | |
| 23 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 20 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 24 | εἰκάζομεν | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-PAI-1P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 16 ἐστιν | parataxis | high | Main verb of the final estimation clause. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 εἰκάζομεν | punct | high |