Grammar parses for passage 8.17.3
Open translation for this passage
παρέχεται δὲ καὶ θαῦμα τοιόνδε ἡ Κυλλήνη· κόσσυφοι γὰρ οἱ ὄρνιθες ὁλόλευκοί εἰσιν ἐν αὐτῇ·
The sentence has two coordinated clauses: παρέχεται governs θαῦμα with τοιόνδε as its predicative/qualifying modifier and Κυλλήνη as subject; κόσσυφοι οἱ ὄρνιθες is an appositional naming construction, with ὁλόλευκοι as predicate adjective of εἰσιν. The punctuation mark at token 8 separates the clauses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V3SPI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 4 θαῦμα | acl:relcl | medium | Middle/passive form; construed impersonally or with θαῦμα as the subject and Κυλλήνη as a delayed subject-like complement. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 παρέχεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 θαῦμα | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also’. |
| 4 | θαῦμα | θαῦμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Neuter nominative subject-like noun with παρέχεται; alternatively accusative may be intended in an impersonal construction. |
| 5 | τοιόνδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Deixis=Prox|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 θαῦμα | amod | high | |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Κυλλήνη | det | high | |
| 7 | Κυλλήνη | Κυλλήνη | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 παρέχεται | nsubj | medium | Proper-name subject or subject-like complement of παρέχεται. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 παρέχεται | punct | high | |
| 9 | κόσσυφοι | κόσσύφος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὄρνιθες | appos | medium | Bird-name noun in apposition to ὄρνιθες; spelling/lemma normalization is somewhat uncertain. |
| 10 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 εἰσιν | cc | high | |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὄρνιθες | det | high | |
| 12 | ὄρνιθες | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | ὁλόλευκοί | ὁλόλευκος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 εἰσιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰσιν. |
| 14 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | VSPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 παρέχεται | conj | high | |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 16 αὐτῇ | case | high | |
| 16 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 εἰσιν | obl | high | Refers to Κυλλήνη. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 εἰσιν | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ ὑπὸ Βοιωτῶν καλούμενοι γένος ἄλλο πού τί εἰσιν ὀρνίθων, οὐκ ᾠδικόν.
The subject is οἱ ... καλούμενοι, with Βοιωτῶν as the agent of the passive participle; γένος ... ὀρνίθων is a predicate nominal construction, and οὐκ ᾠδικόν supplies the elliptical predicate adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-MPl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 καλούμενοι | det | high | Article substantivizes the participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 καλούμενοι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | Prep | _ | 4 Βοιωτῶν | case | high | Introduces the agent with a passive participle. |
| 4 | Βοιωτῶν | Βοιωτός | PROPN | 名-Gen-MPl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 καλούμενοι | obl:agent | high | Agent of καλούμενοι. |
| 5 | καλούμενοι | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-Nom-MPl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 10 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized present passive participle. |
| 6 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-Nom-Acc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 εἰσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate noun agreeing in neuter singular with the understood collective subject. |
| 7 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-Nom-Acc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 γένος | amod | high | Modifies γένος. |
| 8 | πού | πού | ADV | Adv | _ | 10 εἰσιν | advmod | high | Indefinite/adverbial particle, approximately 'somewhere' or 'perhaps'. |
| 9 | τί | τις | PRON | P-Indef-Nom-Acc-Neut-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 6 γένος | det | medium | Indefinite τι modifies γένος; orthographic accent distinguishes it from interrogative τί. |
| 10 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 11 | ὀρνίθων | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-Gen-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 γένος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on γένος, 'a kind/genus of birds'. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 εἰσιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | Adv | _ | 14 ᾠδικόν | advmod | high | Negative particle. |
| 14 | ᾠδικόν | ᾠδικός | ADJ | A-Nom-Acc-Neut-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 εἰσιν | xcomp | medium | Elliptical predicate adjective, likely with γένος understood. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 εἰσιν | punct | high |
ἀετοὺς μὲν οὖν ὀνομαζομένους κυκνίας μάλιστα ἐοικότας κύκνῳ λευκότητα οἶδα ἐν Σιπύλῳ θεασάμενος περὶ λίμνην καλουμένην Ταντάλου·
Main structure: οἶδα governs ἀετούς (accusative object) and θεασάμενος is a nominative masculine singular circumstantial participle with implicit first-person subject; ὀνομαζομένους and ἐοικότας are coordinated/stacked accusative participles modifying ἀετούς. λευκότητα is an accusative object of ἐοικότας, with κύκνῳ as the dative standard of comparison. περὶ λίμνην ... is a locative adjunct to θεασάμενος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀετοὺς | ἀετός | NOUN | N-AC-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 οἶδα | obj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 1 ἀετοὺς | discourse | high | Correlative particle; οὖν follows. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | CCONJ | G- | _ | 10 οἶδα | cc | high | Inferential connective. |
| 4 | ὀνομαζομένους | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PPM-AC-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 1 ἀετοὺς | acl | high | Accusative participle modifying ἀετούς. |
| 5 | κυκνίας | κυκνίας | ADJ | A-AC-P | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὀνομαζομένους | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative adjective/name after ὀνομαζομένους, ‘called swan-like’; form can also be substantival. |
| 6 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D- | Degree=Sup | 7 ἐοικότας | advmod | high | |
| 7 | ἐοικότας | ἔοικα | VERB | V-PRP-AC-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 1 ἀετοὺς | acl | high | Perfect participle of defective ἔοικα, modifying ἀετούς. |
| 8 | κύκνῳ | κύκνος | NOUN | N-DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐοικότας | obl | high | Dative complement with ἔοικα. |
| 9 | λευκότητα | λευκότης | NOUN | N-AC-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐοικότας | obj | medium | Accusative property/object construed with ἐοικότας: likeness in whiteness. |
| 10 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 12 Σιπύλῳ | case | high | |
| 12 | Σιπύλῳ | Σίπυλος | PROPN | N-DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 θεασάμενος | obl | high | Place name in dative after ἐν. |
| 13 | θεασάμενος | θεάομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 10 οἶδα | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, implicit first-person subject. |
| 14 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R- | _ | 15 λίμνην | case | high | Here with accusative, ‘around/by’. |
| 15 | λίμνην | λίμνη | NOUN | N-AC-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 θεασάμενος | obl | high | |
| 16 | καλουμένην | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-AC-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 15 λίμνην | acl | high | Modifies λίμνην. |
| 17 | Ταντάλου | Τάνταλος | PROPN | N-GM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 καλουμένην | xcomp | medium | Predicate/name complement with καλουμένην: ‘called Tantalus’s [lake]’ / named Tantalus; syntactic analysis is somewhat elliptical. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 οἶδα | punct | high |
ὗς δὲ ἀγρίους λευκοὺς καὶ ἄρκτους τῶν Θρᾳκίων λευκὰς ἤδη που καὶ ἄνδρες ἐκτήσαντο ἰδιῶται·
The coordinated objects ὗς ἀγρίους λευκούς and ἄρκτους ... λευκάς are fronted; ἄνδρες ἰδιῶται is the subject of ἐκτήσαντο. Θρᾳκίων is a genitive of origin/specification with ἄρκτους, while που is an indefinite/attenuating adverb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὗς | ὗς | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐκτήσαντο | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 14 ἐκτήσαντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀγρίους | ἄγριος | ADJ | a-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὗς | amod | high | |
| 4 | λευκοὺς | λευκός | ADJ | a-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὗς | amod | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 ἄρκτους | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἄρκτους | ἄρκτος | NOUN | n-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἐκτήσαντο | obj | high | |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Θρᾳκίων | det | high | |
| 8 | Θρᾳκίων | Θρᾷξ | PROPN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἄρκτους | nmod | medium | Ethnonym used substantivally: 'of the Thracians'. |
| 9 | λευκὰς | λευκός | ADJ | a-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἄρκτους | amod | high | |
| 10 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | d-------- | _ | 14 ἐκτήσαντο | advmod | high | |
| 11 | που | πού | ADV | d-------- | _ | 14 ἐκτήσαντο | advmod | medium | Indefinite/attenuating particle-adverb; accentuation may vary in editions. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 13 ἄνδρες | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐκτήσαντο | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | ἐκτήσαντο | κτάομαι | VERB | v3pamm--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | ἰδιῶται | ἰδιώτης | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἄνδρες | appos | high | Appositional noun specifying ἄνδρες. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐκτήσαντο | punct | high |