Grammar parses for passage 8.18.1
Open translation for this passage
εἶναι δὲ τὴν Στύγα Ἡσίοδος μὲν ἐν Θεογονίᾳ πεποίηκεν---Ἡσιόδου γὰρ δὴ ἔπη τὴν Θεογονίαν εἰσὶν οἳ νομίζουσι---, πεποιημένα οὖν ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα Ὠκεανοῦ θυγατέρα τὴν Στύγα, γυναῖκα δὲ αὐτὴν εἶναι Πάλλαντος.
Infinitival accusative constructions frame the sentence: εἶναι τὴν Στύγα is the reported claim, while πεποίηκεν takes τὴν Στύγα as object and πεποιημένα ἐστιν introduces Pausanias’ conclusion. The dash tokens are punctuation; the relative clause οἳ νομίζουσι is parenthetical. Some attachment of the repeated infinitive and its accusative subjects is necessarily interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 πεποίηκεν | ccomp | medium | Infinitive in reported construction with accusative subject τὴν Στύγα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 πεποίηκεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-SAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Στύγα | det | high | |
| 4 | Στύγα | Στύξ | PROPN | NeAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 5 | Ἡσίοδος | Ἡσίοδος | PROPN | NeNS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πεποίηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 5 Ἡσίοδος | discourse | high | |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Θεογονίᾳ | case | high | |
| 8 | Θεογονίᾳ | Θεογονία | NOUN | NbSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 πεποίηκεν | obl | high | |
| 9 | πεποίηκεν | ποιέω | VERB | V3SRAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 πεποίηκεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 πεποίηκεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 πεποίηκεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | Ἡσιόδου | Ἡσίοδος | PROPN | NeSG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἔπη | nmod | high | |
| 14 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 19 εἰσὶν | discourse | high | |
| 15 | δὴ | δή | PART | D-------- | _ | 19 εἰσὶν | discourse | high | |
| 16 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | NbPN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 εἰσὶν | nsubj | medium | Subject of εἰσίν; construed with predicate Θεογονίαν. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-SAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Θεογονίαν | det | high | |
| 18 | Θεογονίαν | Θεογονία | NOUN | NbAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 εἰσὶν | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative with εἰσίν, in the construction 'there are those who consider...'; syntactic analysis is compressed. |
| 19 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 νομίζουσι | ccomp | medium | Parenthetical finite clause, with οἳ νομίζουσι as its extraposed/relative subject construction. |
| 20 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | Pr-NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 νομίζουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | νομίζουσι | νομίζω | VERB | V3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 πεποίηκεν | parataxis | medium | Relative clause meaning 'there are some who think'; attachment to the main reporting verb is interpretive. |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 νομίζουσι | punct | high | |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 νομίζουσι | punct | high | |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 νομίζουσι | punct | high | |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 πεποίηκεν | punct | high | |
| 26 | πεποιημένα | ποιέω | VERB | V-RPN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 28 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Perfect passive participle, neuter plural, used predicatively with ἐστιν; implied subject is the works/words. |
| 27 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G-------- | _ | 28 ἐστιν | discourse | high | |
| 28 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 πεποίηκεν | parataxis | medium | Copular conclusion coordinated loosely with πεποίηκεν. |
| 29 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 28 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 30 | Ὠκεανοῦ | Ὠκεανός | PROPN | NeSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 θυγατέρα | nmod | high | |
| 31 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | NbAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative in the second infinitival clause. |
| 32 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-SAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 Στύγα | det | high | |
| 33 | Στύγα | Στύξ | PROPN | NeAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 θυγατέρα | nmod | medium | Appositional accusative identifying the daughter. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 35 | γυναῖκα | γυνή | NOUN | NbAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Second predicate accusative coordinated with θυγατέρα. |
| 36 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 35 γυναῖκα | cc | high | |
| 37 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-SAF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 38 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 28 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by the copular conclusion; γυναῖκα is its predicate accusative. |
| 39 | Πάλλαντος | Πάλλας | PROPN | NeSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 γυναῖκα | nmod | high | |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 πεποίηκεν | punct | high |
ἐμοὶ δὲ ἐπιλεγομένῳ παντάπασιν ἐφαίνετο ταῦτά γε εἶναι κίβδηλα.
Impersonal φαίνομαι governs an infinitival clause: ταῦτα is the accusative subject of εἶναι, with κίβδηλα as its predicate; ἐμοί and the agreeing circumstantial participle ἐπιλεγομένῳ express the experiencer and accompanying reflection. The exact nuance of ἐπιλέγομαι is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1-s | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 5 ἐφαίνετο | iobj | high | Dative experiencer with impersonal ἐφαίνετο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἐφαίνετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπιλεγομένῳ | ἐπιλέγομαι | VERB | V-PMP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 ἐμοὶ | advcl | medium | Circumstantial dative participle agreeing with the first-person dative; semantic nuance depends on context. |
| 4 | παντάπασιν | παντάπασι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 ἐφαίνετο | advmod | high | Adverbial intensifier, ‘entirely’. |
| 5 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal finite predicate. |
| 6 | ταῦτά | οὗτος | PRON | Pd----APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 8 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 7 | γε | γε | PART | Q-------- | _ | 6 ταῦτά | advmod | high | Emphatic restrictive particle attached to ταῦτα. |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 ἐφαίνετο | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐφαίνετο. |
| 9 | κίβδηλα | κίβδηλος | ADJ | A--PNPN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective of εἶναι; nominative neuter plural by concord with the accusative subject in copular infinitival syntax. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high |